Effect of growing watershed imperviousness on hydrograph parameters and peak discharge     

Huang‐jia Huang  Shin‐jen Cheng  Jet‐chau Wen  Ju‐huang Lee 《水文研究》2008,22(13):2075-2085

An increasing impervious area is quickly extending over the Wu‐Tu watershed due to the endless demands of the people. Generally, impervious paving is a major result of urbanization and more recently has had the potential to produce more enormous flood disasters than those of the past. In this study, 40 available rainfall–runoff events were chosen to calibrate the applicable parameters of the models and to determine the relationships between the impervious surfaces and the calibrated parameters. Model inputs came from the outcomes of the block kriging method and the non‐linear programming method. In the optimal process, the shuffled complex evolution method and three criteria were applied to compare the observed and simulated hydrographs. The tendencies of the variations of the parameters with their corresponding imperviousness were established through regression analysis. Ten cases were used to examine the established equations of the parameters and impervious covers. Finally, the design flood routines of various return periods were furnished through use of approaches containing a design storm, block kriging, the SCS model, and a rainfall‐runoff model with established functional relationships. These simulated flood hydrographs were used to compare and understand the past, present, and future hydrological conditions of the watershed studied. In the research results, the time to peak of flood hydrographs for various storms was diminished approximately from 11 h to 6 h in different decrements, whereas peak flow increased respectively from 127 m³ s^?1 to 629 m³ s^?1 for different storm intensities. In addition, this study provides a design diagram for the peak flow ratio to help engineers and designers to construct hydraulic structures efficiently and prevent possible damage to human life and property. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality: Huagang Formation in the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin     

X. L. Sun  X. G. Zhang  J. L. Lin  Z. X. Zhao  D. W. Huang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1163-1174

Abstract

The characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality in the Huagang sandstones in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin were studied by using X-ray diffraction, casting thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, constant-rate mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance. Clay minerals consist of kaolinite, chlorite, illite and illite–smectite mixed layer (I/S); kaolinite forms from dissolved feldspars, chlorite occurs as clay coatings that are transformed from clay precursors owing to the flocculation of suspended detrital clays or the crystallisation of pore fluids, and illite forms from the illitisation of detrital smectite, authigenic kaolinite and K-feldspars. Clay distribution is controlled by sedimentary environments, burial history and lithologies. Typical reservoirs in the western sub-sag are thin and developed in braided river facies at relatively shallow burial depths with clays dominated by kaolinite. However, typical reservoirs in the central inversion tectonic zone are thicker and developed in a braided delta front facies at deeper burial depths with clays mainly consisting of chlorite, illite and I/S. High-quality reservoirs are characterised by coarse granularity, high quartz content and low clay content with widespread development of chlorite coatings that inhibit quartz cements at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the high-quality reservoirs develop more pores providing growth space for quartz cements and result in the coexistence of chlorite coatings and quartz cements. The high-quality reservoirs are controlled by their lithological characteristics rather than chlorite coatings. Illite and I/S clays create severe damage to reservoirs by reducing the size and connectivity of pore-throats.  相似文献   

The Remediation of Perchloroethylene Contaminated Groundwater by Nanoscale Iron Reactive Barrier Integrated with Surfactant and Electrokinetics     

Shin-Shian Chen  Yi-Chu Huang  Tzu-Yen Kuo 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2010,30(4):90-98

In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles were synthesized and utilized to integrate with surfactant and electrokinetics for the remediation of perchloroethylene (PCE). The average particle diameter and specific surface area of the lab-synthesized iron particles were 109.3 nm and 129.7 m² g^–1, respectively. Experiments were performed in a glass sandbox to simulate the transport and degradation of PCE in the aquifer. The results of the transport tests revealed that the PCE concentrations at the bottom layer was higher than those at the mid and upper layers, and that the surfactant Tween 80 showed its conspicuous mobilization for PCE in the aquifer. As the results of the degradation tests showed, NZVI activity could be promoted by electrokinetics that enhanced the remediation performance of PCE contaminated groundwater by the NZVI reactive barrier. Chlorinated byproducts were not detected during the degradation tests, that is, PCE was completely dechlorinated by NZVI in the reactive barrier. The information collected from this study will be useful for further application of the NZVI reactive barrier system to remediate the aquifers contaminated by the chlorinated solvents.  相似文献   

广州市美丽乡村空间分异特征及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晨  肖大威  黄翼 《热带地理》2020,40(3):551-561

以广州市已公布的4批美丽乡村建设试点数据为基础，通过最邻近指数、基于Riple’s函数的多距离空间聚类分析、核密度分析和叠置分析等方法，探讨了广州市美丽乡村的发展现状、空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明：1）自2013年起，广州市美丽乡村数量逐年递增且增长率呈现上升趋势；2）广州市美丽乡村空间分布呈明显的集聚型分布；3）Ripley’s函数分析表明美丽乡村要素点空间分布格局随距离变化略有不同，在0.14 km处集聚强度达到最大；4）核密度分析显示美丽乡村高密度区域主要分布在广州南部和西北部，包括番禺－南沙1个热点主核心区和从化、花都－白云2个热点副核心区，密度分布呈现多核心不均衡特点；5）乡村的地形水文、人文历史、交通区位和政策规划为美丽乡村空间分布的主要影响因素，其中，政策规划因素对“美丽乡村群”空间格局的形成起决定性影响。空间分布特征总体反映出广州市美丽乡村规划建设初见成效，并逐步形成以热点核心区为基础的“美丽乡村群”。最后，在乡村选点、空间优化、价值提升以及乡村治理等方面提出若干建议。  相似文献   

直立土钉墙技术在苏州基坑围护中的成功应用     

黄跃进 《江苏国土资源》2000,25(2)

苏州星海大厦基坑面积大,开挖深度达10.8 m,采用直立式土钉墙支护设计获得了成功.施工中坚持信息法,科学安排挖土顺序, 使地应力均匀释放.合理地降低了地下水位,在软弱地层中采取了二次注浆技术,提高了土钉锚固力.  相似文献   

鱼塭产斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)催熟繁殖技术研究     

杨小立  黄爱贞  黄德 《广东海洋大学学报》1999,(2)

以综合催熟措施和移植精荚手术相结合的技术方法，解决了鱼塭产斑节对虾催熟效应期长，产卵率低，易蜕壳失去精荚等难题。使用 ２７８ 尾雌虾，催熟率达９０％ 以上，在４０ ｄ 内共产卵６０８ 尾次，卵量１８ ５３０ 万粒，孵出无节幼体１１ ９９８ 万尾，平均孵化率 ６４．７％ ，平均每尾雌虾孵出无节幼体 ４３．１ 万尾，育成商品虾苗 １ ０２８．５ 万尾，育苗平均成活率 １３．６％ ，试养成活率５７．１％  相似文献   

从萤石资源看丽水发展氟化工前景     

黄金阳  赵力强 《浙江国土资源》1999,(1)

本文从萤石资源的分布特点、开发利用状况、国内外市场需求及资源保证程度等不同角度进行综合全面分析预测，阐述了丽水地区发展氟化学工业的可行性。  相似文献   

等离子体背景参数对尖峰辐射的影响     

黄光力  王德焴 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1991,(4)

本文在电子回旋脉塞不稳定性理论的基础上,着重讨论了等离子体背景参数ω_(pe)/Ω_e对尖峰辐射性质的影响,内容包括:该参数的物理意义、取值范围,以及在尖峰辐射性质中,对ω_(pe)/Ω_e的变化比较敏感的偏振和谐波结构,等等。  相似文献   

Impact of the Kuroshio Current on the South China Sea based on a 115 000 year diatom record     

Hui Jiang  Svante Bjrck  Lihua Ran  Yue Huang  Jiayin Li 《第四纪科学杂志》2006,21(4):377-385

We used the tropical oceanic planktonic diatom species Nitzschia marina, Rhizosolenia bergonii and Azpeitia africana/Azpeitia neocrenulata, most commonly found in the surface sediments of the northeasternmost South China Sea (SCS) where the Kuroshio Current enters the SCS through the Bashi Strait north of Luzon, to analyse the influence of the the Kuroshio Current on the SCS. The impact of the Kuroshio Current seems to be relatively strong during major warm periods and, to a lesser degree, in minor warm periods during the last 115 000 years. The strongest influence took place during the main part of the Holocene and during the very late phase of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. It is possible to distinguish two magnitudes of change in the impact of the Kuroshio Current on the SCS: large changes occurred at shifts between glacial and interglacial conditions, while smaller changes seem to have recurred in both glacial and interglacial episodes as well as during the Holocene. Climatic/oceanographic changes and sea‐level variations were possibly the two most important mechanisms for the varying influences of the Kuroshio Current on the SCS. The interaction between the Kuroshio Current and monsoon‐related processes may also have played a role. However, because of restricted knowledge of the present‐day Kuroshio Current and the absence of a modern analogue to the ancient SCS due to the marked changes in palaeogeography, this relationship is difficult to establish. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

厦门GPS基准站建设与试运行     

张远城  熊先保  黄晓华 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(3):125-126

全面叙述中国地壳运动观测网络中25个基准站之一——福建GPS基准站的设计、选址、建造和仪器安装等建设过程及试运行至今的情况和有关参数。其中对某些防护措施如防雷措施有较详细说明。为今后GPS基准站的建设提供了系统性的经验。  相似文献