The role of nonlinearities associated with air-sea coupling processes in El Nino’s peak-phase locking     

DUAN WanSuo  ZHANG Rui  YU YanShan  TIAN Ben 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2013,56(11):1988-1996

We use conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP)to investigate the optimal precursory disturbances in the ZebiakCane El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)model.The conditions of the CNOP-type precursors are highly likely to evolve into El Nino events in the Zebiak-Cane model.By exploring the dynamic behaviors of these nonlinear El Nino events caused by the CNOP-type precursors,we find that they,as expected,tend to phase-lock to the annual cycles in the Zebiak-Cane model,with the SSTA peak at the end of a calendar year.However,El Nino events with CNOPs as initial anomalies in the linearized Zebiak-Cane model are inclined to phase-lock earlier than nonlinear El Nino events despite the existence of annual cycles in the model.It is clear that nonlinearities play an important role in El Nino’s phase-locking.In particular,nonlinear temperature advection increases anomalous zonal SST differences and anomalous westerlies,which weakens anomalous upwelling and acts on the increasing anomalous vertical temperature difference and,as a result,enhances El Nino and then delays the peak SSTA.Finally,we demonstrate that nonlinear temperature advection,together with the effect of the annual cycle,causes El Nino events to peak at the end of the calendar year.  相似文献   

An event-based spatiotemporal data model (ESTDM) for temporal analysis of geographical data     

Donna J. Peuquet  Niu Duan 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):7-24

Abstract

Representations historically used within GIS assume a world that exists only in the present. Information contained within a spatial database may be added-to or modified over time, but a sense of change or dynamics through time is not maintained. This limitation of current GIS capabilities has recently received substantial attention, given the increasingly urgent need to better understand geographical processes and the cause-and-effect interrelationships between human activities and the environment. Models proposed so-far for the representation of spatiotemporal data are extensions of traditional raster and vector representations that can be seen as location- or feature-based, respectively, and are therefore best organized for performing either location-based or feature-based queries. Neither form is as well-suited for analysing overall temporal relationships of events and patterns of events throughout a geographical area as a temporally-based representation.

In the current paper, a new spatio-temporal data model is proposed that is based on time as its organizational basis, and is thereby intended to facilitate analysis of temporal relationships and patterns of change through time. This model is named the Event-based Spatio Temporal Data Model (ESTDM). It is shown that temporally-based queries relating to locations can be implemented in an efficient and conceptually straightforward manner using ESTDM by describing algorithms for three fundamental temporally-based retrieval tasks based on this model: (1) retrieving location(s) that changed to a given value at a given time, (2) retrieving location(s) that changed to a given value over a given temporal interval, and (3) calculation of the total area that has changed to a given value over a given temporal interval. An empirical comparison of the space efficiency of ESTDM and compressed and uncompressed forms of the ‘snapshot’ model is also given, showing that ESTDM is also a compact representation of spatio-temporal information.  相似文献   

Statistics of underwater ambient noise at high sea states arisen from typhoon out zones in the Philippine Sea and South China Sea     

Qiulong Yang  Kunde Yang  Shunli Duan  Yuanliang Ma 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(7):153-165

Oceanic noise is the background interference in sonar performance prediction and evaluation at high sea states. Statistics of underwater ambient noise during Typhoons Soulik and Nida were analyzed on the basis of experimental measurements conducted in a deep area of the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. Generated linear regression, frequency correlation matrix (FCM), Burr distribution and Gumbel distribution were described for the analysis of correlation with environmental parameters including wind speed (WS), significant wave height (SWH), and the inter-frequency relationship and probability density function of noise levels (NLs). When the typhoons were quite close to the receivers, the increment of NLs exceeded 10 dB. Whilst ambient noise was completely dominated by wind agitation, NLs were proportional to the cubic and quintic functions of WS and SWH, respectively. The fitted results between NLs and oceanic parameters were different for “before typhoon” and “after typhoon”. The fitted slopes of linear regression showed a linear relationship with the logarithm of frequency. The average observed typhoon-generated NLs were 5 dB lower than the Wenz curve at the same wind force due to the insufficiently developed sea state or the delay between NLs and WS. The cross-correlation coefficient of FCM, which can be utilized in the identification of noise sources in different bands, exceeded 0.8 at frequencies higher than 250 Hz. Furthermore, standard deviation increased with frequency. The kurtosis was equal to 3 at >400 Hz approximately. The characteristics of NLs showed good agreement with the results of FCM.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地南部中生代碰撞相关构造及其在古特提斯研究中的意义     

李勇  李曰俊  杨宪彰  文磊  黄少英  张亮  王祥  陈才  王斌  段云江  周慧  李洪辉  刘亚雷  黄彤飞 《地质科学》2022,57(2):315-340

地震资料解释和野外地质调查,在塔里木盆地南部发现中生代碰撞相关构造.同碰撞构造发育于西昆仑山前、阿尔金山前和麦盖提斜坡,为晚三叠世冲断构造.既有晚三叠世新形成的冲断构造,也有先存构造的复活(如车尔臣断裂).碰撞后构造见于西昆仑和阿尔金山前,是一些规模不大的侏罗纪—白垩纪正断层及其控制下形成堑—垒构造.晚三叠世构造应力场...  相似文献   

The luminescence dating chronology of a deep core from Bosten Lake (NW China) in arid central Asia reveals lake evolution over the last 220 ka     

Guoqiang Li  Yanwu Duan  Xiaozhong Huang  Jan‐Pieter Buylaert  Wei Peng  David B. Madsen  Zhiguo Rao  Linlin She  Haichao Xie  Jianhui Chen  Fahu Chen 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2017,46(2):264-281

The lacustrine deposits of lakes in arid central Asia (ACA) potentially record palaeoclimatic changes on orbital and suborbital time scales, but such changes are still poorly understood due to the lack of reliable chronologies. Bosten Lake, the largest freshwater inland lake in China, is located in the southern Tianshan Mountains in central ACA. A 51.6‐m‐deep lacustrine succession was retrieved from the lake and 30 samples from the succession were used for luminescence dating to establish a chronology based on multi‐grain quartz OSL and K‐feldspar post‐IR IRSL (pIRIR₂₉₀) dating. Quartz OSL ages were only used for samples from the upper part of the core. The K‐feldspar luminescence characteristics (dose recovery test, anomalous fading test, first IR stimulation temperature plateau test) are satisfactory and from the relationship amongst the quartz OSL, IR₅₀ and pIRIR₂₉₀ doses we infer that the feldspar signals are likely to be well bleached at deposition. Bacon age‐depth modelling was used to derive a chronology spanning the last c. 220 ka. The chronology, lithology and grain‐size proxy record indicate that Bosten Lake formed at least c. 220 ka ago and that lake levels fluctuated frequently thereafter. A stable deep lake occurred at c. 220, 210–180, c. 165, 70–60, 40–30 and 20–5 ka, while shallow levels occurred at c. 215, 180–165, 100–70, 60–40 and 30–20 ka. Bosten Lake levels decreased by at least ~29 m and possibly the lake even dried up between c. 160 and c. 100 ka. We suggest that the water‐level fluctuations in the lakes of ACA may not respond directly to climatic changes and may be affected by a number of complex factors.  相似文献   

Monitoring and Analysis of Land Subsidence Along Beijing-Tianjin Inter-City Railway     

Duan GuangYao  Gong HuiLi  Liu Huanhuan  Zhang Youquan  Chen BeiBei  Lei KunChao 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(6):915-931

  相似文献   

Environmental hazard in Shanghai,China: lessons learned from Huangpu River dead pigs incident     

Li  Chenxi  Wu  Kening  Wu  Jingyao 《Natural Hazards》2017,88(2):1269-1272

Natural Hazards - This paper expounds facts related to the Huangpu River dead pigs incident on March 20, 2013, in Shanghai, China. The causes of the incident were discussed. The suggestions for...  相似文献   

Simulated soil erosion from a semiarid typical steppe watershed using an integrated aeolian and fluvial prediction model          下载免费PDF全文

Xixi Wang  Tingxi Liu  Fengling Li  Ruizhong Gao  Xiaomin Yang  Limin Duan  Yanyun Luo  Rui Li 《水文研究》2014,28(2):325-340

Total soil erosion is a result of both aeolian and fluvial processes, which is particularly true in semiarid regions. However, although physically interrelated, these two processes have conventionally been studied and modelled independently. Recently, a few researchers highlighted the importance and need of considering both processes in concert as well as their interactions, but they did not give specific modelling approaches or algorithms. The objectives of this study were to (1) formulate an integrated aeolian and fluvial prediction (IAFP) model, (2) parameterize the IAFP model for a semiarid steppe watershed located in northeastern China by using literature and historical data and (3) use the model to predict soil erosion in the watershed and assess the sensitivity of predicted erosion to environmental factors such as soil moisture and vegetation coverage. The results indicated that the IAFP model can capture the dynamic interactions between aeolian and fluvial erosion processes. For the study watershed, the model predicted a higher occurrence frequency of fluvial erosion than that of aeolian erosion and showed that these two processes almost equivalently contributed to the average total erosion of 0.07 mm year^?1 across the simulation period. The ‘existing’ vegetation cover can provide an overall good protection of the soils, although the vegetation cover was predicted to play a larger role in a drier than a wetter year as well as in controlling aeolian than fluvial erosion. In addition, soil erosion was predicted to be more sensitive to soil moisture than land coverage. A soil moisture level of 0.23–0.25 was determined to be the probable switch point from aeolian‐to fluvial‐dominant process or vice versa. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A new analytical expression for ultimate specific yield and shallow groundwater drainage          下载免费PDF全文

Dong‐hui Cheng  Yu‐hong Wang  Ji‐bo Duan  Xunhong Chen  Sheng‐ke Yang 《水文研究》2015,29(8):1905-1911

The ultimate specific yield, i.e. the specific yield under steady‐state condition, is generally dependent on the water table depth in the shallow groundwater systems. This paper presents a new expression to describe this relationship. The expression is based on the relationship between soil water content–soil depths below ground surface near the saturation zone, i.e. water content profile, which can be fitted by the van Genuchten model. Because this model is highly nonlinear, a Taylor series expansion was used to solve the integral equation for specific yield in our study. The new expression was verified by a drainage experiment, and the results demonstrated that the new expression is reliable for eolian sand when the range of water table fluctuation is less than 30 cm. The expression is easily applicable because knowledge of the water content profile near the saturation zone is the only requirement. Compared with the expression obtained from the Brooks–Corey model, the new expression can be used for a variety of aquifer and soil media. The improved accuracy of the specific yield provides a better estimate of discharge rates in shallow groundwater systems with water table fluctuations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国地区云光学厚度和云滴有效半径变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

段皎  刘煜 《气象科技》2011,39(4):408-416

利用ISCCP最新的D2云气候资料集和MODIS云的资料,给出中国地区云的光学厚度和云滴有效半径的分布特征;分别对季节平均和年平均时间序列进行线性趋势分析,并进行了显著性检验。结果表明：夏季云的光学厚度和有效半径的变化趋势最显著。结合云量变化情况,可发现云滴有效半径的变化对云光学厚度的影响可能在夏季最大,也就是说,气溶胶的间接气候效应可能在夏季最强;云量、云光学厚度和云滴有效半径的变化也表明长江以南地区和青藏高原地区可能是气溶胶间接气候效应比较显著的地区。中国地区冰云光学厚度与有效直径的相关具有很强的区域特征,说明冰云的微物理机制比水云更复杂。  相似文献