西北边境地区冰冻圈遥感调查与监测(2013—2015年)主要进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

燕云鹏  刘刚  李瑜  刘建宇  王怿飞  张博文  韩聪 《中国地质调查》2017,4(3):51-56

2013—2015年由中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心牵头开展了中国地质调查局地质调查项目“西北边境地区国土资源遥感综合调查”,我国西北边境高寒、高海拔地区的冰冻圈遥感调查是其中一项重要内容。冰冻圈遥感调查的主要进展有: 基于地形地貌、地温分布和坡度坡向特征等综合信息完成了藏北等地区的多年冻土范围调查; 利用高分1号(GF-1)宽幅数据和Landsat数据,对2013年1月—2014年12月期间阿里西部地区近10 000 km²的积雪覆盖情况进行了连续19个期次的动态监测; 基于1999—2013年间的Landsat多期影像,对班公湖和斯潘古尔湖冷季6个月份的湖冰覆盖情况进行了动态调查。  相似文献   

Vertical Migration of Fine-Grained Sediments from Interior to Surface of Seabed Driven by Seepage Flows–‘Sub-Bottom Sediment Pump Action'     

Shaotong Zhang  Yonggang Jia  Mingzheng Wen  Zhenhao Wang  Yaqi Zhang  Chaoqi Zhu  Bowen Li  Xiaolei Liu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(1):15-24

A scientific hypothesis is proposed and preliminarily verified in this paper: under the driving of seepage flows, there might be a vertical migration of fine-grained soil particles from interior to surface of seabed, which is defined as ‘sub-bottom sediment pump action' in this paper. Field experiments were performed twice on the intertidal flat of the Yellow River delta to study this process via both trapping the pumped materials and recording the pore pressures in the substrate. Experimental results are quite interesting as we did observe yellow slurry which is mainly composed of fine-grained soil particles appearing on the seabed surface; seepage gradients were also detected in the intertidal flat, under the action of tides and small wind waves. Preliminary conclusions are that ‘sediment pump' occurs when seepage force exceeds a certain threshold: firstly, it is big enough to disconnect the soil particles from the soil skeleton; secondly, the degree of seabed fluidization or bioturbation is big enough to provide preferred paths for the detached materials to migrate upwards. Then they would be firstly pumped from interior to the surface of seabed and then easily re-suspended into overlying water column. Influential factors of ‘sediment pump' are determined as hydrodynamics(wave energy), degree of consolidation, index of bioturbation(permeability) and content of fine-grained materials(sedimentary age). This new perspective of ‘sediment pump' may provide some implications for the mechanism interpretation of several unclear geological phenomena in the Yellow River delta area.  相似文献   

First lacustrine varve chronologies from Mexico: impact of droughts,ENSO and human activity since AD 1840 as recorded in maar sediments from Valle de Santiago   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ulrike Kienel  Sabine Wulf Bowen  Roger Byrne  Jungjae Park  Harald Böhnel  Peter Dulski  James F. Luhr  Lee Siebert  Gerald H. Haug  Jörg F. W. Negendank 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,42(4):587-609

We present varve chronologies for sediments from two maar lakes in the Valle de Santiago region (Central Mexico): Hoya La Alberca (AD 1852–1973) and Hoya Rincón de Parangueo (AD 1839–1943). These are the first varve chronologies for Mexican lakes. The varved sections were anchored with tephras from Colima (1913) and Paricutín (1943/1944) and ²¹⁰Pb ages. We compare the sequences using the thickness of seasonal laminae and element counts (Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Sr) determined by micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The formation of the varve sublaminae is attributed to the strongly seasonal climate regime. Limited rainfall and high evaporation rates in winter and spring induce precipitation of carbonates (high Ca, Sr) enriched in ¹³C and ¹⁸O, whereas rainfall in summer increases organic and clastic input (plagioclase, quartz) with high counts of lithogenic elements (K, Al, Ti, and Si). Eolian input of Ti occurs also in the dry season. Moving correlations (5-yr windows) of the Ca and Ti counts show similar development in both sequences until the 1930s. Positive correlations indicate mixing of allochthonous Ti and autochthonous Ca, while negative correlations indicate their separation in sublaminae. Negative excursions in the correlations correspond with historic and reconstructed droughts, El Niño events, and positive SST anomalies. Based on our data, droughts (3–7 year duration) were severe and centred around the following years: the early 1850s, 1865, 1880, 1895, 1905, 1915 and the late 1920s with continuation into the 1930s. The latter dry period brought both lake systems into a critical state making them susceptible to further drying. Groundwater overexploitation due to the expansion of irrigation agriculture in the region after 1940 induced the transition from calcite to aragonite precipitation in Alberca and halite infiltration in Rincón. The proxy data indicate a faster response to increased evaporation for Rincón, the lake with the larger maar dimensions, solar radiation receipt and higher conductivity, whereas the smaller, steeper Alberca maar responded rapidly to increased precipitation.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地大红沟地区始新世—上新世孢粉记录及气候变化     

路晶芳  张克信  宋博文  徐亚东  张楗钰  黄威  张道来 《现代地质》2020,34(4):732-744

柴达木盆地发育了一套完整的古近纪—新近纪河湖相沉积地层,选择在其北缘大红沟剖面采集沉积物样品进行孢粉鉴定分析。根据孢粉组合特征划分出14个孢粉组合带,揭示了该地区古近纪到新近纪的植被、气候变化历史。结果显示:该地区古近纪—新近纪植被代表一种北亚热带常绿阔叶林→暖温带、温带落叶阔叶针叶林→温带针阔叶混交林→山体针叶林→干旱草原荒漠的植被生态景观演变过程。通过对柴达木盆地大红沟剖面植被面貌分析,推断古近纪—新近纪期间研究区气候存在多次冷暖干湿变化,呈现出由暖湿向冷干发展的趋势。11~9 Ma低温干燥的特征与中新世中期全球气候适宜期趋势不一致,可能是盆地构造运动导致的区域特殊性。  相似文献   

1971 - 2015年羌塘高原藏色岗日冰川变化     

贾博文  侯书贵  王叶堂 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):307-317

通过对地形图和Landsat系列影像的目视解译获取冰川边界, 分析得到1971 - 2015年羌塘高原藏色岗日冰川变化。结果表明： 2015年研究区有冰川84条, 总面积（297.65±4.29） km2; 1971 - 2015年冰川持续退缩, 面积减少（19.32±24.31） km2, 年均退缩率为（0.14±0.17）%, 退缩较慢; 五个时段年均退缩速率分别为（0.12±1.46）%、 （0.20±0.32）%、 （0.12±0.50）%、 （0.01±0.57）%和（0.16±0.31）%。消融期（5 - 9月）温度的上升是研究区冰川退缩的主要驱动力。小规模冰川（<0.5 km2）的退缩率14.00%大于大规模冰川（>2 km2）的5.58%; 北朝向冰川的退缩率8.06%大于南朝向冰川的4.16%; 冰川数量由78条增加到84条反映出大冰川在退缩的过程中分裂成小冰川; 2条冰川末端发生前进。  相似文献   

Optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in surface and pore waters adjacent to an oil well in a southern California salt marsh     

Jennifer C. Bowen  Catherine D. Clark  Jason K. Keller  Warren J. De Bruyn 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):157-168

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) optical properties were measured in surface and pore waters as a function of depth and distance from an oil well in a southern California salt marsh. Higher fluorescence and absorbances in pore vs. surface waters suggest soil pore water is a reservoir of CDOM in the marsh. Protein-like fluorophores in pore waters at distinct depths corresponded to variations in sulfate depletion and Fe(II) concentrations from anaerobic microbial activity. These variations were supported by fluorescence indexes and are consistent with differences in optical molecular weight and aromaticity indicators. Fluorescence indices were consistent with autochthonous material of aquatic origin in surface waters, with more terrestrial, humified allochthonous material in deeper pore waters. CDOM optical properties were consistent with significantly enhanced microbial activity in regions closest to the oil well, along with a three-dimensional excitation/emission matrix fluorescence spectrum peak attributable to oil, suggesting anaerobic microbial degradation of oil.  相似文献   

Ocean temperature change around New Zealand over the last 36 years     

Philip J. H. Sutton  Melissa Bowen 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2019,53(3):305-326

Ocean temperature changes around New Zealand are estimated from satellite sea surface temperature (SST) products since 1981, two high resolution expendable bathythermograph transects (HRXBT) since 1986 and 1991, and Argo data since 2006. The datasets agree well where they overlap. Significant surface warming is found in subtropical waters. Greatest warming is east of Australia and in the central Pacific. All NZ coastal waters are warming, with strongest warming east of Wairarapa and weakest between East Cape and North Cape. Temperature changes are surface intensified, extending to ～200 m in the northeast and at least 850 m in the eastern Tasman. Significant interannual variability is coherent over a large area of ocean north of the Subtropical Front and modulates extreme events. NZ air temperatures are highly correlated at interannual timescales with SSTs over a broad region of ocean north of the Subtropical Front from the eastern Tasman to east of the dateline.  相似文献   

九龙江口伪镖水蚤科一新种——沈氏伪镖水蚤     

王博文  郭东晖 《海洋学报》2019,41(6):93-102

记述了采自九龙江口桡足类1个新种——沈氏伪镖水蚤（Pseudodiaptomus sheni Guo&Wang,sp.nov.）,对其形态特征进行了拍照、绘图和描述。形态上,新种头部钝尖,雌性胸部后侧角内缘乳状突起明显、生殖厣末端突起呈长倒刺状、尾叉外侧第2和第3尾刚毛基部膨大、第5胸足外肢第1节内末角突起尖细,雄性第5胸足左足第2基节后缘中部三角形突起狭尖,与火腿伪镖水蚤[P.poplesia（Shen,1955）]存在显著的形态差异;两者基于线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（mtCOI）基因片段的遗传差异为17.4%~19.5%。沈氏伪镖水蚤的命名旨在纪念中国科学院动物研究所甲壳动物分类学家沈嘉瑞（1902-1975）研究员,模式标本保存于厦门大学海洋科技博物馆。  相似文献   

东马努斯海盆PACMANUS热液区Cu的物质来源：质量守恒模拟证据     

马瑶  王晓媛  陈帅  殷学博  朱博文  国坤  曾志刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(9):59-70

东马努斯海盆位于巴布亚新几内亚的俾斯麦海域,是一个正在扩张的弧后盆地,与其活动热液喷口相关的热液产物,是现代海底系统中富含铜最丰富的矿产资源之一。火山岩与这种成矿作用有着密切的关系,然而通过海水对火山岩的淋滤作用是否可以为富含Cu的硫化物提供充足的Cu元素。PACMANUS热液区位于东马努斯海盆,质量守恒模拟在该热液系统的应用表明,由于水岩反应中较低的淋滤、转移和沉淀效率,通过热液流体对稳定反应区（0.144 km³）的简单淋滤无法满足硫化物矿床中Cu的需求。即使在100%的淋滤、转移和沉淀效率条件下,为了满足PACMANUS热液区硫化物中Cu的总量,仍需要0.166 km³体积的火山岩参与淋滤作用。
形成富含金属元素的岩浆流体的关键在于金属元素可以在挥发分中富集。首先,俯冲物质对地幔楔的交代作用,导致了东马努斯海盆地区生成的岩浆具有较高的氧逸度,进而使其岩浆房中富集Cu元素。其次,Pual Ridge的安山岩包裹体的气泡中富含Cu元素,进一步证实了在东马努斯海盆,Cu元素通过岩浆脱气作用向挥发分中运移。数值模拟结果显示,每1 km³体积的岩浆就可能向热液系统中运移0.236 Mt Cu。因此,岩浆脱气作用可能比淋滤作用更显著。  相似文献   

基于深度学习模型的城市高分辨率遥感影像不透水面提取     

蔡博文  王树根  王磊  邵振峰 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(9):1420-1429

不透水面是衡量城市生态环境状况的重要指标。城市土地利用的复杂性和不透水表面材料的多样性,导致直接从高分辨率遥感影像中提取不透水表面具有挑战性。针对城市尺度高分辨率遥感影像的不透水面提取要求,本文提出基于深度学习的城市不透水面提取模型。首先,利用深度卷积神经网络对影像特征进行提取;然后,根据其邻域关系构建概率图学习模型,进一步引入高阶语义信息对特征进行优化,实现不透水面的精确提取。本文选取武汉市为实验区,以高分二号卫星遥感影像作为数据源,完成了不透水面专题信息提取,其中自动提取准确率在建成区为89.02%、在城乡结合部为95.55%。与随机森林（RF）和支持向量机（SVM）等经典方法对比,结果表明深度学习不透水面提取方法有较高的提取精度和细节准确性,建成区的总体精度相比于RF和SVM算法分别提升2.18%和1.68%。最后,对武汉市各主要行政区不透水面信息进行统计和分析,结果表明其中江汉区和武昌区2个核心主城区不透水面占比超过60%,并对武汉市现状和发展规划特点进行了讨论。本文研究成果可为海绵城市和生态城市的建设提供基础技术支撑和数据参考。  相似文献