The Canopy and Aerosol Particles Interactions in TOulouse Urban Layer (CAPITOUL) experiment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. Masson  L. Gomes  G. Pigeon  C. Liousse  V. Pont  J.-P. Lagouarde  J. Voogt  J. Salmond  T. R. Oke  J. Hidalgo  D. Legain  O. Garrouste  C. Lac  O. Connan  X. Briottet  S. Lachérade  P. Tulet 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2008,102(3-4):135-157

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Development of regional future climate change scenarios in South America using the Eta CPTEC/HadCM3 climate change projections: climatology and regional analyses for the Amazon, S?o Francisco and the Paraná River basins     

Jose A. Marengo  Sin Chan Chou  Gillian Kay  Lincoln M. Alves  José F. Pesquero  Wagner R. Soares  Daniel C. Santos  André A. Lyra  Gustavo Sueiro  Richard Betts  Diego J. Chagas  Jorge L. Gomes  Josiane F. Bustamante  Priscila Tavares 《Climate Dynamics》2012,38(9-10):1829-1848

The objective of this study is to assess the climate projections over South America using the Eta-CPTEC regional model driven by four members of an ensemble of the Met Office Hadley Centre Global Coupled climate model HadCM3. The global model ensemble was run over the twenty-first century according to the SRES A1B emissions scenario, but with each member having a different climate sensitivity. The four members selected to drive the Eta-CPTEC model span the sensitivity range in the global model ensemble. The Eta-CPTEC model nested in these lateral boundary conditions was configured with a 40-km grid size and was run over 1961–1990 to represent baseline climate, and 2011–2100 to simulate possible future changes. Results presented here focus on austral summer and winter climate of 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 periods, for South America and for three major river basins in Brazil. Projections of changes in upper and low-level circulation and the mean sea level pressure (SLP) fields simulate a pattern of weakening of the tropical circulation and strengthening of the subtropical circulation, marked by intensification at the surface of the Chaco Low and the subtropical highs. Strong warming (4–6°C) of continental South America increases the temperature gradient between continental South America and the South Atlantic. This leads to stronger SLP gradients between continent and oceans, and to changes in moisture transport and rainfall. Large rainfall reductions are simulated in Amazonia and Northeast Brazil (reaching up to 40%), and rainfall increases around the northern coast of Peru and Ecuador and in southeastern South America, reaching up to 30% in northern Argentina. All changes are more intense after 2040. The Precipitation–Evaporation (P–E) difference in the A1B downscaled scenario suggest water deficits and river runoff reductions in the eastern Amazon and S?o Francisco Basin, making these regions susceptible to drier conditions and droughts in the future.  相似文献   

U–Pb ages,geochemistry, C–O–Nd–Sr–Hf isotopes and petrogenesis of the Catalão II carbonatitic complex (Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province,Brazil): implications for regional-scale heterogeneities in the Brazilian carbonatite associations     

Guarino  Vincenza  Wu  Fu-Yuan  Melluso  Leone  de Barros Gomes  Celso  Tassinari  Colombo Celso Gaeta  Ruberti  Excelso  Brilli  Mauro 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(6):1963-1989

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The Catalão II carbonatitic complex is part of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province (APIP), central Brazil, close to the Catalão I complex....  相似文献   

Protection areas of the São Pedro do Sul Spa, Portugal     

L. M. Ferreira Gomes  F. J. Afonso De Albuquerque  H. Fresco 《Engineering Geology》2001,60(1-4):341-345

This paper presents a case study of the protection areas of one of the Portugal's most important spas. According to its chemical composition this thermal mineral water is rich in bicarbonate, sodium, carbonate, fluor and sulfate. The therapeutic indications are mainly illnesses related to rheumatism and respiratory system. As a complement the thermal mineral water is also used for geothermal purposes, as in the heating of greenhouses for the production of Bananas and Ananas. The study presents geological and hydrogeological characterization of the area and its vulnerability to pollution and the physical and chemical characterization of the thermal mineral water. Finally, in accordance with the Portuguese legislation, the protection areas are defined: for immediate, intermediate and distant zones. The criteria and other aspects that led to their definition are also presented.  相似文献   

Eutrophication and some European waters of restricted exchange   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul Tett  Linda Gilpin  Harald Svendsen  Carina P. Erlandsson  Ulf Larsson  Susanne Kratzer  Eric Fouilland  Carol Janzen  Jae-Young Lee  Christian Grenz  Alice Newton  Joo Gomes Ferreira  Teresa Fernandes  Serge Scory 《Continental Shelf Research》2003,23(17-19):1635

Regions of Restricted Exchange (RREs) are an important feature of the European coastline. They are historically preferred sites for human settlement and aquaculture and their ecosystems, and consequent human use, may be at risk from eutrophication. The OAERRE project (EVK3-CT1999-0002) concerns ‘Oceanographic Applications to Eutrophication in Regions of Restricted Exchange’. It began in July 2000, and studies six sites. Four of these sites are fjords: Kongsfjorden (west coast of Spitzbergen); Gullmaren (Skagerrak coast of Sweden); Himmerfjärden (Baltic coast of Sweden); and the Firth of Clyde (west coast of Scotland). Two are bays sheltered by sand bars: Golfe de Fos (French Mediterranean); and Ria Formosa (Portuguese Algarve). Together they exemplify a range of hydrographic and enrichment conditions. The project aims to understand the physical, biogeochemical and biological processes, and their interactions, that determine the trophic status of these coastal marine RRE through the development of simple screening models to define, predict and assess eutrophication. This paper introduces the sites and describes the component parts of a basic screening model and its application to each site using historical data. The model forms the starting point for the OAERRE project and views an RRE as a well-mixed box, exchanging with the sea at a daily rate E determined by physical processes, and converting nutrient to phytoplankton chlorophyll at a fixed yield q. It thus uses nutrient levels to estimate maximum biomass; these preliminary results are discussed in relation to objective criteria used to assess trophic status. The influence of factors such as grazing and vertical mixing on key parameters in the screening model are further studied using simulations of a complex ‘research’ model for the Firth of Clyde. The future development of screening models in general and within OAERRE in particular is discussed. In addition, the paper looks ahead with a broad discussion of progress in the scientific understanding of eutrophication and the legal and socio-economic issues that need to be taken into account in managing the trophic status of RREs.  相似文献   

Ground-Based and Airborne Measurements of Nonmethane Hydrocarbons in BERLIOZ: Analysis and Selected Results     

J. Winkler  P. Blank  K. Glaser  J. A. G. Gomes  M. Habram  C. Jambert  W. Jaeschke  S. Konrad  R. Kurtenbach  P. Lenschow  J. C. Lörzer  P. E. Perros  M. Pesch  H. J. Prümke  B. Rappenglück  Th. Schmitz  F. Slemr  A. Volz-Thomas  B. Wickert 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2002,42(1):465-492

During the Berlin Ozone Experiment BERLIOZ in July–August 1998 quasi-continuous measurements ofC₂–C₁₂ nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were carried out at 10 sites in and around the city of Berlin using on-line gas-chromatographic systems (GCs) with a temporal resolution of 20–120 minutes. Additional airborne NMHCmeasurements were made using canister sampling on three aircraft and an on-line GC system on a fourth aircraft. The ground based data are analyzed to characterize the different sites and to identify the influence of emissions from Berlin on its surroundings. Benzene mixing ratios at the 4 rural sites were rather low (<0.5 ppbv). Berlin (and the surrounding highway ring) was identified as the main source of anthropogenic NMHCs at Eichstädt and Blossin, whilst other sources were important at the furthermost site Menz. The median toluene/benzene concentration ratio in Berlin was 2.3 ppbv/ppbv, agreeing well with measurements in other German cities. As expected, the ratios at the background sites decreased with increasing distance to Berlin and were usually around one or below. On 20 and 21 July, the three northwesterly sites were situated downwind of Berlin and thus were influenced by its emissions. Considering the distance between the sites and the windspeed, the city plume was observed at reasonable time scales, showing decreasing toluene/benzene ratios of 2.3, 1.6 and 1.3 with increasing distance from Berlin. Isoprene was the only biogenic NMHC measured at BERLIOZ. It was themost abundant compound at the background sites on the hotter days, dominating the local NMHC reactivity with averaged contributions to the total OH loss rate of 51% and 70% at Pabstthum and Blossin, respectively. Emissionratios (relative to CO and to the sum of analysed NMHCs) were derived from airborne measurements. The comparison with an emission inventory suggests traffic-related emissions to be the predominating source of the considered hydrocarbon species. Problems were identified with the emission inventory for propane, ethene and pentanes.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of coexisting SiO₂-undersaturated to SiO₂-oversaturated felsic igneous rocks: The alkaline complex of Itatiaia, southeastern Brazil     

P. Brotzu  C.B. Gomes  L. Melluso  L. Morbidelli  V. Morra  E. Ruberti 《Lithos》1997,40(2-4):133-156

The Itatiaia alkaline complex is a Late Cretaceous intrusion (72 Myr) made up of felsic differentiates, with syenitic rocks dominant throughout and with presence of both nepheline- and quartz-rich varieties. Dykes with phonolitic or trachytic composition cross-cut the coarse-grained facies. The rocks are arranged concentrically, with the core of the complex being formed by SiO₂-oversaturated syenites (with a small outcrop of granites), and are radially displaced by faults related to regional tectonic lineaments. The minerals show gradual but significant changes in composition (salitic and augitic to aegirine-rich pyroxenes, hastingsite and actinolite to richterite and arfvedsonite amphiboles, sodic plagioclase to orthoclase feldspars and so on) and the whole-rock trends are broadly consistent with fractional crystallization processes dominated by alkali feldspar removal. Sr-isotopic data indicate more radiogenic ratios for the SiO₂-oversaturated rocks (0.7062-0.7067 against 0.7048-0.7054 for the SiO₂-undersaturated syenites), consistent with small amounts of crustal input. The favored hypothesis for the petrogenesis of the different syenitic groups is the prolonged differentiation starting from differently SiO₂-undersaturated mafic parental magmas (potassic alkali basalts to ankaratrites, present in the Late Cretaceous dyke swarms of the area), accompanied by variable crustal contamination prior to the final emplacement. The lack of carbonatite as a significant lithotype, the potassic affinity of the Itatiaia complex, and the relatively high Sr-isotopic ratios match the characteristics of the other complexes of the Rio de Janeiro-Sa˜o Paulo states coastline and confirm the ultimate derivation of these differentiated rocks from an enriched lithospheric mantle source.  相似文献   

On the tectonics of the Neocomian Rio do Peixe Rift Basin, NE Brazil: Lessons from gravity, magnetics, and radiometric data     

David Lopes de Castro  Digenes Custdio de Oliveira  Raimundo Mariano Gomes Castelo Branco 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2007,24(2-4):184-202

A geophysical perspective based on well-acquired gravity, magnetic, and radiometric data provides good insights into the basin architectural elements and tectonic evolution of the Rio do Peixe Basin (RPB), an Early Cretaceous intracontinental basin in the northeast Brazilian rift system, which developed during the opening of the South Atlantic. NW–SE-trending extensional forces acting over an intensively deformed Precambrian basement yielded a composite basin architecture strongly controlled by preexisting, mechanically weak fault zones in the upper crust. Reactivated NE–SW and E–W ductile shear zones of Brasiliano age (0.6 Ga) divided the RPB into three asymmetrical half-grabens (Brejo das Freiras, Sousa, and Pombal subbasins), separated by basement highs of granite bodies that seem to anchor and distinguish the mechanical subsidence of the subbasins. Radiometric and geopotential field data highlight the relationship between the tectonic stress field and the role of a preexisting structural framework inserted in the final rift geometry. The up-to-2000 m thick half-grabens are sequentially located at the inflexion of sigmoidal-shaped shear zones and acquire a typical NE–SW-oriented elliptic shape. The Sousa Subbasin is the single exception. Because of its uncommon E–W elongated form, three-dimensional gravity modeling reveals an E–W axis of depocenters within the Sousa Subbasin framework, in which the eastern shoulders are controlled by NE–SW-trending faults. These faults belong to the Precambrian structural fabric, as is well illustrated by the gamma ray and magnetic signatures of the basement grain. Release faults were identified nearly perpendicular or oblique to master faults, forming marginal strike ramps and horst structures in all subbasins. The emplacement mechanism of Brasiliano granites around the RPB was partially oriented by the same structural framework, as is indicated by the gravity signature of the granitic bodies after removal of the gravity effect of the basin-filling deposits. The RPB major-fault occurrence along the releasing bend of a strong discontinuity – the so-called Portalegre Shear Zone – in addition to the configuration of a gentle crustal thinning, according to gravity field studies, suggests that a crustal discontinuity governs the nucleation of the RPB, followed probably by small displacement in deep crustal levels accommodating low-rate stretching during basin subsidence.  相似文献   

Anisotropic Mesh Adaptivity and Control Volume Finite Element Methods for Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow in Porous Media   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Peyman Mostaghimi  James R. Percival  Dimitrios Pavlidis  Richard J. Ferrier  Jefferson L. M. A. Gomes  Gerard J. Gorman  Matthew D. Jackson  Stephen J. Neethling  Christopher C. Pain 《Mathematical Geosciences》2015,47(4):417-440

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STUDIES OF BRAZILIAN METEORITES XIV. MINERALOGY,PETROLOGY, AND CHEMISTRY OF THE CONQUISTA,MINAS GERAIS,CHONDRITE     

K. Keil  E. Kirchner  C.B. Gomes  E. Jarosewich  R.L.L. Murta 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1978,13(2):177-187

The Conquista chondrite consists of major olivine, low-Ca pyroxene (both ortho- and twinned clino-), troilite and metallic nickel-iron; minor glassy to microcrystalline material and pigeonite; and accessory chromite, high-Ca clinopyroxene and hydrous ferric oxides that formed by terrestrial weathering of metallic nickel-iron. Results of microscopic, electron microprobe, and bulk chemical studies, particularly the compositions of olivine (Fa_17.2) and low-Ca pyroxene (Fs_15.4); the contents of metallic nickel-iron (18.5%) and total iron (25.83%); and the ratios of Fe°/Fe_total (0.64), Fe°/Ni° (9.59) and Fe_total/SiO₂ (0.69) indicate H-group classification. The pronounced, well-developed chondritic texture; the slight compositional variations in constituent phases; the high Ca contents of pyroxene and the presence of pigeonite, glassy to microcrystalline interstitial material rich in alkalis and SiO₂, and of twinned low-Ca clinopyroxene suggest that Conquista is of petrologic type 4.  相似文献