基于时空双变网格的起伏地表变坐标系正演模拟方法（英文）     

黄建平  曲英铭  李庆洋  李振春  李国磊  步长城 《应用地球物理》2015,(1):101-110,123

坐标变换法通过将物理空间的曲网格映射为计算空间的矩形网格,将起伏地表转化为水平地表,同时将物理空间的波动方程转化为计算空间的波动方程,在计算空间完成数值模拟,坐标变换的方法对处理起伏自由边界具有较好的适应性和应用效果。本文在传统坐标变换方法的基础上,根据计算区域速度差异采用不同的网格大小和采样时间步长,提出了一种基于时空双变网格的起伏地表坐标变换正演模拟方法。在编程实现算法的基础上,通过典型模型波场模拟试算结果分析可知:(1)变网格方法与常规方法波场模拟误差在0.5%左右;(2)变网格方法计算效率视不同的变网格区域面积及变网格大小可提高几倍量级,在本文模型和计算参数下提高约5倍。(3)在满足模拟精度及频散条件要求下,变网格方法较全局细网格算法能显著节约计算内存。为此,针对起伏地表数值模拟,本文方法具有较高的模拟计算精度和一定的适应性。  相似文献   

广东潮安四望坪铜矿区断裂控矿特征     

古润平  卜安 《火山地质与矿产》2010,(4):291-297

广东潮安四望坪铜矿以岩浆期后热液交代充填成矿为特征,在其三位一体（岩浆岩、断裂/层间滑动破碎带、围岩）的控矿组合中,以流纹斑岩、晶屑凝灰岩的层间滑动破碎带为最佳。本文从矿区资料的综合研究入手,深入剖析了岩浆岩、断裂、围岩圈闭条件与矿体规模、富集程度的关系;旨在通过对矿区地质环境与矿床成因的深入分析,建立火山期后热液矿床的断裂控矿模式,为粤东火山岩地区该类矿床的发现提供理论上的启示。  相似文献   

LATE QUATERNARY HIGH LAKE LEVELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES SINCE LAST DEGLACIAL IN DALIANHAI,GONGHE BASIN IN QINGHAI PROVINCE     

Chen Fahu  Zhang Jiawu  Cheng Bo  Yang Taibao 《第四纪研究》2012,32(1)

干旱区晚第四纪已有较多高湖面与湖泊演化的报道和研究,对于认识区域环境变化有重要意义,但高湖面出现的时间尚存争议,高分辨率的气候环境记录仍相对缺乏.本文通过青海共和盆地达连海湖岸地貌考察和AMS 14C年代学研究,讨论达连海古湖晚第四纪高湖面出现的可能时间;并通过达连海DLH99孔岩芯年代和高分辨率代用指标,讨论高原东北缘末次冰消期以来的气候环境变化.达连海周围存在6级高湖面岸线或台地,14C测年结果显示,最低的两级湖岸堤形成于全新世,其余湖岸台地年代均老于44cal.kaB.P.,当时在达连海地区形成一个较大的古湖泊.DLH99孔显示达连海近15cal.kaB.P.沉积了40.92m的湖相沉积物,平均沉积速率高达2.7mm/a.孢粉资料揭示出,现代干旱的共和盆地在末次冰消期以来存在两个山地针叶林发育阶段,分别位于末次冰消期和全新世早中期.全新世早中期是适合山地针叶林植被发育的气候最宜期,而晚全新世山地森林植被整体衰退.粒度分析结果显示,达连海全新世低水位时期对应于岩芯中部山地森林植被发育的晚期,出现较强烈干旱事件(岩芯深13～15m段),这种湖泊水位与植被所指示的气候变化不一致现象(即低水位时期盆地内耐旱植物和山地乔木花粉同时增加),可能揭示出干旱区山地与盆地环境对区域气候不同响应.达连海存在的系列高湖面和冰消期以来的完整气候记录,为理解晚第四纪季风边缘区气候变化过程及其机制提供了条件.  相似文献   

散粒体斜坡运动堆积特征试验研究     

何娜  傅荣华  卜祥航  汪留洋  李川  邓荫万  陈国文  潘宏坚 《地质灾害与环境保护》2012,23(1):50-53

散粒体斜坡俗称“溜砂坡”,对其运动和堆积特征的研究是溜砂坡防治的关键.在斜坡模型架上模拟碎块石的运动过程和堆积过程,探索其颗粒大小、形态与斜坡角的关系.通过堆积体纵剖面取样发现,溜砂坡堆积呈现分形结构,其颗粒质量粒径分布分维数随黏粒含量的增大而增大.  相似文献   

Holocene monsoon climate documented by oxygen and carbon isotopes from lake sediments and peat bogs in China: a review and synthesis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiawu Zhang  Fahu Chen  Jonathan A. Holmes  Hui Li  Xiaoyan Guo  Junlan Wang  Shuang Li  Yanbin Lü  Yan Zhao  Mingrui Qiang 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(15-16):1973-1987

There has been much recent debate about Holocene climate variation in the monsoon region of China, especially the temporal pattern of variations in precipitation, the time-transgressive nature of the Holocene precipitation maximum, and the extent to which variations in regions influenced by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) have been synchronous. We summarize and compare carbonate oxygen-isotope records (δ¹⁸O_carb) from ten lakes within the present-day ISM region. We discuss their paleoclimate significance considering the present-day moisture source, isotopic composition of precipitation and the hydrological setting. The δ¹⁸O_carb records are controlled mainly by the isotopic composition of lake water, which in turn is a function of regional Precipitation/Evaporation (P/E) balance and the proportion of precipitation that is monsoon-derived. We normalized the δ¹⁸O_carb data and used these records to generate an integrated moisture index. This index, along with oxygen-isotope records from speleothems and carbon-isotope records (δ¹³C_org) from peats within the monsoon region, suggests that Holocene climate was broadly synchronous across the monsoon region and, within the limits of accuracy of the existing age models, provides no strong evidence for previously-proposed anti-phasing of the ISM and the EASM. Stable-isotope records from lake sediments and peat bogs have excellent potential for providing high-quality paleoclimate data for monsoon Asia, and complement high-resolution speleothem sequences, which are only found in certain localities.  相似文献   

综合地理数据与MODIS物候特征的区域土地覆盖制图(英文)     

蔡红艳  张树文  卜坤  杨久春  常丽萍 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(4):705-718

The study developed a feasible method for large-area land cover mapping with combination of geographical data and phenological characteristics, taking Northeast China (NEC) as the study area. First, with the monthly average of precipitation and temperature datasets, the spatial clustering method was used to divide the NEC into four ecoclimate regions. For each ecoclimate region, geographical variables (annual mean precipitation and temperature, elevation, slope and aspect) were combined with phenological variables derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI)), which were taken as input variables of land cover classification. Decision Tree (DT) classifiers were then performed to produce land cover maps for each region. Finally, four resultant land cover maps were mosaicked for the entire NEC (NEC_MODIS), and the land use and land cover data of NEC (NEC_LULC) interpreted from Landsat-TM images was used to evaluate the NEC_MODIS and MODIS land cover product (MODIS_IGBP) in terms of areal and spatial agreement. The results showed that the phenological information derived from EVI and LSWI time series well discriminated land cover classes in NEC, and the overall accuracy was significantly improved by 5.29% with addition of geographical variables. Compared with NEC_LULC for seven aggregation classes, the area errors of NEC_MODIS were much smaller and more stable than that of MODIS_IGBP for most of classes, and the wall-to-wall spatial comparisons at pixel level indicated that NEC_MODIS agreed with NEC_LULC for 71.26% of the NEC, whereas only 62.16% for MODIS_IGBP. The good performance of NEC_MODIS demonstrates that the methodology developed in the study has great potential for timely and detailed land cover mapping in temperate and boreal regions.  相似文献   

西藏当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

伍倩  郑绵平  乜贞  卜令忠 《地质学报》2013,87(3):433-440

西藏当雄错盐湖位于藏北高原腹地西南侧,其水化学类型属典型的中度碳酸盐型,具有很好的工业开发前景和价值.自然蒸发是盐田日晒工艺的应用基础工作,本文基于室内卤水等温蒸发实验的相关结果,在当雄错湖区现场开展了盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发实验,通过考察碳酸盐型盐湖卤水在现场低温条件下自然蒸发过程中液相各元素的富集规律以及矿物的结晶析盐规律,分析了锂、硼、钾等元素的集散行为,并根据卤水蒸发过程中的元素富集、蒸失水量、盐类析出顺序、矿物组合以及物化性质的变化探索了盐类分离的控制条件.以Na+,K+/CO2-3,SO2-4,Cl--H2O五元体系(25℃)介稳相图为参考依据,绘制了当雄错盐湖卤水冬季日晒蒸发的结晶析盐路线.实验结果表明,当雄错盐湖卤水在冬季日晒蒸发过程中依次析出石盐、泡碱、天然碱、硼砂、钾石盐和扎布耶石,另有少量芒硝和泡碱等低温产物会提前析出或被母液夹带析出,利用冬季低温蒸发可制取富锂卤水,蒸发后期的母卤还可用于提取硼砂和钾石盐等矿物资源.实验结果为下一步开展盐田工程设计及制卤工艺操作提供了必要的基础数据,同时也为碳酸盐型盐湖卤水的综合利用和开发提供了理论支持.  相似文献   

2004年6月29日西安市突发性暴雨成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

井喜  薛凤英  艾丽华  刘慧敏  贺宇  朱雪峰 《山西气象》2005,(4):9-12

通过对鲁西南一次区域性大暴雨的分析表明:除有利的大尺度环流背景以外,超低空急流是大暴雨不稳定能量和水汽的主要输送带,高能级、大面积的不稳定能量的积累和补充,有利的物理量场的配置,构成了这次大暴雨过程的维持和增强。暴雨落区与超低空急流前部最大风速切变区的位置对应较好。  相似文献   

Geomorphology of sand dunes in the Northeast Taklimakan Desert   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Xunming Wang  Zhibao Dong  Jiawu Zhang  Guangting Chen 《Geomorphology》2002,42(3-4)

Three types of sand dunes exist in the Taklimakan Desert, namely compound/complex crescent dunes and crescent chains, compound dome dunes and compound/complex linear dunes. Besides these three compound/complex types, single simple dunes are also distributed throughout the sand sea. The compound/complex linear dunes are developed under acute bimodal wind regimes. Though the ratios of the resultant drift potential (RDP) and the drift potential (DP) are the same as that near the border and adjacent area of the sand sea, the compound/complex crescent and dome dunes are developed, respectively, because of divergence of the sand available, the stress of the sand-moving winds and the time scales of dune formation. The sand supply for the dunes is not from Lopo Nor in the east as previous studies suggested but mainly from local alluvial or lacustrine deposits. The grain size component does not correlate evidently to the morphology parameters of the sand dunes. Analyses of the DP and drift direction suggest that the northeast Taklimakan is an area of low wind energy and the resultant drift direction (RDD) coincides well with the distribution, morphology and scales of the dunes.  相似文献   

中巴地球资源卫星在辽东区域环境监测中的应用评价研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘玉机  胡远满  布仁仓  韩玺山 《测绘科学》2000,25(2):30-32

对中巴资源一号卫星 CCD传感器接收的辽宁省营口幅数据 ,从几何精度、空间分辨率、数据噪声等方面 ,进行了图像数据质量评价 ,认为从总体上讲 ,达到了设计要求 ,具有广阔的应用前景 ,同时指出 ,CCD传感器在稳定性和同一性方面尚需改进  相似文献