2011年10月大气环流和天气分析     

蒋星 《气象》2012,38(1):118-122

2011年10月大气环流主要特征如下：极涡呈偶极型分布,中心分别位于格陵兰岛北部和亚洲北部,位于格陵兰岛的中心比常年略偏强。中高纬度地区环流呈现4波型分布,大西洋中部和太平洋东部大槽的强度略偏强,东欧槽和东亚槽比常年偏弱。南支槽大约位于90。E附近略偏西,与多年平均位置一致,强度略偏强。副热带高压强度接近常年同期。2011年10月全国平均气温为10.6℃,较常年偏高1.0℃。全国平均降水量为38.7 mm,较常年同期偏多1.7 mm。月内出现4次较强降水过程、2次较强冷空气过程和3次大雾天气过程。  相似文献   

高频地波雷达风速反演经验模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李伦  吴雄斌  徐兴安  刘斌 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(9):1096-1099

通过分析高频地波雷达所在探测海域内浮标观测的有效波高和风速数据,建立了海面风速与有效波高的经验模型。利用二范数最小方法对该模型的参数进行估计,实验结果表明了该模型的稳定性。将所提模型应用到高频地波雷达OSMAR071数据处理中,6个月数据连续反演结果与浮标给出的风速吻合度高,表明了该风速反演经验模型的有效性。  相似文献   

长链烷基二醇在海洋环境重建中的研究进展     

侯笛  张俊杰  邢磊  周阳 《地球科学进展》2019,(2):140-147

长链烷基二醇类化合物(Long-chain alkyl diols)是指在碳链的1号位置和链中位置连接有羟基基团的类脂化合物,普遍存在于海洋、河流和湖泊环境中。由于这类化合物分布广泛、性质稳定不易降解、且检测手段较为简单,因此具有作为生物标志物的潜力,在生物地球化学领域引起了广泛的研究和关注。关于其生物来源尚未有定论,但是研究发现1,13-diols和1,15-diols可能主要来自真眼点藻,而14-diols主要来自硅藻Proboscia。目前根据长链烷基二醇建立的指标包括:硅藻生产力、上升流强度、盐度、温度、河流输入和表层海水营养盐浓度等,对古环境气候的重建有着重要的意义。归纳总结了目前长链烷基二醇指标的研究和应用进展,这有助于未来我国边缘海长链烷基二醇来源以及二醇指标的深入研究。  相似文献   

Simulation Study on the Impact of Taihang Mountain Slopes on Downhill Front Cyclone Rainstorm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jianhong Wang  Meng Zhang  Shuyuan Ren  Xing Wang  Chunsheng Miao 《地球科学进展》2019,34(7):717-730

The statistical and diagnostic analysis of precipitation in Hebei Province in the past six years shows that the mid-south of the North China Plain on the east side of the Taihang Mountains is an area of frequent rainstorm disasters in summer. The rain belt is mostly distributed along the Taihang Mountains, and the rainfall is often over 700mm. Focus was on the summer downhill frontal Yellow River cyclone, which accounted for 20% of the 73 storm days in the statistical samples. The analysis of the typical frontal cyclone heavy rain in 2016 shows that the meridional distribution of the Taihang Mountains cooperates with the climbing mountain jet in the north of the cyclone and the southward flow in the west of the cyclone, leading to the formation of a deep narrow cold temperature trough along the mountain orientation. It enhances the temperature gradient in the frontal cyclone, enhances the baroclinicity of the cyclone and the intensity of the rotating wind, resulting in augmentation of the cyclone and slowing of the eastward movement. Through the cooperation of the entanglement of the cyclone jet and the mountain block, a deep and abundant water vapor environment is formed, and the moving westward of water vapor flux and the low-level water vapor main body are hindered; The high-energy tongue convection instability on the eastern side of the mountain range is formed, a strong uplift with abundant water vapor masses is triggered, and three critical areas of vertical motion occurred, which restricts the rainstorm locations. Numerical experiments on the mechanism of the influence of the slope of the Taihang Mountains on heavy rain show that the downhill rainstorm area is parallel to the mountain range, and the meridional mountain range can cause a greater range of heavy precipitation. It is also easy to cause double frontal precipitation locally by a same cyclonic warm front and cold front, resulting in a long duration of heavy rain. The slope of the mountain is proportional to the intensity of the mountain block and forms the wet convection instability with the dry at lower and wet at upper overlapping on a thermal instability of the front zone with cold at lower and warm at upper, such as the total instability is stronger. The slope of the mountain is proportional to the increase and maintenance time of the cyclone decompression during downhill. It is inversely proportional to the decline to the North China Plain, which affects the path and speed of the cyclone eastward movement.  相似文献   

Application and Verification of Joint Probability Method in Potential Forecast for Severe Convective Weather in Anhui Province     

Yuejia Zhu  Rui Xing  Mingjia Zhu  Dongyong Wang  Xuexing Qiu 《地球科学进展》2019,34(7):731-746

In consideration of large uncertainties in severe convective weather forecast, ensemble forecasting is a dynamic method developed to quantitatively estimate forecast uncertainty. Based on ensemble output, joint probability is a post-processing method to delineate key areas where weather event may actually occur by taking account of the uncertainty of several important physical parameters. An investigation of the environments of little rainfall convection and strong rainfall convection from April to September (warm season) during 2009-2015 was presented using daily disastrous weather data, precipitation data of 80 stations in Anhui province and NCEP Final Analysis (FNL) data. Through ingredients-based forecasting methodology and statistical analysis,four convective parameters characterizing two types of convection were obtained, respectively, which were used to establish joint probability forecasting together with their corresponding thresholds. Using the ECMWF ensemble forecast and observations from April to September during 2016-2017, systematic verification mainly based on ROC and case study of different weather processes were conducted. The results demonstrate that joint probability method is capable of discriminating little rainfall convection and non-convection with comparable performance for different lead times, which is more favorable to identifying the occurrence of strong rainfall convection. The joint probability of little rainfall convection is a good indication for the occurrence of regional or local convection, but may produce some false alarms. The joint probability of strong rainfall convection is good at indicating regional concentrated short-term heavy precipitation as well as local heavy rainfall. There are also individual missing reports in this method, and in practice, 10% can be roughly used as joint probability threshold to achieve relative high TS score. Overall, ensemble-based joint probability method can provide practical short-term probabilistic guidance for severe convective weather.  相似文献   

从源到汇:大别造山带物源区与合肥盆地南缘中生代沉积耦合关系——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄证据          下载免费PDF全文

李双应  魏星  谢伟  程成  李敏  胡博  柴广路 《古地理学报》2019,21(1):82-106

形成于印支期的大别造山带和周缘中生代盆地构成了一级源汇系统,其中位于造山带北缘的合肥盆地中生代地层发育,且以盆地南缘出露最好,这为盆山源汇系统研究提供了理想的沉积记录。笔者从合肥盆地南缘采集了10个砂岩样品和1个砾岩样品,进行锆石U/Pb (LA-ICP-MS)定年分析,获得了742个有效年龄(置信度不小于85%),范围为113±3. 6-2983 Ma。这些碎屑锆石年龄谱可以被分为5个年龄段:113-137 Ma,峰值131 Ma; 184-273 Ma,峰值226 Ma; 274-517. 3 Ma,具有2个峰值280 Ma和474 Ma; 532-856. 6 Ma,具有3个峰值572 Ma、649 Ma和772 Ma; 1786-2600 Ma,具有2个峰值2035 Ma和2506 Ma。同时,总结了物源区大别造山带不同单元锆石U-Pb年龄特征。根据锆石U/Pb年龄和Th/U值,发现这5个年龄段比较准确地记录了物源区地质体,分别是早白垩世的岩浆岩、大别山高压—超高压变质岩、北淮阳的浅变质岩、北大别的正片麻岩和卢镇关群变质岩。根据锆石最小年龄,修正了合肥盆地南缘中生代地层格架,为源汇系统研究确立了时间框架。合肥盆地南缘中生代沉积可以分为4个演化阶段:晚三叠世瑞替期—早侏罗世辛涅缪斯期、中—晚侏罗世、早白垩世早期和早白垩世晚期,并据此确定了每个阶段主要物源区特征及其时空变化。碎屑锆石U/Pb年龄和Th/U值限定了大别造山带仅存在三叠纪的超高压变质作用,且超高压变质岩折返到地表的最早时间是晚三叠世瑞替期,大别造山带大陆岛弧发育的时间是新元古代。上述研究结果不仅为恢复大别造山带构造古地理做出了新的贡献,而且更为盆山源汇系统研究提供了一个实例。  相似文献   

新疆富蕴县北部金格岩体斜长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义     

蔺新望  王星  赵江林  赵端昌  周少伟  袁璋 《地质通报》2019,38(11):1813-1824

对新疆富蕴县北部金格岩体斜长花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得了402.7±2.9Ma(MSWD=0.17)的岩浆结晶年龄,表明岩体形成时代为早泥盆世。金格岩体岩性组合为英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩,具有TTG组合特征,暗示与洋俯冲作用有关。岩石地球化学具有高硅(SiO_2=72.55%～77.41%),富钠(Na_2O=4.94%～6.63%),贫钾(K_2O=0.24%～0.95%)的特征,Al_2O_3含量为12.11%～15.30%,铝饱和指数在0.94～1.04之间,呈低钾拉斑玄武岩系列、准铝质-弱过铝质、I型花岗岩的特征。稀土元素显示轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素相对亏损,中等-弱负Eu异常的右倾型,微量元素Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素富集,呈明显的"峰",Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素强烈亏损,呈明显"TNT"负异常,显示了与俯冲作用有关的岩浆岩特征。结合区域地质资料,金格岩体形成于与洋俯冲作用有关的活动大陆边缘的陆弧环境,金格—正格河地区在早泥盆世处于局部拉张环境。  相似文献   

独山城地区多元信息干热岩预测模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴云霞  吕凤军  邢立新  刘新星 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(3):880-892

针对干热岩勘查靶区不好确定的问题,以遥感技术为主导,辅以航磁、钻探、水文勘查技术,在上黄旗-乌龙沟断裂岩浆活构造带中南段——独山城地区尝试性开展干热岩资源勘查工作,在分析12种勘查地质数据特征的基础上,建立了独山城地区多元信息干热岩预测模型。通过地层、岩体、环形构造、线性构造遥感解译,推测研究区存在隐伏岩体,挤压形构造应力场控制岩体规模,岩体最大规模460 km²,航磁负异常佐证隐伏岩体;依据遥感热异常和水热蚀变异常推测地下存在热源,温泉、地热田、107.1倍空气氦体积分数、航磁负异常均佐证地下热源及高放射性的存在;初步估算地温梯度均值为3.87℃/hm;遥感地层解译盖层为中-新太古代、古元古代变质岩和中-新元古代沉积岩。独山城地区干热岩地质特征优于蔺文静初步建立的干热岩地热资源开发地热地质学标准,推测深部存在高放射性产热型干热岩资源,断裂交汇处为地下热水储集、排泄的最有利部位,并存在水热蚀变。建议进一步开展物探、深部钻探及温泉查实工作。  相似文献   

海南岛西北部海岸线时空变化分析     

李丽  武兴  郭雅 《中国地质调查》2019,6(2):87-93

基于遥感与GIS技术,利用高空间分辨率遥感卫星SPOT-5和GF-2影像数据,对海南岛西北部地区海口市南渡江—东方市2005年和2016年2个时期的海岸线进行人机交互解译,并对其10 a来的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明: 10 a间,海南岛西北部海岸线时空变化显著,主要影响因素为人工开发建设; 人工海岸线增幅达到113%,其占比由2005年的24.3%上升至2016年的51.6%; 除部分淤泥质海岸线和砂质海岸线转化为人工海岸线外,自然海岸线以侵蚀为主,局部地区有少量淤积。不同地区海岸线变化特点不同: 儋州市和澄迈县海岸线资源丰富,开发力度较大; 临高县和昌江黎族自治县自然海岸线以侵蚀为主,淤积少; 东方市和澄迈县海岸线侵蚀较少,较易淤积。分析结果可为海南岛西北部海岸线调查、开发和保护提供一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

新疆克拉玛依油田八区上二叠统下乌尔禾组河控型扇三角洲沉积   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

朱水桥  肖春林  饶政  旷红伟  邢凤存  高振中 《古地理学报》2005,7(4):471-482

从岩心、薄片等实际资料着手,结合EMI成像测井等现代技术研究,认为新疆克拉玛依油田八区上二叠统下乌尔禾组属河控型扇三角洲相沉积,并识别出两种亚相和9种微相：2种亚相是扇三角洲平原和扇三角洲前缘亚相,而前扇三角洲不发育。9种微相是辫状河道沉积、漫流沉积、泥石流沉积、筛滤沉积、水下分流河道沉积、水下分流河道间沉积、水下天然堤沉积、碎屑流沉积及颗粒流沉积。同时,以成像测井资料为主要依据,结合岩石粒度及成分特征分析,表明研究区下乌尔禾组5个时期的物源方向不尽一致,表现为从早到晚,由第5亚期至第1亚期,物源方向由以西南方向为主,逐渐变为以西北为主。与物源变化相对应,沉积相也呈现有规律的变化。本文在对沉积相进行详尽研究的基础上,深入解剖了克拉玛依油田上二叠统下乌尔禾组的沉积微相特征,阐明了沉积相的展布和演化。  相似文献