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91.
Quantifying groundwater–surface water interactions in a proglacial valley,Cordillera Blanca,Peru 下载免费PDF全文
Lauren D. Somers Ryan P. Gordon Jeffrey M. McKenzie Laura K. Lautz Oliver Wigmore AnneMarie Glose Robin Glas Caroline Aubry‐Wake Bryan Mark Michel Baraer Thomas Condom 《水文研究》2016,30(17):2915-2929
A myriad of downstream communities and industries rely on streams fed by both groundwater discharge and glacier meltwater draining the Cordillera Blanca, Northern Peruvian Andes, which contains the highest density of glaciers in the tropics. During the dry season, approximately half the discharge in the region's proglacial streams comes from groundwater. However, because of the remote and difficult access to the region, there are few field methods that are effective at the reach scale to identify the spatial distribution of groundwater discharge. An energy balance model, Rhodamine WT dye tracing, and high‐definition kite‐borne imagery were used to determine gross and net groundwater inputs to a 4‐km reach of the Quilcay River in Huascaran National Park, Peru. The HFLUX computer programme ( http://hydrology.syr.edu/hflux.html ) was used to simulate the Quilcay River's energy balance using stream temperature observations, meteorological measurements, and kite‐borne areal photography. Inference from the model indicates 29% of stream discharge at the reach outlet was contributed by groundwater discharge over the study section. Rhodamine WT dye tracing results, coupled with the energy balance, show that approximately 49% of stream water is exchanged (no net gain) with the subsurface as gross gains and losses. The results suggest that gross gains from groundwater are largest in a moraine subreach but because of large gross losses, net gains are larger in the meadow subreaches. These insights into pathways of groundwater–surface water interaction can be applied to improve hydrological modelling in proglacial catchments throughout South America. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Caroline Kivimäe Richard G.J. Bellerby Agneta Fransson Marit Reigstad Truls Johannessen 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(12):1532-1542
The first carbon budget constructed for the Barents Sea to study the fluxes of carbon into, out of, and within the region is presented. The budget is based on modelled volume flows, measured dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration, and literature values for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations. The results of the budget show that ~5600±660×106 t C yr?1 is exchanged through the boundaries of the Barents Sea. If a 40% uncertainty in the volume flows is included in the error calculation it resulted in a total uncertainty of ±1600×106 t C yr?1. The largest part of the total budget flux consists of DIC advection (~95% of the inflow and ~97% of the outflow). The other sources and sinks are, in order of importance, advection of organic carbon (DOC+POC; ~3% of both in- and outflow), total uptake of atmospheric CO2 (~1% of the inflow), river and land sources (~0.2% of the inflow), and burial of organic carbon in the sediments (~0.2% of the outflow). The Barents Sea is a net exporter of carbon to the Arctic Ocean; the net DIC export is ~2500±660×106 t C yr?1 of which ~1700±650×106 t C yr?1 (~70%) is in subsurface water masses and thus sequestered from the atmosphere. The net total organic carbon export to the Arctic Ocean is ~80±20×106 t C yr?1. Shelf pumping in the Barents Sea results in an uptake of ~22±11×106 t C yr?1 from the atmosphere which is exported out of the area in the dense modified Atlantic Waters. The main part of this carbon was channelled through export production (~16±10×106 t C yr?1). 相似文献
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Meena Sansar Raj Soares Lucas Pedrosa Grohmann Carlos H. van Westen Cees Bhuyan Kushanav Singh Ramesh P. Floris Mario Catani Filippo 《Landslides》2022,19(5):1209-1229
Landslides - Event-based landslide inventories are essential sources to broaden our understanding of the causal relationship between triggering events and the occurring landslides. Moreover,... 相似文献
95.
Soares Wilson Cartaxo Coutinho Roberto Quental da Cunha Renato Pinto 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(8):5599-5618
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Hollow auger piles are a new solution technique being used more often in recent years as a foundation for buildings of 15 floors or less in the coastal... 相似文献
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Quintaneiro C Monteiro M Pastorinho R Soares AM Nogueira AJ Morgado F Guilhermino L 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(11):1406-1413
The degradation of estuaries is a result of human activities which overloads the environment with substances of both industrial and/or natural origins. Bioindicators have been consistently used to interpret effects of contaminants in the environment. In this study, the use of biomarkers (particular measurable characteristics of a bioindicator organism) was used to evaluate the contamination by xenobiotics of Crangon crangon natural populations. The central aim was to evaluate the capability of a battery of biomarkers to discriminate sites with different types of contamination. The activity of the enzymes cholinesterases (ChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were used as biomarkers. In addition, the ChE form(s) present in the cephalotorax of C. crangon were characterised. Organisms were seasonally sampled from winter 2001/2002 to autumn of 2002, at "reference" sites and at sites that receive agricultural, industrial and/or urban effluents. Results obtained in the characterisation of ChE with different substrates and selective inhibitors demonstrate that the form of ChE present in the cephalotorax of C. crangon shows proprieties of vertebrates' AChE and therefore it may be classified as true AChE-like ChE. The battery of biomarkers exhibited seasonal and local variations, apparently related to agricultural, industrial or urban effluent contamination. The tested biomarkers proved to be able to discriminate sources of environmental contamination, and confirms C. crangon as a sensitive species suitable to be used as a bioindicator. 相似文献
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Michael K. Weisberg Caroline Smith Gretchen Benedix Christopher D. K. Herd Kevin Righter Henning Haack Akira Yamaguchi Hasnaa Chennaoui Aoudjehane Jeffrey N. Grossman 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2009,44(9):1355-1397
Abstract— The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 96 contains a total of 1590 newly approved meteorite names with their relevant data. These include 12 from specific locations within Africa, 76 from northwest Africa, 9 from the Americas, 13 from Asia, 1 from Australia, 2 from Europe, 950 from Antarctica recovered by the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE), and 527 from the American Antarctic program (ANSMET). Among these meteorites are 4 falls, Almahata Sitta (Sudan), Sulagiri (India), Ash Creek (United States), and Maribo (Denmark). Almahata Sitta is an anomalous ureilite and is debris from asteroid 2008 TC3 and Maribo is a CM2 chondrite. Other highlights include a lunar meteorite, a CM1 chondrite, and an anomalous IVA iron. 相似文献
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Michael K. WEISBERG Caroline SMITH Gretchen BENEDIX Christopher D. K. HERD Kevin RIGHTER Henning HAACK Akira YAMAGUCHI Hasnaa CHENNAOUI AOUDJEHANE Jeffrey N. GROSSMAN 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2010,45(3):449-493
Abstract– In this edition of The Meteoritical Bulletin, a total of 506 newly approved meteorite names with their relevant data are reported. These include 354 from northwest Africa, 31 from the Americas, 15 from Antarctica (Koreamet), 85 from Asia, 20 from Australia, and 1 from Europe. Among these meteorites are 2 falls, Grimsby (Canada) and Santa Lucia (2008) (Argentina). Also described are a CM with low degree of alteration, new ungrouped chondrites and achondrites, and 4 Martian meteorites. 相似文献