The Italian guidelines for seismic risk classification of constructions: technical principles and validation     

Edoardo Cosenza  Ciro Del Vecchio  Marco Di Ludovico  Mauro Dolce  Claudio Moroni  Andrea Prota  Emanuele Renzi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(12):5905-5935

The Italian “Guidelines for the seismic risk classification of constructions” approved in February 2017 define the technical principles for exploiting tax deductions with respect to seismic strengthening interventions on existing buildings (Sismabonus). Tax deductions represent a unique opportunity to improve the seismic safety of the existing Italian building stock. The guidelines are very simple and allow practitioners to deal with the sophisticated concepts behind modern seismic design, such as expected annual losses (EAL) and repair costs (expressed as a fraction of the Reconstruction Cost: %RC). The seismic risk classes of buildings and the class upgrade due to strengthening interventions can be assessed using the principles included in the guidelines. The seismic risk class is the minimum between the class defined by the building safety index at the ultimate limit state and the one related to the EAL. The latter class depends on the area under the curve of the expected losses, which is easily obtained by computing the safety index converted in the return period (annual frequency) at different limit states and the relevant %RC. This paper illustrates the technical principles at the base of the guidelines and the procedure used to calibrate the repair costs associated with the different limit states using the actual repair costs monitored in the reconstruction process following recent Italian earthquakes. Finally, simple tools to estimate the cost of the strengthening interventions to improve the seismic capacity at the life-safety limit states are provided.  相似文献   

Deep tunnel fronts in cohesive soils under undrained conditions: a displacement-based approach for the design of fibreglass reinforcements     

di Prisco  Claudio  Flessati  Luca  Porta  Davide 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(4):1013-1030

The fronts of tunnels excavated under particularly difficult ground conditions by employing conventional tunnelling methods are commonly supported: the stabilization is usually achieved either by improving the mechanical properties of the soil (injections, jet grouting, soil freezing, etc.) or by introducing linear inclusions. This last technique, consisting in the introduction of pipes (usually made of fibreglass reinforced polymers) in the front, is particularly popular since it is very simple to adapt the reinforcement geometry, length and number to the different conditions encountered during the excavation. The design of this reinforcement technique is nowadays based on very simplified approaches: on either empirical formula or the limit equilibrium method. In a previous paper, the authors numerically studied the mechanical response of unreinforced fronts in cohesive soils and defined a non-dimensional front characteristic curve. In this paper, the authors intend to take into consideration the role of reinforcements by following the same approach. A procedure allowing the definition of the reinforced non-dimensional front characteristic curve, once the reinforcement pattern is assigned, is introduced. The practical use of this curve is described.

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Supportive elements to the decision-making process in the emergency planning of the Angra dos Reis Nuclear Power Complex,Brazil     

Corbiniano Silva  Luiz Claudio Gomes Pimentel  Luiz Landau  Paulo Fernando Lavalle Heilbron Filho  Fabiana Guimarães Resende Gobbo  Pryscila de Jesus de Sousa 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(3):133

Accidents in nuclear power plants are problems of great complexity, mainly due to their consequences, such as the population evacuation from the enterprise influence area. The decision-making and emergency plans must be well articulated and require good local geographic space knowledge and the interactions of their environments. This study is a contribution to the emergency plans for the Almirante Álvaro Alberto Nuclear Power Plant, currently the only nuclear complex in Brazil, located in Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro. The study confirmed the region’s main geoenvironmental aspects as winds and rainfall, landslides and population density were evaluated as important elements in the local emergency process. Their integrated analysis supported scenario identification and critical regional points and highlighted population evacuation escape routes. These important results characterized the support to local emergency management actions and guidelines. Furthermore, the geographic information systems was configured as an integrated spatial and temporal analysis platform to associate meteorological, geological/geomorphological and socio-economic data, playing a key role to support the evacuation planning in the event of nuclear power plant accidents.  相似文献   

Acquisition and processing of simultaneous vibroseis data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Claudio Bagaini 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(1):81-100

Numerous methods have been developed in the past three decades to speed up vibroseis acquisition. This paper gives an overview of the most promising ones and proposes a classification of them into three categories: simultaneous shooting, cascaded sweeps and slip-sweep. The principles upon which these methods are based, the processing techniques developed to separate the simultaneously acquired data and their main features are also discussed. Finally, some criteria for the selection of the most suitable methods for the acquisition and the separation stages are proposed.  相似文献   

Sensitivity analysis of CDOM spectral slope in artificial and natural samples: an application in the central eastern Mediterranean Basin     

Luca Bracchini  Antonio Tognazzi  Arduino Massimo Dattilo  Franco Decembrini  Claudio Rossi  Steven Arthur Loiselle 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(4):485-498

In the past two decades, optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in marine environments have been extensively studied. Many of these studies report CDOM properties for the offshore environment where this complex mixture of optically active compounds is strongly diluted. Nevertheless, autochthonous and allochthonous sources have been identified and sinks related to photodegradation and bacterial activity have been demonstrated. The calculation of the spectral slope of the CDOM absorption curve has been proven to be useful and is often reported. However, a rigorous uncertainty analysis of the slope calculation is rarely reported. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the uncertainty of CDOM spectral slope calculated between 270 and 400 nm, using both naturally sampled and artificial solutions. We use these results to study the ultra-oligotrophic waters of the Mediterranean Sea (central eastern basin), where little is known about CDOM spatial distribution. We show that dilutions of both artificial and natural samples produce a Gaussian distribution of spectral slopes, indicating that consistent values may be determined, with a typical uncertainty of ±0.0004 nm⁻¹ when absorption at 300 nm was greater then 0.1 m⁻¹ (0.1 m pathlength). Comparing the distribution of spectral slopes from central eastern basin samples to a Gaussian distribution, we show differences between measurements that were significantly different. These values allow us to distinguish possible sources (algal derived CDOM), sinks (e.g. photo-bleaching) at different depths. We propose a subdivision of CDOM compounds into refractory and semilabile/refractory pools and evaluate the CDOM spectral slope of algal derived CDOM released at or near deep chlorophyll maximum.  相似文献   

Pelagic resources landings in central-southern Chile under the A2 climate change scenarios     

Eleuterio Yáñez  Francisco Plaza  Claudio Silva  Felipe Sánchez  María Ángela Barbieri  Antonio Aranis 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(10):1333-1351

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The impact of disposal of fine-grained sediments from maintenance dredging works on SPM concentration and fluid mud in and outside the harbor of Zeebrugge     

Michael Fettweis  Matthias Baeye  Claudio Cardoso  Arvid Dujardin  Brigitte Lauwaert  Dries Van den Eynde  Thomas Van Hoestenberghe  Joris Vanlede  Luc Van Poucke  Carlos Velez  Chantal Martens 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(11):1497-1516

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Seismic vulnerability of bridges in transport networks subjected to environmental deterioration   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mariano Angelo Zanini  Carlo Pellegrino  Riccardo Morbin  Claudio Modena 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(2):561-579

This paper investigates the problem of management, maintenance and planning of interventions in transport networks located in seismic zones, in relation to the actual state of degradation of their most vulnerable elements, as bridges. The study consists in two phases: the first phase is concerned with definition of the seismic vulnerability of a typical bridge in the network, through the construction of fragility curves calculated taking into account the corrosion of the reinforcing steel as the main cause of environmental deterioration. Once the fragility curves of the deteriorated bridges are computed, the second phase consists in the analysis of the vulnerability of the transport network in which the bridges are included taking into account the modification of the traffic flows when bridge infrastructures are damaged. The results of this pilot study can be used as a first step for a proper allocation of economic resources in the planning of seismic retrofit interventions to minimize the overall risk and manage the immediate post-earthquake emergency phase and guide rescuers in reaching the affected and critical areas.  相似文献   

Modeling water resources of a highly irrigated alluvial plain (Italy): calibrating soil and groundwater models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chiara Vassena  Michele Rienzner  Giansilvio Ponzini  Mauro Giudici  Claudio Gandolfi  Cinzia Durante  Davide Agostani 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(3):449-467

Modern and effective water management in large alluvial plains that have intensive agricultural activity requires the integrated modeling of soil and groundwater. The models should be complex enough to properly simulate several, often non-linear, processes, but simple enough to be effectively calibrated with the available data. An operative, practical approach to calibration is proposed, based on three main aspects. First, the coupling of two models built on well-validated algorithms, to simulate (1) the irrigation system and the soil water balance in the unsaturated zone and (2) the groundwater flow. Second, the solution of the inverse problem of groundwater hydrology with the comparison model method to calibrate the model. Third, the use of appropriate criteria and cross-checks (comparison of the calibration results and of the model outputs with hydraulic and hydrogeological data) to choose the final parameter sets that warrant the physical coherence of the model. The approach has been tested by application to a large and intensively irrigated alluvial basin in northern Italy.  相似文献   

Reply to the comment of Fügenschuh et al. on the paper ‘Estimating displacement along the Brenner Fault and orogen-parallel extension in the Eastern Alps’ by Rosenberg and Garcia, Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) (2011) 100:1129–1145     

Claudio L. Rosenberg  Sebastian Garcia 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2012,101(5):1457-1464

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