Distinctive Volcanic Material for the Production of Campana A Ware: The Workshop Area of Neapolis at the Duomo Metro Station in Naples,Italy     

Alberto De Bonis  Stefania Febbraro  Chiara Germinario  Daniela Giampaola  Celestino Grifa  Vincenza Guarino  Alessio Langella  Vincenzo Morra 《Geoarchaeology》2016,31(6):437-466

Recent transportation infrastructure works in Naples, Italy, provided important discoveries related to the production of pottery in the Hellenistic workshop area of Piazza Nicola Amore. A minero‐petrographic investigation was conducted on 35 samples belonging to the widespread Campana A ware and production indicators (clayey raw materials, unfired Graeco‐Italic amphorae, kiln wastes, workshop tools). Additional analysis was conducted on black‐glaze and common ware samples for comparison. The analyses reveal compositional and technological homogeneity of Campana A ware. Samples are characterized by low CaO content with evidence of both volcanic and sedimentary components, suggesting that different clay sources were properly mixed to prepare a standard recipe. Production indicators, black‐glaze and common wares, have a composition well consistent with the calcareous clays from the island of Ischia. Leucite‐ and garnet‐bearing temper from the Somma Volcano were used for the preparation of coarse‐grained pastes, unfired Graeco‐Italic amphorae, and clayey raw materials, thus suggesting that they represented the clay sources for amphorae production. Our results reveal new technological and socioeconomic aspects of Hellenistic pottery production in the Bay of Naples, in particular for the Campana A ware, now representing a new reference group: Neapolis.  相似文献   

Geochemical characterization of the salinity of irrigated soils in arid regions (Biskra,SE Algeria)     

Abdennour  Mohamed Amine  Douaoui  Abdelkader  Barrena  Jesús  Pulido  Manuel  Bradaï  Abdelhamid  Bennacer  Amel  Piccini  Chiara  Alfonso-Torreño  Alberto 《中国地球化学学报》2021,40(2):234-250

Acta Geochimica - The agriculture in Biskra, southeastern Algeria, is based on traditional practices and characterized by small irrigated fields. In the last decades, the increasing demand in water...  相似文献   

Semi-automated regional classification of the style of activity of slow rock-slope deformations using PS InSAR and SqueeSAR velocity data     

Crippa  Chiara  Valbuzzi  Elena  Frattini  Paolo  Crosta  Giovanni B.  Spreafico  Margherita C.  Agliardi  Federico 《Landslides》2021,18(7):2445-2463

Large slow rock-slope deformations, including deep-seated gravitational slope deformations and large landslides, are widespread in alpine environments. They develop over thousands of years by progressive failure, resulting in slow movements that impact infrastructures and can eventually evolve into catastrophic rockslides. A robust characterization of their style of activity is thus required in a risk management perspective. We combine an original inventory of slow rock-slope deformations with different PS-InSAR and SqueeSAR datasets to develop a novel, semi-automated approach to characterize and classify 208 slow rock-slope deformations in Lombardia (Italian Central Alps) based on their displacement rate, kinematics, heterogeneity and morphometric expression. Through a peak analysis of displacement rate distributions, we characterize the segmentation of mapped landslides and highlight the occurrence of nested sectors with differential activity and displacement rates. Combining 2D decomposition of InSAR velocity vectors and machine learning classification, we develop an automatic approach to characterize the kinematics of each landslide. Then, we sequentially combine principal component and K-medoids cluster analyses to identify groups of slow rock-slope deformations with consistent styles of activity. Our methodology is readily applicable to different landslide datasets and provides an objective and cost-effective support to land planning and the prioritization of local-scale studies aimed at granting safety and infrastructure integrity.

  相似文献   

Magma convection and mixing dynamics as a source of Ultra-Long-Period oscillations     

Antonella Longo  Paolo Papale  Melissa Vassalli  Gilberto Saccorotti  Chiara P. Montagna  Andrea Cassioli  Salvatore Giudice  Enzo Boschi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(4):873-880

Many volcanic eruptions are shortly preceded by injection of new magma into a pre-existing, shallow (<10 km) magma chamber, causing convection and mixing between the incoming and resident magmas. These processes may trigger dyke propagation and further magma rise, inducing long-term (days to months) volcano deformation, seismic swarms, gravity anomalies, and changes in the composition of volcanic plumes and fumaroles, eventually culminating in an eruption. Although new magma injection into shallow magma chambers can lead to hazardous event, such injection is still not systematically detected and recognized. Here, we present the results of numerical simulations of magma convection and mixing in geometrically complex magmatic systems, and describe the multiparametric dynamics associated with buoyant magma injection. Our results reveal unexpected pressure trends and pressure oscillations in the Ultra-Long-Period (ULP) range of minutes, related to the generation of discrete plumes of rising magma. Very long pressure oscillation wavelengths translate into comparably ULP ground displacements with amplitudes of order 10⁻⁴–10⁻² m. Thus, new magma injection into magma chambers beneath volcanoes can be revealed by ULP ground displacement measured at the surface.  相似文献   

In‐plane strength of unreinforced masonry piers     

Chiara Calderini  Serena Cattari  Sergio Lagomarsino 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(2):243-267

The definition of adequate simplified models to assess the in‐plane load‐bearing capacity of masonry piers, in terms of both strength and displacement, plays a fundamental role in the seismic verification of masonry buildings. In this paper, a critical review of the most widespread strength criteria present in the literature and codes to interpret the failure modes of piers (rocking, crushing, bed joint sliding or diagonal cracking) are proposed. Models are usually based on an approximate evaluation of the stress state produced by the external forces in a few points/sections and on its assessment with reference to a limit strength domain. The aim of the review is to assess their reliability by discussing the hypotheses, which they are based on (assumed stress states; choice of reference points/sections on which to assess the pier strength; characteristics of the limit strength domain) and to verify the conditions for their proper use in practice, in terms of both stress fields (depending on the geometry of the pier, boundary conditions and applied loads) and types of masonry (i.e. regular brick masonry vs rubble stone masonry). In order to achieve these objectives, parametric nonlinear finite element analyses are performed and different experimental data available in the literature are analysed and compared. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Passive‐roof thrusting in the Messinian Vena del Gesso Basin (Northern Apennines,Italy): constraints from field data and analogue models     

Domenico Montanari  Chiara Del Ventisette  Marco Bonini  Federico Sani 《Geological Journal》2007,42(5):455-476

We present the results of a study of the Vena del Gesso Basin (Romagna Apennines, Italy) integrating field analyses and analogue modelling. This basin represents one of the best‐preserved top‐thrust basins in the Northern Apennines foreland and is one of the few examples where primary evaporites, related to the Messinian salinity crisis of the Mediterranean, widely crop out. The structural style affecting the Messinian gypsum is examined to get insights into the mechanism responsible for the overall deformation features recognizable in the area. The evaporites are completely detached at the base and widespread back‐thrusts, repeatedly doubling these deposits, strongly contrast with the regional forelandward vergence of structures in the Apennines. On the basis of the comparison between field data and experimental results, the features characterising this area can be described as the result of the deformation linked to the sequential activation of an obliquely propagating passive‐roof duplex. Analogue models evidenced the major role played (1) by syntectonic erosion that promoted the development of passive‐roof duplex style, as well as (2) the role of décollement level pinch‐out that determined an oblique progression of deformation. Finally our data lead to reconsider the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction concerning the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The ground-based InSAR monitoring system at Stromboli volcano: linking changes in displacement rate and intensity of persistent volcanic activity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Federico Di Traglia  Emanuele Intrieri  Teresa Nolesini  Federica Bardi  Chiara Del Ventisette  Federica Ferrigno  Sara Frangioni  William Frodella  Giovanni Gigli  Alessia Lotti  Carlo Tacconi Stefanelli  Luca Tanteri  Davide Leva  Nicola Casagli 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2014,76(2):1-18

Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Archipelago, Southern Italy) experienced an increase in its volcanic activity from late December 2012 to March 2013, when it produced several lava overflows, major Strombolian explosions, crater-wall collapses pyroclastic density currents and intense spatter activity. An analysis of the displacement of the NE portion of the summit crater terrace and the unstable NW flank of the volcano (Sciara del Fuoco depression) has been performed with a ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GBInSAR) by dividing the monitored part of the volcano into five sectors, three in the summit vents region and two in the Sciara del Fuoco. Changes in the displacement rate were observed in sectors 2 and 3. Field and thermal surveys revealed the presence of an alignment of fumaroles confirming the existence of an area of structural discontinuity between sectors 2 and 3. High displacement rates in sector 2 are interpreted to indicate the increase in the magmastatic pressure within the shallow plumbing systems, related to the rise of the magma level within the conduits, while increased displacement rates in sector 3 are connected to the lateral expansion of the shallow plumbing system. The increases and decreases in the displacement rate registered by the GBInSAR system in the upper part of the volcano have been used as a proxy for changes in the pressure conditions in the shallow plumbing system of Stromboli volcano and hence to forecast the occurrence of phases of higher-intensity volcanic activity.  相似文献   

Seismic response of continuous span bridges through fiber-based finite element analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chiara Casarotti Rui Pinho 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2006,5(1):119-131

1 Introduction Older design codes based on equivalent elastic force approaches proved to be ineffective in preventing damage caused by destructive earthquakes. After recent major earthquakes (e.g. Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995, and Kocaeli 1999 etc.), the necessity for using more accurate methods, which explicitly account for geometrical nonlinearities and material inelasticity, to evaluate seismic demand on structures, became evident. Within this framework, two analysis tools are currently offe…  相似文献   

Stress-induced comenditic trachyte effusion triggered by trachybasalt intrusion: multidisciplinary study of the AD 1761 eruption at Terceira Island (Azores)     

A. Pimentel  V. Zanon  L. V. de Groot  A. Hipólito  A. Di Chiara  S. Self 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2016,78(3):22

  相似文献   

MASTER: A multiple aspect view on trajectories   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ronaldo dos Santos Mello  Vania Bogorny  Luis Otavio Alvares  Luiz Henrique Zambom Santana  Carlos Andres Ferrero  Angelo Augusto Frozza  Geomar Andre Schreiner  Chiara Renso 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(4):805-822

For many years trajectory data have been treated as sequences of space‐time points or stops and moves. However, with the explosion of the Internet of Things and the flood of big data generated on the Internet, such as weather channels and social network interactions, which can be used to enrich mobility data, trajectories become more and more complex, with multiple and heterogeneous data dimensions. The main challenge is how to integrate all this information with trajectories. In this article we introduce a new concept of trajectory, called multiple aspect trajectory, propose a robust conceptual and logical data model that supports a vast range of applications, and, differently from state‐of‐the‐art methods, we propose a storage solution for efficient multiple aspect trajectory queries. The main strength of our data model is the combination of simplicity and expressive power to represent heterogeneous aspects, ranging from simple labels to complex objects. We evaluate the proposed model in a tourism scenario and compare its query performance against the state‐of‐the‐art spatio‐temporal database SECONDO extension for symbolic trajectories.  相似文献