含铀物质对泥岩有机质热模拟生烃产物的影响     

卢红选  孟自芳  李斌  李相博  郑民 《沉积学报》2008,26(2):324-329

有机—无机相互作用是沉积盆地中普遍存在且不可改变的事实。采用加水热模拟实验方法,考察了含铀物质对泥岩样品热解生烃产物的影响。结果发现,含铀物质的加入,极大的提高了泥岩热解产物中气体产物的生成量。对气体组分的分析表明,产物中二氧化碳的含量增加,而甲烷的含量较少,一氧化碳的含量则呈现先增加后减少的趋势,对液态抽提物的分析发现,含铀物质促进了热解过程中产生的高碳数正构烷烃的降解,使得抽提物中饱和烃族组分的轻重比值有所增加,同时,含铀物质对泥岩热解产生的甾、萜烷类生物标志化合物也产生了一定的影响。  相似文献   

中国重要旅游城市雾霾时空特征     

邹金慧  徐飞雄  邹滨  李沈鑫  杨忠霖 《热带地理》2018,38(1):143-150

依托中国15个重要旅游城市,基于雾霾主导因素PM2.5观测数据、遥感气溶胶数据,运用土地利用回归方法模拟绘制PM2.5时空分布图,分析中国重要旅游城市PM2.5质量浓度的时空分异特征。结果表明：1）2013―2015年中国重要旅游城市PM2.5年均质量浓度总体呈逐年下降趋势,且明显呈现夏季低、冬季高、春秋季居中的季节变化特征;2）重要旅游城市PM2.5质量浓度在不同等级城市中存在明显差异,其PM2.5质量浓度整体规律为副省级市＞直辖市＞地级市;3）月均尺度上各重要旅游城市的宜游时间主要集中在4―9月,且2015年春冬季月份宜游城市明显增多;宜游时间较长的城市主要分布在空气质量优良的东南部沿海和森林覆盖率较高地区的地级市和部分副省级市,中西部地区和长三角地区的城市宜游时间则相对较短。  相似文献   

高分辨率青藏高原历史月降水数据重建     

徐明  石玉立  王彬 《地理科学进展》2018,37(7):923-932

青藏高原对全球气候研究具有重要意义,而降水数据对水文、气象和生态等领域的研究也至关重要,且随着研究内容和尺度的变化,对高时空分辨率的历史降水数据的需求越发迫切。本文基于TRMM 3B43降水数据,采用随机森林算法,引入归一化植被指数(AVHRR NDVI)、高程(SRTM DEM)、坡度、坡向、经度、纬度6个地理因子,建立历史降水重建模型,获得1982-1997年分辨率为0.0833°的青藏高原年降水数据,然后根据比例系数法计算出月降水数据。为提高精度,利用站点数据对月降水数据进行校正。结果表明,该方法能简单有效地获得高时空分辨率的历史降水数据,决定系数R²大部分在0.4~0.9之间,平均值为0.6767,其中夏季效果最好,冬季效果最差;均方根误差RMSE和平均绝对误差MAE均在50 mm以下,RMSE均值为22.66 mm,MAE均值为15.97 mm;偏差Bias较小,基本在0.0~0.1之间。  相似文献   

基于重心-GTWR模型的京津冀城市群城镇扩展格局与驱动力多维解析   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

王海军  张彬  刘耀林  刘艳芳  徐姗  邓羽  赵雲泰  陈宇琛  洪松 《地理学报》2018,73(6):1076-1092

城镇用地扩展格局及驱动力研究对城市群发展规划与决策具有重要意义。以京津冀地区为例,基于城镇用地扩展强度指数、城镇用地扩展差异指数、分形维数、土地城镇化率和重心转移模型,多维解析了城市群城镇用地扩展格局特征,并耦合重心转移模型和时空地理加权回归（GTWR）模型构建重心-GTWR模型,在对空间格局进行长时间序列多维度指标分析的基础上,运用该模型依序对其特征进行驱动力解读,进而总结凝练京津冀区域发展的主导模式与城市核心驱动力。主要结论为：① 1990-2015年,京津冀城市群城镇用地扩展强度呈现“下降-上升-下降”的趋势,高峰时期在2005-2010年,在2005年之前高速发展城市集中在北京、天津、保定和廊坊,2005年之后集中在邢台和邯郸;② 城市群城镇用地重心虽呈现出发散态势,但城市之间的局部相互作用力逐渐增强,城镇用地扩展驱动力表现出空间溢出特征;③ 京津冀城市群空间发展模式由以北京和天津为中心的双核发展模式向多核发展模式转变,并出现北部资源运输核心、中部经济发展核心和南部投资发展核心三大功能核心组团,城市群趋向于多核功能协同发展模式;④ 重心-GTWR模型结合了时空非平稳性和城市空间相互作用,将城市群城镇用地扩展作为一个时空变化系统进行分析,经验证,该模型在城镇用地扩展格局驱动力分析研究中具有可行性。  相似文献   

An Extended Minimum Spanning Tree method for characterizing local urban patterns   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bin Wu  Qiusheng Wu  Zuoqi Chen  Shenjun Yao  Yan Huang 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(3):450-475

Detailed and precise information on urban building patterns is essential for urban design, landscape evaluation, social analyses and urban environmental studies. Although a broad range of studies on the extraction of urban building patterns has been conducted, few studies simultaneously considered the spatial proximity relations and morphological properties at a building-unit level. In this study, we present a simple and novel graph-theoretic approach, Extended Minimum Spanning Tree (EMST), to describe and characterize local building patterns at building-unit level for large urban areas. Building objects with abundant two-dimensional and three-dimensional building characteristics are first delineated and derived from building footprint data and high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging data. Then, we propose the EMST approach to represent and describe both the spatial proximity relations and building characteristics. Furthermore, the EMST groups the building objects into different locally connected subsets by applying the Gestalt theory-based graph partition method. Based on the graph partition results, our EMST method then assesses the characteristics of each building to discover local patterns by employing the spatial autocorrelation analysis and homogeneity index. We apply the proposed method to the Staten Island in New York City and successfully extracted and differentiated various local building patterns in the study area. The results demonstrate that the EMST is an effective data structure for understanding local building patterns from both geographic and perceptual perspectives. Our method holds great potential for identifying local urban patterns and provides comprehensive and essential information for urban planning and management.  相似文献   

Multifractal process of runoff fluctuation of the Kaidu River in Xinjiang,China     

Shuang Qing Liu  Zu Han Liu  Wei Guo Wang  Yue Ping Lu  Xiao Liang Zhu  Bin Guo 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(3):232-239

Based on the hydrological data in the headwater region of the Kaidu River during 1972–2011, the multifractal process of runoff fluctuation was analyzed. Results indicated that, in the past 40 years, the overall runoff of the Kaidu River in Xinjiang has shown significant multifractal behavior. Its singular curve lnχ_q(ε)–ln(ε) verified a favorable scale invariance over the entire time scale. τ(q)–q proved that evolution of the runoff time series presented multifractal characteristics. Moreover,the multifractal spectrum f(α)–α curve was hooklike leftward which indicated that, compared to relatively large runoff events. And Δf0 indicated that these relatively small events took the leading role; B0 explained the Kaidu River's daily-runoff ascending tendency presented during 1972–2011. Besides that, the multifractal behavior of the Kaidu River's runoff variability over four decades was also analyzed. Generally speaking, by decades, their four corresponding spectrum variations were not noticeable. These Δα values showed larger runoff events occupied the leading position with some local values falling. During the 1970 s to the 1990 s, Δf0 illustrated the probability of the daily runoff at the lowest point is always larger than that of the highest during three continuous decades. At the beginning of the 21 st century, for Δf0 the trend presented was contrary from the 1970 s to the 1990 s. B values suggested an overall trend of increases during1972–2011. Until the 21 st century, the runoff with a slightly descending tendency on the whole explained these relatively large runoff events taking the leading role for the Kaidu River; but sometimes, some small events also played the dominant role.  相似文献   

Evaluation of global climate model on performances of precipitation simulation and prediction in the Huaihe River basin     

Yenan?Wu  Ping-an?ZhongEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Bin?Xu  Feilin?Zhu  Jisi?Fu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):191-204

Using climate models with high performance to predict the future climate changes can increase the reliability of results. In this paper, six kinds of global climate models that selected from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) under Representative Concentration Path (RCP) 4.5 scenarios were compared to the measured data during baseline period (1960–2000) and evaluate the simulation performance on precipitation. Since the results of single climate models are often biased and highly uncertain, we examine the back propagation (BP) neural network and arithmetic mean method in assembling the precipitation of multi models. The delta method was used to calibrate the result of single model and multimodel ensembles by arithmetic mean method (MME-AM) during the validation period (2001–2010) and the predicting period (2011–2100). We then use the single models and multimodel ensembles to predict the future precipitation process and spatial distribution. The result shows that BNU-ESM model has the highest simulation effect among all the single models. The multimodel assembled by BP neural network (MME-BP) has a good simulation performance on the annual average precipitation process and the deterministic coefficient during the validation period is 0.814. The simulation capability on spatial distribution of precipitation is: calibrated MME-AM > MME-BP > calibrated BNU-ESM. The future precipitation predicted by all models tends to increase as the time period increases. The order of average increase amplitude of each season is: winter > spring > summer > autumn. These findings can provide useful information for decision makers to make climate-related disaster mitigation plans.  相似文献   

Comparison of instrumental and interpolated meteorological data-based summer temperature reconstructions on Mt. Taibai in the Qinling Mountains,northwestern China     

Qin  Jin  Bai  Hongying  Su  Kai  Liu  Rongjuan  Zhai  Danping  Wang  Jun  Li  Shuheng  Zhou  Qi  Li  Bin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):633-645

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Previous dendroclimatical studies have been based on the relationship between tree growth and instrumental climate data recorded at lower land meteorological...  相似文献   

建筑物高度对地闪回击电磁场影响的模拟          下载免费PDF全文

宿志国  吕伟涛  陈绿文  马颖  武斌  齐奇  吴姗姗 《应用气象学报》2018,29(4):487-495

基于三维时域有限差分数值算法（3D-FDTD）建立了雷击高建筑物电磁场传播模型,研究了负地闪击中不同高度建筑物时回击垂直电场、角向磁场以及水平电场沿地表的传播规律。模拟结果表明:建筑物的高度对雷电电场峰值的影响显著,如当建筑物高度从100 m增加至600 m时,在距离d=100 m位置的垂直电场峰值减小了63%,水平电场正极性峰值的增加比例为84%、负极性峰值的绝对值增加比例高达130%;观测位置不变时,角向磁场峰值和水平电场正极性峰值均会随着建筑物高度的增加而增大;对于距离d=100 m,300 m时,垂直电场的峰值随着建筑物高度的增加而减小,而d=500 m时,垂直电场峰值随着建筑物高度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;此外,建筑物高度会影响垂直电场峰值对距离的敏感程度,建筑物越低（高）,相应的垂直电场峰值随着观测距离增大衰减越快（慢）。该文研究结果能够为现代化城市中高建筑物附近线缆、室外设备等的雷电防护方案设计提供参考。  相似文献   

欺骗攻击环境下带有传感器故障的大规模电网分布式状态估计     

武云发  张斌  李军毅  林文帅 《南京气象学院学报》2018,10(6):706-715

本文研究了欺骗攻击环境下带有传感器故障的大规模电网分布式状态估计问题.通过引入拓扑关系来描述分布式传感器节点之间的相互关系,使用随机Bernoulli序列描述欺骗攻击模型及其随机特性.基于Lyapunov方法证明了带有传感器故障的系统在遭受欺骗攻击环境下的均方稳定及H_∞稳定的充分条件,并基于LMI设计了满足H_∞性能指标的分布式状态估计器.最后通过数值仿真验证了所设计估计器的有效性.  相似文献