Soil Microbial and Enzyme Activities Response to Pollution Near an Aluminium Smelter   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Juan Carlos García‐Gil  Jozef Kobza  Pedro Soler‐Rovira  Soňa Javoreková 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(5):485-492

The aim of this research was to assess the impact caused by a long‐term pollution by fluoride and heavy metals in two soils (PS1 and PS2) near an aluminium smelter in Slovakia, on soil microbial biomass C (MBC), basal respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO₂) water‐soluble organic C (WSOC) and enzymes activities involved in the C, N and P biogeochemical cycles. An unpolluted soil was used as control (C0). Results obtained for soil fluoride content reflected a gradient of fluoride exposure in topsoils of contaminated sites. Decreases in microbial and enzymatic activities and in MBC to organic C ratio were found in PS2 site, which is closer to the smelter and exhibited the highest fluoride content. PS1‐soil showed an extreme alkaline pH caused by leaching of waste effluents from the smelter dumping site, higher contents of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, significantly larger MBC, qCO₂ and catalase and urease activities, and much larger basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity than PS2 and C0‐soil. Phosphatase, β‐glucosidase and BAA‐protease were negatively correlated with WSOC, basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity, and showed some degree of inhibition in polluted sites. These results may indicate different responses of microbial communities to ecosystem disturbances, caused by the drastic changes in soil's physicochemical properties as result of the long‐term emissions of fly ash with high levels of contaminants that are still affecting soil microbial and enzymatic activities.  相似文献   

The dynamic balance between organic acids and circumneutral groundwater in a large boreal peat basin     

D.I. Siegel  P.H. Glaser  J. So  D.R. Janecky 《Journal of Hydrology》2006,320(3-4):421-431

Large raised bogs and patterned fens cover 56% of the landscape in the Glacial Lake Agassiz region of northern Minnesota (USA). Organic acids supply most of the acidity in the surface water of the bogs, but groundwater upwelling from the underlying glacial deposits neutralizes these organic acids within deep peat. Substantial concentrations of organic acids also occur in the surface waters of fens mixed with variable amounts of inorganic solutes contributed by groundwater discharge. We used a triprotic analog model to determine the extent to which organic acids in fen and bog waters behave as strong or weak acids. The modeling approach optimized charge balance by calibrating estimates of mole site density in the DOC (dissolved organic carbon) of surface and pore waters with estimates of triprotic acid dissociation constants. Before the calibration process, all of the bog waters and 76% of the fen waters had more than +20% imbalance in charge balance. After calibration, more than 75% of all waters were electrochemically balanced within 20%. In the best calibration, the mole site denisty of bog DOC was estimated as 0.05 mmol/mmol C., approximately six times smaller than that estimated for fen DOC or the DOC in the fen deeper fen peats that underlie all bog landforms. The three modeled de-protonation constants were; pK_a1=3.0, pK_a2=4.5 and pK_a3=7.0 for the bog DOC, and; pK_a1=5.2, pK_a2= 6.5 and pK_a3=7.0 for the fen DOC. Bog DOC, behaves as a strong acid despite its small mole site density. The DOC in bog runoff can therefore theoretically acidify the surface waters in adjacent fens wherever these waters do not receive sufficient buffering alkalinity from active groundwater seepage.  相似文献   

Regional　and　Synoptic-scale　Features　Associated　with　Inactive　Periods　of　the　Summer　Monsoon　over　South　China     

This research is supported by the Research Grants Council of the University Grants Committee of Hong Kong Grant . C. H. So  Johnny C. L. Chan Department of Physics  Materials Science  City University of Hong Kong 《大气科学进展》1997,(2)

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Two adaptive algorithms for multipath time delay estimation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ching  P.C. So  H.C. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1994,19(3):458-463

The problem of time delay estimation (TDE) with multipath transmissions arises often in many sonar and radar systems. Two adaptive algorithms based on a parameter estimation approach are proposed to estimate the difference in arrival times of a signal at two separated sensors in the presence of multipath propagation. The first method uses an adaptive IIR filter to eliminate the multipath signal in each transmission channel prior to applying a constrained delay estimation algorithm to extract the time difference between the two received outputs. The second employs two constrained adaptive FIR filters to perform equalization of the multipath arrivals, and time delay is then derived using a constrained delay estimator similar to that in the first method. Computer simulations are presented to compare and contrast the tracing capability and convergence behavior of these multipath TDE methods  相似文献   

Erratum to: Impact of the arc length on GNSS analysis results     

Simon Lutz  Michael Meindl  Peter Steigenberger  Gerhard Beutler  Krzysztof Sośnica  Stefan Schaer  Rolf Dach  Daniel Arnold  Daniela Thaller  Adrian Jäggi 《Journal of Geodesy》2016,90(5):501-501

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Evaluation of groundwater resources in wide inundation areas of the Mekong River basin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

So Kazama  Terumichi Hagiwara  Priyantha Ranjan  Masaki Sawamoto 《Journal of Hydrology》2007,340(3-4):233-243

Severe floods can have disastrous impacts and cause wide ranging destruction in the Mekong River basin. At the same time groundwater resources are significantly influenced and extensively recharged by flood water in inundation areas of the basin. This study determines the variation of groundwater resources caused by flooding over inundated areas located in lower part of the Mekong River basin using numerical modeling and field observations. The inundation calculations have been evaluated using satellite image outputs. Comparing large, medium and small flood events, we conclude that flood control which reduces the area of inundation, results in a reduction of groundwater resources in the area. In 1993, a 19% reduction in inundation areas resulted in a 31% reduction in groundwater storage. In 1998, a 44% reduction in inundation areas led to a 42% reduction in groundwater storage. Thus, while flood control activities are vital to reduce negative flood impacts in the Mekong River basin, they also negatively impact groundwater resources in the area.  相似文献   

Preliminary health risk assessment for polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans in seafood from Guangzhou and Zhoushan, China     

Yuichi Miyake  Qinting Jiang  Wang Yuan  Nobuyasu Hanari  Tsuyoshi Okazawa  Barbara Wyrzykowska  Man Ka So  Paul K.S. Lam  Nobuyoshi Yamashita   《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):357

Dietary intake is one of the important routes of human exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The use of PBDEs may also result in exposure to polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs/DFs), as these compounds are impurities in technical mixtures of BFRs and can also be formed unintentionally by the same processes that generate chlorinated dioxins. This study determined the concentrations of polybrominated compounds in common seafood in Guangzhou and Zhoushan, and assessed the health risks of these chemicals via consumption of contaminated seafood. Seafood samples (fish, bivalves, shrimp, crab, and cephalopods) purchased from local markets in 2003 and 2004 were analyzed for PBDEs and PBDDs/DFs. The highest concentration of total PBDEs (46.3 ng g⁻¹ lipid wt.) was detected in fish from Guangzhou, in which BDEs 47 and 209 were the two predominant congeners. The total daily intakes of PBDEs, PBDDs, and PBDFs were, 946, 6.39, and 6.54 pg kg⁻¹ body weight (bw) in Guangzhou, and 489, 4.99, and 7.65 pg kg⁻¹ bw in Zhoushan, respectively. The hazard ratios for PBDDs and PBDFs were both greater than unity, indicating that these compounds may pose some health risks to the local population.  相似文献   

Integration of the nuclease protection assay with sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) for sensitive detection of Heterocapsa triquetra     

PARK Mirye  PARK So Yun  HWANG Jinik  JUNG Seung Won  LEE Juyun  CHANG Man  LEE Taek-Kyun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(5):107-112

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that function as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Some species of microalgae undergo rapid growth and cause harmful blooms in marine ecosystems. Heterocapsa triquetra is one of the most common bloom-forming species in estuarine and coastal waters worldwide. Although this species does not produce toxins, unlike some other Heterocapsa species, the high density of its blooms can cause significant ecological damage. We developed a H. triquetra species-specific nuclease protection assay sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) probe that targets the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA). We tested probe specificity and sensitivity with five other dinoflagellates that also cause red tides. Our assay detected H. triquetra at a concentration of 1.5×10⁴ cells/mL, more sensitive than required for a red-tide guidance warning by the Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in 2015 (3.0×10⁴ cells/mL). We also used the NPA-SH assay to monitor H. triquetra in the Tongyeong region of the southern sea area of Korea during 2014. This method could detect H. triquetra cells within 3 h. Our assay is useful for monitoring H. triquetra under field conditions.  相似文献   

朝鲜半岛南部三维地壳速度结构成像   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李清河  张元生  So Gu KIM 《地球物理学报》2007,50(4):1073-1081

对多震相走时层析成像方法进行改进和优化, 使用朝鲜半岛陆地和近海的地震记录, 对朝鲜半岛南部(345°N～39°N,125°E～130°E)进行地震波走时反演, 获得了本研究区的三维速度结构成像结果.分析了沉积层、基底、上地壳、康腊面、下地壳和莫霍面的特征.研究了不同地质区的深部结构的主要差别、主要断裂特征、 海陆交界的地壳特征等.可以发现京畿山地与沃川褶皱带、太白山褶皱带、临津江褶皱带深部结构的差异尤为明显.  相似文献   

Impact of the arc length on GNSS analysis results   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Simon Lutz  Michael Meindl  Peter Steigenberger  Gerhard Beutler  Krzysztof Sośnica  Stefan Schaer  Rolf Dach  Daniel Arnold  Daniela Thaller  Adrian Jäggi 《Journal of Geodesy》2016,90(4):365-378

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