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131.
132.
Abstract Technology development and transfer is an important feature of both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol. Although the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) does not have an explicit technology transfer mandate, it may contribute to technology transfer by financing emission reduction projects using technologies currently not available in the host countries. This article analyses the claims about technology transfer made by CDM project participants in their project design documents. Roughly one-third of all CDM projects, accounting for almost two-thirds of the annual emission reductions, involve technology transfer. Technology transfer varies widely across project types and is more common for larger projects and projects with foreign participants. Equipment transfer is more common for larger projects, while smaller projects involve transfers of both equipment and knowledge or of knowledge alone. Technology transfer does not appear to be closely related to country size or per-capita GDP, but a host country can influence the extent of technology transfer involved in its CDM projects. 相似文献
133.
云南不同气候带极端气温变化趋势 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用1975-2008年云南6个气候代表站的最高气温、最低气温和平均气温资料,分析了气温序列的变化趋势,探讨了可能的形成原因.结果显示,各代表站的气温总体上呈上升趋势,但气温变化率的大小与其所处的气候带之间没有明显的规律性差异.代表高原气候的香格里拉站其气温增暖趋势最突出,代表北亚热带、中亚热带和南亚热带站点的气温与其有相似的变化趋势,主要表现为最低气温增温速率最大,平均气温次之,最高气温最小,而气温日较差(DTR:Differenceof Temperature Range)有明显减小趋势.温带和北热带代表站气温的变化则有不同的特征,温带的变化表现为最高气温显著上升,最低气温上升速率略小于平均气温的上升速率,DTR变化不显著;北热带的变化表现为平均气温增温速率最大,最低气温次之,最高气温最小,DTR变化不显著.对各站相对暖日、冷日、暖夜、冷夜和霜日的逐年统计分析表明,总体上云南的冷事件在减少,而暖事件增多. 相似文献
134.
135.
本文根据1978—1981年4年的流场,相当位温和湿度场资料讨论了夏季风年际变异与旱涝的关系,着重分析了1978—1980年3年南北半球低纬度700毫巴等压面流场来了解夏季风几支气流与旱涝的关系。 相似文献
136.
137.
Heating status of the Tibetan Plateau from April to June and rainfall and atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia in midsummer 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
DUAN Anmin LIU Yimin & WU Guoxiong State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(2):250-257
Based on the 1958-1999 monthly averaged reanalysis data of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the rainfall data of 160 Chinese surface stations, the relationship between rainfall and the atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia (EA) in July and the sensible heating (SH) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from April to June (AMJ) is investigated by using the rotational experimental orthogonal function (REOF) method. The results show that the TP is an isolated heating source in this period. The lagged correlation analysis between the first rotational principal component (RPC) of SH over the TP in May and rainfall of EA in July demonstrates that strong SH over the TP before July leads to a positive rainfall anomaly over the TP, the valley between the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and the regions south and southeast of the TP, and the Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, but less rainfall anomaly over the regions north, northeas 相似文献
138.
中国中、东部典型样区不同发展水平下土壤与土地利用多样性的对比分析(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two typical provincial capitals (Nanjing and Zhengzhou) and two counties (Rugao and Yuanyang) in east (Jiangsu Province) and central (Henan Province) China were chosen respectively as the developed and less developed comparative cases for pedodiversity and land use diversity correlative analysis by borrowing the recently better developed pedodiversity methodology. Land use classification was worked out using remote sensing images in three different periods (1986-1988, 2000-2001 and 2004-2006) for these studied case areas before the calculation of the constituent diversity index and spatial distribution diversity index modified after Shannon entropy in 2 km×2 km grid scale of the soil and land use pattern were conducted and then a connection index was proposed to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity. Results show that during the years from 1986 to 2006, the composition and spatial distribution of regional land use pattern had changed greatly. The agricultural land area of all the studied case areas decreased obviously in which Nanjing has the highest decrement of 895.98 km 2 mainly into urban use while the other land use type area changes show the same trend. The connection index of four typical soil family types and typical urban land use types, i.e., urban construction land, transportation land and industrial and mining area all increased in this period. In the studied case areas, there is the highest soil constituent diversity in Zhengzhou at 0.779 while the simplest soil constituent diversity in Rugao at 0.582. Meanwhile we have higher land use diversity in the more urbanized Jiangsu Province than Henan Province, Nanjing is ranking the first that has been getting higher and higher in the three periods at 0.366 in 1986-1988, 0.483 in 2000-2001 and 0.545 in 2004-2006. Finally, the connection index figures to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity of the studied areas were compared to show the similar phenomenon that this figure grows fastest in Nanjing followed by Zhengzhou and other places. 相似文献
139.
XiaoYing M Chao Li AiDong Wang RuiJun Duan GenLin Jiao Eviatar Nevo GuoXiong Chen 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(6):0453-0461
Wild barley (Hordeum vulgare spp. spontaneum) is the undisputed progenitor of cultivated barley and offers considerable potential
as a genetic resource for barley improvement. Naturally occurring populations are distributed primarily across the Fertile
Crescent, but secondary areas of diversity are also found in central Asia and Tibet. The pattern of its genetic diversity is
non-random, and is structured on a global, regional and local scale. On a global scale, diversity follows ecogeography, while on a
regional and local scale, it is more strongly determined by ecology. Populations growing in areas where the climate is unreliable
and/or the soil is heterogeneous tend to retain the most diversity. A large number of accessions are currently conserved ex situ, but
a high proportion of these have originated from the Fertile Crescent. Given the likelihood of future climate change, conserving
germplasm both in situ and ex situ in the various regions where the species’ currently existing is a research priority. The value of H.
vulgare spp. spontaneum for the improvement of cultivated barley lies largely in its potential contribution to the levels of attainable
pathogen resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. 相似文献
140.
段均泽 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(6):61-64
利用新疆101个气象观测站点逐月降水实况资料和2001~2010年国家动力气候模式产品,进行月动力延伸预报产品的应用预测检验。采用PS评分和同号率对内插预测结果进行效果评估,并与业务评分进行对比。结果表明:月动力延伸预报产品对新疆地区月降水趋势预测Ps评分高于业务评分,而对各月降水距平百分率的同号率差异较大。夏、秋季Ps评分较高,冬、春季PS评分较低,季节转换时预测Ps评分变率较大。 相似文献