干旱与灌溉处理对冬小麦冠层内光分布的影响     

刘海红  于志青  毕建杰 《气象与环境科学》2016,39(3):38-43

为探讨北方冬麦区节水灌溉的关键时期,借助干旱和灌溉对冬小麦冠层光分布,获取本地化参数,为华北农业干旱预报模型的修正提供依据。采用美国CID公司生产的CI-110型植物冠层分析仪,对干旱和灌溉条件下冬小麦冠层内光分布进行直接测定。结果表明,干旱和灌溉条件下,无论是高氮还是低氮、中氮,平均叶面倾角(MLA)都随生育期的延长呈现出先下降再上升的趋势。高氮和低氮时,随着生育期的延长,干旱处理和灌溉处理的冬小麦散射辐射透过系数(TCDP)都呈现先下降再上升的变化趋势;中氮时,干旱处理和灌溉处理的冬小麦TCDP在开花期和灌浆期都呈现一直上升的趋势。无论高氮还是中氮、低氮,冬小麦直接辐射透过系数(TCRP)的值都随着天顶角角度的增大而减小,冬小麦TCRP的值随着冬小麦生育期的推进,都呈现出先下降、后上升的变化趋势。高、中、低氮3种情况下,干旱和灌溉处理的冬小麦每个生育期均呈现随着天顶角角度的增加,消光系数K也增大;高氮时,多数情况下,冬小麦冠层的消光系数K干旱的大于灌溉的;中氮、低氮时,多数情况下,冬小麦冠层的消光系数K干旱的小于灌溉的。干旱和灌溉对冬小麦冠层光分布的影响:灌溉增加了冬小麦的平均叶面倾角(MLA);干旱和灌溉处理条件下冬小麦的TCDP差异较小,TCDP与MLA变化趋势相似,也都呈现出先下降、再上升的变化规律;干旱和灌溉处理冬小麦TCRP,无论高氮还是中氮、低氮,都随着天顶角角度的增大而减小,在7.5°、22.5°时干旱和灌溉对冬小麦TCRP的影响较大,而在37.5°、52.5°、67.5°时对冬小麦TCRP的值影响很小;每个生育期消光系数K均随着天顶角角度的增加而增大。  相似文献   

冻滴微物理过程的分档数值模拟试验研究     

徐戈  孙继明  牛生杰  周碧  王永庆 《大气科学》2016,40(6):1297-1319

霰和冻滴是深对流降水的主要来源。由于二者密度差异造成的不同下落末速度必然会导致云微物理过程的变化以及降水时空分布的改变。我们在以色列特拉维夫大学二维轴对称对流云全分档模式的基础上,将水成物粒子从34档增加到40档,修改了霰和雪的密度,加入冻滴分档处理的微物理过程,发展了一个包括液滴、冰晶、雪、霰和冻滴更为详细的云微物理分档模式。利用改进后的模式模拟了一次理想的强对流天气过程,分析了改进模式与原模式模拟的云微物理量场以及水成物粒子的时空分布特征,模拟结果表明:（1）由于冻滴的产生,较大的下落末速度导致在云内-3℃至-8℃较早地出现了冻滴,并造成了大量的冰晶繁生。（2）冻滴形成前期,液态水中心区域位于垂直上升速度大值中心上方,形成液态水累积区;冻滴形成期,液态水累积区位于0℃层以上,雨滴冻结生成冻滴,霰与半径大于100 μm的液滴碰并生成冻滴;冻滴增长期,在垂直上升气流的支撑下,冻滴碰并过冷水增长,导致冻滴含量增大,液态水含量减小。因此,改进模式能较好的模拟冻滴的形成过程,可以将该分档处理的微物理方案耦合到三维WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting model）模式中,更深入地研究强雷暴风切变在冰雹生成过程中的作用。  相似文献   

GiT-based structural geologic feature analysis of the southern segment of Longmenshan fault zone for earthquake evidence     

Cheng-ming Ye  Peng Cui  Saied Pirasteh  Jonathan Li  Qingkai Meng  Xiao-jia Bi  Jian-qiang Zhang 《山地科学学报》2016,13(5):906-916

The Longmenshan fault is a thrust fault which runs along the base of the Longmen Mountains in Sichuan province,southwestern China.The southern segment of the fault had two distinct responses to the Ms 8 Wenchuan and Ms 7 Lushan earthquakes.This study determines characteristics of the structural geology of the Longmenshan fault to evaluate how it influenced the two aforementioned earthquakes.This research was done within a Geoinformation Technologies(Gi T) environment based on multi-source remote sensing and crustal movement data extracted from the Global Positioning System(GPS).The spatial distribution of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was comprehensively analyzed to study both earthquakes.The study revealed that the Wenchuanand Lushan earthquakes occurred on two relatively independent faults.In addition,there was a nearly constant-velocity crustal movement zone between the two epicenters that probably had a compressive stress with slow motion.Furthermore,the central fault and a mountain back fault gradually merged from north to south.The Lushan earthquake was not an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake.The research showed that fault zones within 30–50 km of State Highway 318 are intensive and complex.In addition,crustal movement velocity decreased rapidly,with a strong multi-directional shear zone.Thus,activity in that zone was likely stronger than in the northern part over the medium to long term.  相似文献   

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area,Chongqing, China   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Yi Wang  Guo-hua Bi  Qing-yuan Yang  Zhao-lin Wang 《山地科学学报》2016,13(10):1855-1866

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley’s K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS (Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geo-hazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the location conditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.  相似文献   

贺兰山下古生界陆源碎屑-碳酸盐岩混合沉积特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李灵波  许淑梅  冯怀伟  李萌  毕海明  季阳  叶清 《地质科学》2015,50(2):597-610

陆源碎屑和碳酸盐岩的混合沉积现象分布广泛,但由于混合沉积的研究起步较晚,且受不同沉积条件的制约,研究相对薄弱。贺兰山地区早古生代发育了陆源碎屑岩和海相碳酸盐岩的混合沉积建造,目前国内外学者对贺兰山地区的混合沉积现象的研究至今没有涉及。研究区早古生代混合沉积狭义上表现为混积岩,主要类型包括:泥质灰岩、含泥灰岩、灰质砾岩、灰质粉砂岩;广义上表现为混积层系,主要类型包括:陆源碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩、混积岩-陆源碎屑岩、混积岩-碳酸盐岩。本文从沉积相变关系、区域地层间接触关系、残余地层展布、物源分析等方面对研究区下古生界混合沉积特征进行了较为深入的探讨,研究区寒武纪和奥陶纪表现出了截然不同的混合沉积样式:寒武纪为"拼贴式"混合沉积,而奥陶纪为渐变式混合沉积。板块运动、全球海平面变化、陆源碎屑物质的供给等因素共同控制了研究区早古生代混合沉积的形成。从研究区早古生代不同时期特有的沉积样式人手,分析了研究区早古生代盆地类型及演化。研究区早古生代经历了寒武纪大洋和克拉通盆地共存-早奥陶世的局限克拉通盆地-中、晚奥陶世的前陆盆地雏形这样一个演化过程。  相似文献   

胶东蚀变岩型金矿金矿物微区地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

梁亚运  刘学飞  刘龙龙  周勉  李  何碧 《岩石学报》2015,31(11):3441-3454

胶东半岛金矿集区是我国主要的产金地之一,其中"蚀变岩型"和"石英脉型"金矿为该区两个典型的矿床类型。位于胶东半岛西北部的三山岛-仓上断裂带发育两个典型的"蚀变岩型"金矿:三山岛金矿和新立金矿。这两个金矿区金矿物赋存状态以晶隙金、裂隙金和包裹金为主,呈片状、椭圆状、短柱状和板状形态赋存于载金矿物之中,载金矿物主要为黄铁矿,少量方铅矿、闪锌矿等硫化物。扫描电镜背散射(BSE)电子图像和二次电子图像发现,单个金颗粒表面具有明显的凹坑或凹槽,因内部填充杂质或反光而呈暗黑色区域。电子探针(EMPA)分析可得金矿物中Au含量为63.34%~72.54%,含有较高的Ag含量(27.39%~36.34%),属于银金矿系列。银金矿单个颗粒微区能谱分析(SEM-EDS)显示,银金矿中除了Au和Ag外,还存在N(6.12%~9.79%)、O(1.89%~6.18%)、W(0.42%~0.84%)、P(6.32%~10.38%)和Fe(1.62%~3.37%)等元素。研究区银金矿与玲珑金矿("石英脉型"金矿)金矿物微区元素对比分析发现,具有相同的Au、Ag、N、O和Fe元素,但是仅在研究区银金矿中发现W元素,并且所含N、O和Fe的含量远低于玲珑金矿床。研究区银金矿中低O含量反应金形成环境为还原环境,并且与"石英脉型"金矿形成环境相对比,还原性更高。N元素的存在可能指示成矿流体中有大气降水混入,并且"蚀变岩型"金矿比"石英脉型"金矿混入量较少。P可指示成矿流体中有幔源流体的加入。W指示成矿流体可能源自早白垩世岩浆作用形成的初始岩浆流体。通过金矿物微区地球化学与成矿流体氢氧同位素综合分析可得,胶东金矿成矿流体为多源混合。成矿物质来源与早白垩世中-基性脉岩具有同源性,可能源自深部地幔。Au运移过程中,主要以硫化物Au(HS)-2的形式运移。  相似文献   

基于自动气象站和风廓线雷达资料的大理机场风切变分析与应用     

赵建伟  毕波  王周鹤  高兵 《气象科技》2019,47(6):1014-1020

根据2016—2017年大理机场航空器报告的风切变事件,利用同时段的自动气象观测资料、风廓线雷达资料对大理机场风切变进行了统计和分析。结果表明:①风切变均发生在每年的11月至次年4月,1月、2月最多;主要发生于07:00—13:00,一半出现在晴天;发生在350m以下占83%。②100m以下的风切变,地面均有阵性风,最大最小风速差6m/s;发生在15～91m的6次风切变,5次报告风切变的一端风向变化超过180°,南北两端地面风出现对头风,风速差异明显。AWOS(Automated Weather Observation System)捕捉到风向风速的明显变化可为近地层风切变预警提供参考。③发生在高度较高的风切变,雷达资料在遭遇风切变高度的上下层存在≥8m/s风速差,能确定上下层风不连续的准确高度、开始时间和结束时间。④机场区域常出现地面风速大而上空风速小或地面风速小而上空风速大的情况,结合地面风和风廓线雷达资料可为今后低高度风切变的初步预警提供参考。  相似文献   

云南垂直摆映震能力研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨玲英  毕灵晶  杨星  杨祺  蒋薇 《地震科学进展》2022,52(5):203-214

利用震例分析方法,通过对云龙、云县、永胜、通海等10个观测点垂直摆监测数据在云南省内及周边最近10年发生的51次中强地震中的同震响应、震前情况的研究,总结出了云南垂直摆的映震能力特征,可为未来地震前兆监测仪器选型、地震预测提供参考。   相似文献   

Late Paleozoic tectonic -magmatic evolution history of the northeastern ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

Dong Yu  Wang SiMiao  Yu Qian  Chen JingSheng  Yang Hao  Ge WenChun  Bi JunHui  Jing JiaHao 《岩石学报》2022,(8):2249-+

Northeastern China is suited in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and it is mainly composed of Erguna Massif, Xing'an Massif, Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Massif, Jiamusi Massif, and Nadanhada Terrane. The Late Paleozoic magmatism was relatively intense accompanied with multiple stages of amalgamation in several microcontinents, therefore these magmatic products are an important media in recording the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution history of the northeastern China. According to the petrological, geochronological, and geochemical characteristics of Late Paleozoic igneous rocks in the northeastern China, we found that the Late Paleozoic magmatism was based on Carboniferous -Permian igneous rocks. The Early Carboniferous magmatic products are gabbro, diorite and granite, the Late Carboniferous magmatic products are mainly composed of granitoids with minor gabbro, and the Permian magmatic products are mainly granitoids. Meanwhile, these Late Paleozoic igneous rocks mostly exhibit typical arc characteristics. In addition, the Late Paleozoic igneous rocks in eastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces are mainly Permian granitoids with minor gabbro, and these Permian igneous rocks show typical arc characteristics. Combined with petrological, geochronological, geochemical and isotopic characteristics, we suggest that the Late Paleozoic igneous rocks in the Great Xing'an Range and eastern Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces underwent different magmatic evolution history, and the microcontinents in NE China had different crustal growth history.  相似文献   

Discovery of the Mid-Late Jurassic volcanic rocks(163.4 Ma) in Nanhuangcheng Island,Shandong Province,China     

Xiao-qing Zhu  Ming-jian Wang  Xi Mei  Zhi-xian Tian  Shi-pu Bi  Long Huang 《China Geology》2022,5(1):191-192

1.Objectives Changshan Islands are located on the geographical boundary between the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea,China.Intensively tectonic deformation developed in this area,which is an important connection point to study the tectonics of the Shandong Peninsula and Liaoning Peninsula.Previous studies have shown that the lithologies of the three northern islands(Beihuangcheng Island,Nanhuangcheng Island,and Xiaoqin Island)of the Changshan Islands include Neoproterozoic quartzite,phyllite,and slate(Fuzikuang Formation of the Penglai Group),and a few areas are covered by Quaternary slope deposits,marine deposits and loess(Fig.1 a;Qiao EW et al.,2019).Recently,a set of volcanic rocks was firstly discovered in Nanhuangcheng Island(Fig.1 a).  相似文献