Polyphase metamorphism in the eastern Carnic Alps (N Italy–S Austria): clay minerals and conodont Colour Alteration Index evidence     

Covadonga Brime  Maria Cristina Perri  Monica Pondrelli  Claudia Spalletta  Corrado Venturini 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(6):1213-1229

Thermal evolution of the Palaeozoic–Triassic sequences of the Carnic Alps has been characterized by b cell dimension and Kübler Index (illite “crystallinity”) of K-white micas (KI), árkai Index (AI) of chlorites, clay mineral assemblages and conodont Colour Alteration Index (CAI). Data indicate at least two metamorphic events, Variscan and Alpine. In the older event high anchizonal conditions predominated although epizonal conditions were reached over wide areas. It was characterized by low-intermediate pressure facies. The thermal peak was mainly due to an extensional regime during the Bashkirian. A younger thermal overprint generated by Alpine orogeny was of lower grade, reaching high diagenetic–anchizonal conditions characterized by high-pressure facies. Inverted metamorphic patterns are associated with middle to late Miocene thrusting. Hydrothermal alteration in the northern part of the region can be linked with emplacement of Oligocene plutons and high heat flow along the Periadratic lineament. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a spatial rainfall generator for generating high resolution precipitation projections over orographically complex terrain   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Corrado?CameraEmail author  Adriana?Bruggeman  Panos?Hadjinicolaou  Silas?Michaelides  Manfred?A.?Lange 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(3):757-773

Space–time variability of precipitation plays a key role as driver of many environmental processes. The objective of this study is to evaluate a spatiotemporal (STG) Neyman–Scott Rectangular Pulses (NSRP) generator over orographically complex terrain for statistical downscaling of climate models. Data from 145 rain gauges over a 5760-km² area of Cyprus for 1980–2010 were used for this study. The STG was evaluated for its capacity to reproduce basic rainfall statistical properties, spatial intermittency, and extremes. The results were compared with a multi-single site NRSP generator (MSG). The STG performed well in terms of average annual rainfall (+1.5 % in comparison with the 1980–2010 observations), but does not capture spatial intermittency over the study area and extremes well. Daily events above 50 mm were underestimated by 61 %. The MSG produced a similar error (+1.1 %) in terms of average annual rainfall, while the daily extremes (>50-mm) were underestimated by 11 %. A gridding scheme based on scaling coefficients was used to interpolate the MSG data. Projections of three Regional Climate Models, downscaled by MSG, indicate a 1.5–12 % decrease in the mean annual rainfall over Cyprus for 2020–2050. Furthermore, the number of extremes (>50-mm) for the 145 stations is projected to change between ?24 and +2 % for the three models. The MSG modelling approach maintained the daily rainfall statistics at all grid cells, but cannot create spatially consistent daily precipitation maps, limiting its application to spatially disconnected applications. Further research is needed for the development of spatial non-stationary NRSP models.  相似文献   

Chronic oil pollution harms Magellanic penguins in the Southwest Atlantic     

García-Borboroglu P  Boersma PD  Ruoppolo V  Reyes L  Rebstock GA  Griot K  Rodrigues Heredia S  Adornes AC  da Silva RP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(2):193-198

Petroleum pollution is a problem for seabirds along the Southwest Atlantic coast. Twenty-five groups from Salvador, Brazil (12 degrees 58'S) to San Antonio Oeste, Argentina (40 degrees 43'S) survey or rehabilitate sick or oiled seabirds. Four groups, one each in Brazil and Uruguay, and two in Argentina, kept counts of birds found alive and in need of rehabilitation. An average of 63.7% of the seabirds found were Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), with 3869 reported since 1987. Mainly adult penguins were found in Argentina (1605 of 2102 penguins of known age class) and Uruguay (158 of 197). Juveniles were most common in Brazil (234 of 325). Oil fouling was the most frequent cause of injury or sickness. The number of oiled penguins reported in their wintering range has greatly increased since the early 1990s and is strongly correlated with petroleum exports from Argentina. Our results show that chronic petroleum pollution is a problem for wildlife from Southern Brazil through Northern Argentina, and regulations and enforcement are failing to protect living resources.  相似文献   

Variable cosmological “constant” and motion of a test particle in a cloud of dust     

Corrado Massa 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,317(1-2):139-141

We find that Einstein’s like field equations with coordinate-dependent cosmological “constant” Λ(x ⁱ ) imply a non geodesic law of motion for test particles moving in a continuous distribution of incoherent matter (“dust”). The deviation from the geodesic law depends on the derivatives ?Λ/? x ⁱ and, in the weak field approximation, causes an anomalous acceleration A～(Vc ²/γ ρ)?Λ/? t+(c ⁴/γ ρ)?Λ/? r where V=dr/dt, c=the speed of light, γ=8π G with G=the gravitational coupling, ρ=the mass density of the cloud, r and t are the radial and time coordinate respectively. Reasonable assumptions on Λ=Λ(t) give A<10^?8 cm/s² when ρ>10^?29 g/cm³ i.e. in all known astrophysical systems. A possible connection with the anomalous Pioneer acceleration is shortly discussed in the case of a cosmological “constant” coupled to matter.  相似文献   

Formation of cordierite-bearing lavas during anatexis in the lower crust beneath Lipari Island (Aeolian arc,Italy)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Corrado Di Martino  Francesca Forni  Maria Luce Frezzotti  Rosaria Palmeri  James D. Webster  Robert A. Ayuso  Federico Lucchi  Claudio A. Tranne 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(5):1011-1030

Cordierite-bearing lavas (CBL;~105 ka) erupted from the Mt. S. Angelo volcano at Lipari (Aeolian arc, Italy) are high-K andesites, displaying a range in the geochemical and isotopic compositions that reflect heterogeneity in the source and/or processes. CBL consist of megacrysts of Ca-plagioclase and clinopyroxene, euhedral crystals of cordierite and garnet, microphenocrysts of orthopyroxene and plagioclase, set in a heterogeneous rhyodacitic-rhyolitic groundmass containing abundant metamorphic and gabbroic xenoliths. New petrographic, chemical and isotopic data indicate formation of CBL by mixing of basaltic-andesitic magmas and high-K peraluminous rhyolitic magmas of anatectic origin and characterize partial melting processes in the lower continental crust of Lipari. Crustal anatectic melts generated through two main dehydration-melting peritectic reactions of metasedimentary rocks: (1) Biotite + Aluminosilicate + Quartz + Albite = Garnet + Cordierite + K-feldspar + Melt; (2) Biotite + Garnet + Quartz = Orthopyroxene + Cordierite + K-feldspar + Melt. Their position into the petrogenetic grid suggests that heating and consequent melting of metasedimentary rocks occurred at temperatures of 725 < T < 900°C and pressures of 0.4–0.45 GPa. Anatexis in the lower crust of Lipari was induced by protracted emplacement of basic magmas in the lower crust (~130 Ky). Crustal melting of the lower crust at 105 ka affected the volcano evolution, impeding frequent mafic-magma eruptions, and promoting magma stagnation and fractional crystallization processes.  相似文献   

AMICA, an astro-mapper for AMS     

Alessandro Monfardini  Paolo Trampus  Roberto Battiston  Corrado Gargiulo 《Astroparticle Physics》2006,25(6):355-360

The alpha magnetic spectrograph (AMS) is a composite particle detector to be accommodated on the International Space Station (ISS). AMS is mainly devoted to galactic, charged cosmic rays studies, antimatter and dark matter searches. Besides the main, classical physics goals, capabilities in the field of GeV and multi-GeV gamma astrophysics have been established and are under investigation by a number of groups. Due to the unsteadiness of the ISS platform, a star-mapper device is required in order to fully exploit the intrinsic arc-min angular resolution provided by the silicon tracker. A star-mapper is conceptually an imaging, optical instrument able to autonomously recognize a stellar field and to calculate its own orientation with respect to an inertial reference frame. AMICA (Astro Mapper for Instruments Check of Attitude) on AMS is responsible for providing real-time information that is going to be used off-line for compensating the large uncertainties in the ISS flight attitude and the structural degrees of freedom. In this paper, we describe in detail the AMICA sub-system, the accommodation/integration issues and the in-flight alignment procedure adopting identified galactic (Pulsars) and extra-galactic (AGNs) sources.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis on macroscale material models for the prediction of masonry in-plane behavior     

Zizi  Mattia  Chisari  Corrado  Rouhi  Jafar  De Matteis  Gianfranco 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(2):963-996

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - Simulating the mechanical behavior of masonry structures with reasonable approximation using numerical models is a complex issue, mainly due to the...  相似文献   

A comparative study on a complex URM building: part I—sensitivity of the seismic response to different modelling options in the equivalent frame models     

Ottonelli  Daria  Manzini  Carlo Filippo  Marano  Corrado  Cordasco  Emilia Angela  Cattari  Serena 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(4):2115-2158

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - The paper presents the comparison of the results of nonlinear static analyses carried out using six software packages (SWs) available at professional level and...  相似文献   

Cosmic Strings, Varying Gravitational `Constant', and Proton Decay     

Corrado Massa 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2000,271(4):365-369

The idea that pieces of cosmic strings born in the very early universe became the celestial bodies we now observe suggests a link between the proton lifetime and the Cavendish constant G. A varying G might cause a quick proton decay in hot matter and/or in degenerate matter. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Implications of a cosmological term coupled to matter     

Corrado Massa 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,215(1):59-72

The possibility that the cosmological term is proportional toGU, whereG is the gravitational coupling andU is the mass density of the universe is proposed and discussed. WithG = constant, a cosmological model is obtained, which avoids the flatness and horizon problems and does not affect the well known predictions on the cosmic helium abundance which come from standard big bang cosmology. In such model, the deceleration parameter is a null constant, there is matter creation process throughout the universe at the rate 10^–47 g cm^–3 s^–1 and the cosmological term varies asH ² =t ^–2, whereH is the Hubble constant andt is the cosmic time.The possibility of a time-dependentG is then considered. The main consequence of this is that there is a mass creation process on the local scale; the rate of mass creation inside a body of massM is dM/dt =M H. In Section 6 it is suggested that the new matter might be in the form of neutrinos. This suggestion leads to an interesting consequence in celestial mechanics: the radius of a binary system should depend on time according to the nature of the components (the radius of a binary star should decrease, the radius of a planet-moon system should expand, and the orbital radius of a planet should stay constant).  相似文献