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21.
22.
Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) development studied at six constant temperatures, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 33 ±1 °C on rice plants revealed that developmental period from egg hatching to adult longevity decreased from 46.8 to 18.4 days as temperature increased from 19 to 31 °C. Through regression of development rate on temperature, thermal constant of small nymph (1st-2nd instar), large nymph (3rd–5th instar) and adult were determined to be 126.6, 140.8 and 161.3 degree days (DD), respectively with corresponding development threshold being 8.8, 9.5 and 9.6 °C. A thermal constant-based mechanistic-hemimetabolous-population model was adapted for BPH and linked with InfoCrop, a crop simulation model to simulate climate change impact on both the pest population and crop-pest interactions. The model was validated with field data at New Delhi and Aduthurai (Tamil Nadu, India), (R 2?=?0.96, RMSE?=?1.87 %). Climate-change-impact assessment through coupled BPH-InfoCrop model, in the light of the projected climate-change scenario for Indian subcontinent, showed a decline of 3.5 and 9.3–14 % in the BPH population by 2020 and 2050, respectively, during the rainy season at New Delhi, while the pest population exhibited only a small decline of 2.1–3.5 % during the winter at Aduthurai by 2050. BPH population decline is attributed to reduction in fecundity and survival by simulation model, which otherwise was not possible to account for with an empirical model. Concomitant to its population decline, BPH-induced yield loss also indicated a declining trend with temperature rise. However, the study considered the effect of only CO2 and temperature rise on the BPH population and crop yield, and not that of probable changes in feeding rate and adaptive capacity of the pest. 相似文献
23.
Ramesh Chander Kapoor 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,95(2):425-429
Shklovsky (1982) has hypothesized escape of accreting supermassive black holes from galactic nuclei as a consequence of asymmetric ejection of plasma clouds from their accretion disks and their subsequent defunction for explaining evolutionary effects in quasars. It has been argued here that such an interpretation must accomodate the possibility of substantial capture of stars and gas by the black hole on its way out-which can prolong the life of the quasar-unless the mass of the black hole is less than ~107 M ⊙ and a large enough initial recoil velocity is achieved. 相似文献
24.
Chemometric analysis to infer hydro-geochemical processes in a semi-arid region of India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chander Kumar Singh Satyanarayan Shashtri Kumari Rina Saumitra Mukherjee 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(8):2915-2932
Groundwater exploitation in Punjab has increased in last few decades due to rapid increase in industrialization, population, crop production, and erratic monsoon. In the present study, groundwater samples from 29 locations were collected and analyzed for almost all major anions, cations, and heavy metals. The analyzed parameters formed the attribute database for statistical analysis. The study approach included multivariate statistical analysis of hydro-chemical data to identify hydro-geochemical processes occurring in the study area and its relation to groundwater quality. The principal component analysis produced seven significant factors that explained nearly 77 % of the cumulative variance. Factor 1 explained nearly 22.05 % of dataset with variables loading indicating mineralization of geological component of soil. Trilinear plot and other graphical methods were also used to identify chemical facies of groundwater and geochemical processes occurring in study area. The water type in the study area is of Na/K–Mg–HCO3 type. It was found that the general hydro-geochemistry of groundwater in the study area dominated is by the processes such as carbonate/silicate weathering, ion-exchange, and dissolution. Thus, statistical methods can prove to be an effective tool understanding hydro-geochemistry of a region along with conventional graphical methods. 相似文献
25.
Fareeduddin I. R. Kirmani Suresh Chander 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,80(1):5-38
The Salumber-Ghatol belt in Rajasthan, India, situated along southern margin of the Aravalli Craton, hosts a cluster of Cu-Au deposits in calcitic and dolomitic marbles that belong to Debari Group of the Paleo-mesoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup. The Fe-Mn rich dolomitic marble of the Delwara Formation hosts Cu-Au-Fe-oxide mineralization at Ghagri and associated distal K-Fe-Mg rich altered rocks (cryptocrystalline microcline + magnesioriebeckite + magnetite + phlogopite) and proximal feldspathised carbonate rocks (medium grained albite + microcline + dolomite + magnetite). The calcitic marble of Mukandpura Formation hosts Dugocha Cu-Au deposit with development of distal graphitetourmaline-bearing albitites and proximal albite-microcline-magnetite rocks. Calcite and dolomite carbonates of Bhukia region with development of albite-actinolite-bearing alteration assemblages host the largest of the Cu-Au deposits in this belt. The second generation folds and associated ductile-brittle shear zones of the multiply deformed events constitute conduits for the mineralizing fluids at all locations in this belt. 相似文献
26.
Outburst susceptibility assessment of moraine‐dammed lakes in Western Himalaya using an analytic hierarchy process 下载免费PDF全文
Glacier retreat results in the formation and expansion, and sometimes outburst, of moraine‐dammed lakes worldwide. Sudden outburst floods from such lakes have caused enormous damage to settlements and infrastructure located downstream. Such lakes located in the Himalayan region are highly prone to outburst floods due to climatic conditions and geotectonic settings. In this study, multi‐temporal Landsat images from 2002–2014, digital elevation models (DEMs), geomorphic analysis and modelling were used to assess the changes in glacial lakes and the outburst susceptibility of moraine‐dammed lakes in the Chandra–Bhaga basin of the north‐western Indian Himalaya. An inventory of lakes was developed using satellite data, thematic maps and ground‐based investigations for the Chandra–Bhaga basin. The total area of all glacial lakes (size >5000 m2) increased by 47% from 2002 to 2014, with a pronounced increase of 57% for moraine‐dammed lakes. Sixteen moraine‐dammed lakes were identified and assessed for outburst susceptibility using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Forty‐one reported glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events from moraine‐dammed lakes in Himalayan regions were analysed, culminating in the identification of 11 critical factors for assessing outburst susceptibility using the AHP, including those related to the lake area and change, surrounding terrain characteristics, dam geometry, regional seismicity and rainfall history. The past three GLOF events in the Himalayan region were used to validate the method and to classify moraine‐dammed lakes as having very high, high, medium or low outburst susceptibility. Eight lakes classified as very high and high outburst susceptibility should be further investigated in detail. The proposed AHP‐based approach is suitable for first‐order identification of critical lakes for prioritising future detailed investigation and monitoring of moraine‐dammed glacial lakes in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
27.
Remote sensing measurements in coral reef environments commonly confront the problem of overlying atmosphere and modification of spectral signal due to water column over the bottom substrates. In order to correct these problems, hyperspectral observations offer an advantage over multispectral observations. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data from Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer- Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) sensor was acquired during low tidal condition on 14 February 2016 at Pirotan reef, Gulf of Kachchh region, India. The objective of this study is to map benthic coverage and bottom topography over Pirotan reef. The methodology involved atmospheric correction, simultaneous retrieval of water parameters, bathymetry, water column correction and mapping. Atmospheric correction was performed by removing path radiance and aerosol contribution and dividing by atmospheric transmittance and incoming solar irradiance to obtain remote sensing reflectance. Model derived error minimization technique was used for simultaneous retrieval of water parameters and bathymetry. Derived water parameters were used to account for water column attenuation and retrieve concomitant true bottom signature. 相似文献
28.
Study of hyper-spectral behaviour of snow is important to interpret, analyse and validate optical remote sensing observations. To map and understand response of snow-mixed pixels in RS data, field experiments were conducted for linear mixing of external materials (i.e. Vegetation, Soil) with snow, using spectral-radiometer (350–2500 nm). Further, systematic non-linear mixing of snow contaminants (soil, coal, ash) in terms of size and concentration of contaminants is analysed to imitate and understand spectral response of actual field scenarios. Sensitivity of band indices along with absorption peak characteristics provide clues to discriminate the type of contaminants. SWIR region is found to be useful for discriminating size of external contaminants in snow e.g. Avalanche deposited snow from light contaminated forms. Present research provide inputs for mapping snow-mixed pixels in medium/coarse resolution remote sensing RS data (in terms of linear mixing) and suitable wavelength selections for identification and discriminating type/size of snow contaminants (in terms of non-linear mixing). 相似文献
29.
Integrating multivariate statistical analysis with GIS for geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Shiwaliks of Punjab,India 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Chander Kumar Singh Satyanarayan Shashtri Saumitra Mukherjee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(7):1387-1405
The dependency of people on groundwater has increased in the past few decades due to tremendous increase in crop production,
population and industrialization. Groundwater is the main source of irrigation in Shiwaliks of Punjab. In the present study
the samples were collected from predetermined location as was located on satellite image on basis of spectral reflectance.
Global positioning system was used to collect samples from specific locations. Principal components analysis (PCA) together
with other factor analysis procedures consolidate a large number of observed variables into a smaller number of factors that
can be more readily interpreted. In the present study, concentrations of different constituents were correlated based on underlying
physical and chemical processes such as dissociation, ion exchange, weathering or carbonate equilibrium reactions. The PCA
produced six significant components that explained 78% of the cumulative variance. The concentration of the few trace metals
was found to be much higher indicating recharge due to precipitation as main transport mechanism of transport of heavy metals
in groundwater which is also confirmed by PCA. Piper and other graphical methods were used to identify geochemical facies
of groundwater samples and geochemical processes occurring in study area. The water in the study area has temporary hardness
and is mainly of Ca–Mg–HCO3 type. 相似文献
30.