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Fort Morgan Peninsula is an attached portion of a dynamic barrier complex in the northern Gulf of Mexico and is a large tourist
area that brings in a significant amount of revenue for Alabama. Many of the hotels and tourist attractions depend on the
groundwater as their water supply. The over-withdrawal of groundwater and saltwater intrustion will have a negative impact
on the ecology, tourism and economy if groundwater resources are not properly monitored and managed. In this study a calibrated
groundwater flow model was used to analyze the sustainability of groundwater resources at Fort Morgan Peninsula. Detailed
flow budgets were prepared to check the various components of inflow and outflow under different water use and climatic conditions.
The results indicated the locations where groundwater was over-pumped and subjected to saltwater intrusion, or will be subjected
to saltwater intrusion under a range of projected water use and climatic conditions. 相似文献
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A sound understanding of groundwater recharged from various sources occurring at different time scales is crucial for water management in arid and semi-arid river basins. Groundwater recharge sources and their geochemical evolution are investigated for the Heihe River Basin(HRB) in northwest China on the basis of a comprehensive compilation of geochemical and isotopic data. Geochemical massbalance modeling indicates that mountain-block recharge accounts for a small fraction(generally less than 5%) of the shallow and deep groundwater sustaining the oasis, whereas infiltration of rivers and irrigation water contribute most of the groundwater recharge. Dedolomitization is the primary process responsible for the changes in groundwater chemical and carbon isotope compositions from the piedmont to the groundwater discharge zone, where the dedolomitization is very likely enhanced by modern agricultural activities affecting the shallow groundwater quality. Analysis of radioactive isotopes suggests that these primary recharge sources occur at two different time scales. Radiocarbon-derived groundwater age profiles indicate a recharge rate of approximately 12 mm/year, which probably occurred during 2000–7000 years B.P., corresponding to the mid-Holocene humid period. The recharge of young groundwater on the tritium-dated time scale is much higher, about 360 mm/year in the oasis region. Infiltration from irrigation canals and irrigation return flow are the primary contributors to the increased young groundwater recharge. This study suggests that groundwater chemistry in the HRB has been influenced by the complex interaction between natural and human-induced geochemical processes and that anthropogenic effects have played a more significant role in terms of both groundwater quantity and quality. 相似文献
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煤矿坑道钻探装备技术在发展过程中受到诸多不利条件的限制,导致新技术发展滞后,随着我国煤矿大力推进智能化建设,给煤矿坑道钻探装备技术带来了革命性的发展机遇。通过分析了国外坑道钻探装备的技术特点和发展状况,以及国内坑道钻探装备技术的三个阶段发展,包括初级阶段的分体式钻机与稳定组合钻具轨迹控制方法,蓬勃发展阶段的履带式钻机、定向钻进装备技术及松软煤层钻进技术,新发展阶段的自动化和智能化装备技术,提出了今后我国煤矿智能化发展阶段钻探装备技术需要解决的关键问题,为推进钻探装备技术的智能化水平提高提供支撑。 相似文献
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Yong Zhang Dongbao Zhou Maosheng Yin HongGuang Sun Wei Wei Shiyin Li Chunmiao Zheng 《水文研究》2020,34(25):5104-5122
Modelling pollutant transport in water is one of the core tasks of computational hydrology, and various physical models including especially the widely used nonlocal transport models have been developed and applied in the last three decades. No studies, however, have been conducted to systematically assess the applicability, limitations and improvement of these nonlocal transport models. To fill this knowledge gap, this study reviewed, tested and improved the state-of-the-art nonlocal transport models, including their physical background, mathematical formula and especially the capability to quantify conservative tracers moving in one-dimensional sand columns, which represents perhaps the simplest real-world application. Applications showed that, surprisingly, neither the popular time-nonlocal transport models (including the multi-rate mass transfer model, the continuous time random walk framework and the time fractional advection-dispersion equation), nor the spatiotemporally nonlocal transport model (ST-fADE) can accurately fit passive tracers moving through a 15-m-long heterogeneous sand column documented in literature, if a constant dispersion coefficient or dispersivity is used. This is because pollutant transport in heterogeneous media can be scale-dependent (represented by a dispersion coefficient or dispersivity increasing with spatiotemporal scales), non-Fickian (where plume variance increases nonlinearly in time) and/or pre-asymptotic (with transition between non-Fickian and Fickian transport). These different properties cannot be simultaneously and accurately modelled by any of the transport models reviewed by this study. To bypass this limitation, five possible corrections were proposed, and two of them were tested successfully, including a time fractional and space Hausdorff fractal model which minimizes the scale-dependency of the dispersion coefficient in the non-Euclidean space, and a two-region time fractional advection-dispersion equation which accounts for the spatial mixing of solute particles from different mobile domains. Therefore, more efforts are still needed to accurately model transport in non-ideal porous media, and the five model corrections proposed by this study may shed light on these indispensable modelling efforts. 相似文献
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Analysis of groundwater–lake interaction by distributed temperature sensing in Badain Jaran Desert,Northwest China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Badain Jaran Desert is the second largest desert of China with a total area of 49 200 km2. At least 72 perennial lakes are scattered throughout the desert, sustaining a unique desert–lake ecosystem. Groundwater of various origins was believed to play an essential role in maintaining those desert lakes, but hydrological measurements are lacking due to difficult field conditions. This study applied the distributed temperature sensing technique to continuously measure temperature variations in one of the desert lakes – the Badain Lake – to identify groundwater discharge to the lake based on the temperature differences between groundwater and lake water. Because temperature may be influenced by various unforeseen and temporary factors, it is critical to discern those factors that may affect the temperature such as solar radiation and vertical temperature stratification and to ensure that the temperature variations of the lake water as detected by the distributed temperature sensing are mainly caused by groundwater discharge. A time window was identified during which the groundwater discharge is the dominant factor that determines the temperature pattern of the lake water. The results show that the temperature near the eastern and southeastern lakeshore of the eastern Badain Lake is colder than the average, indicating that this area is the main groundwater discharge zone. Near the northwestern lakeshore adjacent to a sand dune, a weak cold abnormal area was identified, indicating that the sand dune is another recharge source to the lake through channelling the local precipitation toward the lake. The contribution from the sand dune, however, appeared to be less than that from the regional groundwater flow. This study provides the first identification of the temperature abnormal areas, which imply groundwater discharges into desert lakes and contributes to a better understanding of the unique desert–lake ecosystem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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太原市地下水动态特征及各地下水系统间关系转变的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据研究区的水文地质条件,分析了地下水的补给、径流、排泄关系.并根据水位资料详细阐明了太原市松散岩类孔隙水和岩溶水水位动态特征,指出水位动态变化的主要影响因素.同时对地下水位漏斗的形成和演化及人类活动影响下各地下水系统间关系的改变进行了研究. 相似文献
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This study evaluates and compares two methodologies, Monte Carlo simple genetic algorithm (MCSGA) and noisy genetic algorithm (NGA), for cost-effective sampling network design in the presence of uncertainties in the hydraulic conductivity (K) field. Both methodologies couple a genetic algorithm (GA) with a numerical flow and transport simulator and a global plume estimator to identify the optimal sampling network for contaminant plume monitoring. The MCSGA approach yields one optimal design each for a large number of realizations generated to represent the uncertain K-field. A composite design is developed on the basis of those potential monitoring wells that are most frequently selected by the individual designs for different K-field realizations. The NGA approach relies on a much smaller sample of K-field realizations and incorporates the average of objective functions associated with all K-field realizations directly into the GA operators, leading to a single optimal design. The efficacy of the MCSGA-based composite design and the NGA-based optimal design is assessed by applying them to 1000 realizations of the K-field and evaluating the relative errors of global mass and higher moments between the plume interpolated from a sampling network and that output by the transport model without any interpolation. For the synthetic application examined in this study, the optimal sampling network obtained using NGA achieves a potential cost savings of 45% while keeping the global mass and higher moment estimation errors comparable to those errors obtained using MCSGA. The results of this study indicate that NGA can be used as a useful surrogate of MCSGA for cost-effective sampling network design under uncertainty. Compared with MCSGA, NGA reduces the optimization runtime by a factor of 6.5. 相似文献
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