Accuracy assessment of global historical cropland datasets based on regional reconstructed historical data—A case study in Northeast China   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

BeiBei Li  XiuQi Fang  Yu Ye  XueZhen Zhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,53(11):1689-1699

Historical cropland datasets are fundamental for quantifying the effects of human land use activities on climatic change and the carbon cycle. Two representative global land-use datasets, the Global Land Use Database (termed SAGE dataset) and the Historical Database of the Global Environment (termed HYDE dataset) have been established and used widely. Despite improvement of data quality and methodologies for extracting historical land use information, certain dataset limitations exist that need to be quantified and communicated to users so that they can make informed decisions on whether and how these land-use products should be used. The Cropland data of Northeast China (CNEC) is based on calibrated historical data and a multi-sourced data conversion model, and reconstructs cropland cover change in Northeast China over the last 300 years. Using the CNEC as a reference, we evaluated the accuracy of cropland cover for SAGE and HYDE in Northeast China at spatial scales ranging from the entire Northeast China to provinces and even individual raster grid cells. Neither SAGE nor HYDE reflects real historical land reclamation. Cropland areas in SAGE are overestimated by 20.98 times in 1700 to 1.6 times in 1990. Although HYDE is better, there are significant disagreements in cropland area and distribution between HYDE and CNEC, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. The proportion of total grid cells whose relative error was greater than 100% was 63.55% in 1700 and 53.27% in 1780. Global cropland dataset errors over Northeast China originate mainly from both the reverse calculation method for historical cropland data based on modern spatial patterns, and modern land-use outputs from satellite data.  相似文献   

Diagenetic control of magnetic susceptibility variation in Core MD98-2172 from the Eastern Timor Sea     

Li  Haiyan  Zhang  Shihong  Bai  Lingyan  Fang  Nianqiao 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(6):1350-1361

Detailed mineral magnetic measurements, integrated with grain-size distribution and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, were made on the marine sediments of Core MD98-2172, retrieved from the Eastern Timor Sea. Values of magnetic susceptibility in this core drop sharply down-core from ∼3.85 m deep below sediment/water interface and are very low at ∼5.35 m. However, both XRD and grain-size distribution results show no sudden change in terrigenous input during sedimentation. Mineral magnetic results indicate that the depth of ∼3.85 m may be an oxic/anoxic boundary. Therefore, the sediments below ∼3.85 m have been subjected to intense reductive diagenesis, whereas the sediments above ∼3.85 m are seldom affected. The magnetic properties of the sediments shallower than 3.85 m are dominated by pseudo-single domain (PSD) magnetite, with little down-core variation in its content and grain size. Below ∼3.85 m, the magnetic mineral assemblages that have survived in the sediments may record different stages of the reductive diagenesis: (1) the sediments from the 3.85–5.35 m interval are at the stage of iron oxide reduction; PSD magnetite is the major magnetic contributor, but it becomes less abundant and coarser down-core; (2) the sediments below ∼5.35 m are at the stage of sulphate reduction; ferrimagnetic minerals almost vanish and paramagnetic minerals contribute to down-core susceptibility variations, including pyrite as evidenced by high-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. However, the susceptibility variations below ∼5.35 m of Core MD98-2172 show obvious periodicity, despite the intense effect of reductive diagenesis. Furthermore, the down-core susceptibility variations are coincident with fluctuations in the quantity of fine detrital particles (<8 μm), which may come mainly from the advection of the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) and/or river input from Timor. Therefore, for Core MD98-2172, susceptibility variation below ∼5.35 m, which potentially correspond to fluctuations in the quantity of fine particles, may record the histories of the development of the ITF and precipitation on Timor.  相似文献   

Vegetation change of ecotone in west of Northeast China plain using time-series remote sensing data   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Fang Huang  Ping Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(2):167-175

Multi-temporal series of satellite SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) data from 1998 to 2007 were used for analyzing vegetation change of the ecotone in the west of the Northeast China Plain. The yearly and monthly maximal values,anomalies and change rates of NDVI and NDWI were calculated to reveal the interannual and seasonal changes in vegetation cover and vegetation water content. Linear regression method was adopted to characterize the trends in vegetation change. The yearly maximal NDVI decreased from 0.41 in 1998 to 0.37 in 2007,implying the decreasing trend of vegetation activity. There was a significant decrease of maximal NDVI in spring and summer over the study period,while an increase trend was observed in autumn. The vegetation-improved regions and vegetation-degraded regions occupied 17.03% and 20.30% of the study area,respectively. The maximal NDWI over growing season dropped by 0.027 in 1998–2007,and about 15.15% of the study area showed a decreasing trend of water content. Vegetation water stress in autumn was better than that in spring. Vegetation cover and water content variations were sensitive to annual precipitation,autumn precipitation and summer temperature. The vegetation degradation trend in this ecotone might be induced by the warm-drying climate especially continuous spring and summer drought in the recent ten years.  相似文献   

Comprehensive measurement for carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in central China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Chuanglin Fang  Xiaoli Liu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(3):281-288

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has impor-tant practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy,sustainable and stable development of this region.Ac-cording to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism,using system dynamics approaches,this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China,and through setting different development models,the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out.The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources,environment,society and economy in the city clusters.According to this model,the optimum population scale of the city clusters in2020 is 42.80×106 persons,and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055× 1012 yuan(RMB).In 1996-2020,the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics.During the studied period,it is basically at the initial development stage,and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.  相似文献   

初始剪应力与加荷速率共同作用下饱和软黏土孔压模型试验研究     

王军  杨芳  吴延平  胡秀青 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):111-117

通过GDS循环三轴试验系统,对循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的孔压变化规律进行了研究,分析了循环应力比,初始剪应力与振动频率对孔隙水压力的影响。研究结果表明：随着循环应力比的增加,孔压发展速度增快。循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土存在临界循环应力比,通过孔压也可以确定其值大小。在循环初期,孔压率较大,随着循环时间的增加,孔压率逐渐减小。随着循环应力比的增加,孔压率增加。振动频率对孔压比-循环次数关系影响明显,随着频率的增加,孔压比减小;然而,当振动频率大于1 Hz时,振动频率对孔压比-时间与孔压率-时间关系影响不明显。随着初始剪应力的增大,孔压增加。初始剪应力对应变率具有显著影响;随着初始剪应力的增加,应变率增加。在对数坐标下,孔压率与时间呈线性关系。在上述试验基础上建立了孔压率与时间关系表达式,通过积分得到了循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的动孔压模型  相似文献   

提高地震科技期刊审读的实效性浅议     

贺方 《高原地震》2010,22(4):62-65

针对目前期刊审读要求制度化的现状,探讨了提高地震科技期刊审读实效性的途径。期刊刊前和刊后审读要抓薄弱环节,内部和外部审读要有的放矢;科技期刊的审读内容有别于社科类期刊,不同的审读内容就有不同的审读主体和审读方法。审读效果的好坏与审读者的专业水平、知识结构甚至心理素质等息息相关。  相似文献   

The statistical and numerical study of the global distribution of coronal plasma and magnetic field near 2.5 Rs over a 10-year period     

Fang Shen  Xueshang Feng  Changqing Xiang  Wenbin Song 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(13):1008-1018

The basic characteristics of the global distribution for the corona plasma and magnetic field near 2.5 Rs are analyzed with the statistical and numerical methods for 136 Carrington Rotations (CRs) covering four different phases of solar activity. By using the observational data and the velocity distribution model in the corona, the statistical average distribution of the magnetic field, density and the coronal mass outputs are analyzed for the four different phases. Then, a numerical study of the global distribution near 2.5 Rs has been made by solving a self-consistent MHD system. Finally, the solar wind speed at 1 AU is given by mapping the speed at 2.5 Rs to that near 1 AU, and the comparison of the numerical results with the observational measurements and the simulation result of the Wang–Sheeley–Arge (WSA) model are made during more than 5 years. The numerical results indicate that the global distributions on the source surface of 2.5 Rs at different phases of solar activity could be used to predict the change of the solar wind in interplanetary space.  相似文献   

青海循化盆地晚更新世沉积序列与古气候     

韩芳  张克信  韦一  季军良  徐亚东  陈奋宁  寇晓虎 《地球科学》2010,35(5):849-856

河流阶地作为河谷中常见地貌, 其堆积物特征对气候变化过程研究具有重要的意义.通过对循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地剖面沉积特征、粒度、磁化率、孢粉以及光释光测年的研究, 初步厘定循化黄河Ⅲ级阶地形成时代为75 ka.循化盆地晚更新世气候演化可以大致划分为6个阶段: 120~114 ka, 气候暖湿; 114~105 ka, 气候较为干冷; 105~98 ka, 气候较暖湿; 98~85 ka, 气候转为温凉; 85~75 ka, 气候暖湿; 75~63 ka, 气候干冷.这6个阶段分别与MIS5e-4段相对应.   相似文献   

越南西北部地区Sinh Quyen岩组副片麻岩的锆石年龄及其地质意义     

范忠孝  陈福坤  祝禧艳  王芳 《地球科学》2010,35(2):201-210

在大地构造位置上, 越南西北部地区是古特提斯造山带东段重要的组成部分, 并记录了印支陆块和华南板块碰撞拼合历史.其构造归属是厘定该地区古特提斯板块缝合带位置的关键.报道了出露的基底岩石Sinh Quyen岩组副片麻岩的碎屑锆石年龄, 探讨其沉积物源和归属问题.该岩组主要由长英质副片麻岩和混合岩等岩石类型构成, 被认为是越南西北部中元古代—古元古代基底岩石.采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法分析了3个长英质副片麻岩样品的116粒碎屑锆石.123个分析点锆石年龄的统计结果显示, 碎屑锆石形成时代主要集中在约1.8 Ga左右, 有少量约2.2~3.0 Ga中太古代碎屑锆石, 暗示Sinh Quyen副片麻岩沉积物源主要为早古元古代基底岩石.基底岩石在形成时间上与华南板块古老基底相似, 推断Sinh Quyen岩组在构造归属上可能来自华南板块.部分碎屑锆石边部记录约250 Ma变质增生作用, 可能与华南板块—印支板块的印支期拼合有关, 记录了古特提斯造山作用.   相似文献   

河南焦作地区下二叠统太原组遗迹化石及其沉积环境   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

胡斌  周方  宋慧波 《古地理学报》2010,12(5):577-588

河南省焦作地区下二叠统太原组发育一套陆表海碳酸盐岩以及海湾-潟湖、潮坪-沼泽和障壁岛 （砂质滩、坝） 相碎屑岩和煤层,其中保存有大量完好的遗迹化石,已识别出的有10个遗迹属11个遗迹种,包 括Zoohycos brianes,Zoohycos villae,Teichichnus rectus,Nereies isp．,Chondries isp.,Rhizocorallium isp.,Thalassinoides suevivus,Ophiomorpha nodosa,Gordiamaina,Taenidium satanassi和Planolites isp.等。这些遗迹化石多为 全浮痕保存,少数为半浮痕表迹保存,其丰度较高。根据遗迹化石的组成与产状特征及其围岩的沉积特征,可 识别出３种遗迹化石组合：(1) Zoohycos－Nereites遗迹组合,出现在水体相对较深、浪基面之下且沉积底层内 氧气贫乏的远岸浅海沉积环境;(2) Zoohycos－Taenidium遗迹组合,产生于水体相对较浅的浪基面之上的近岸 浅海沉积环境;(3)Ophiomorpha－Thalassinoides遗迹组合,发育于海岸带潮坪或海湾、湖沉积环境,遗迹化石 往往保存在泥质灰岩或钙质粉砂岩和薄层细砂岩中。基于遗迹化石组合的分布特点,提出了焦作地区太原组遗 迹化石的沉积环境模式。  相似文献