全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3636篇 |
免费 | 301篇 |
国内免费 | 720篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 217篇 |
大气科学 | 491篇 |
地球物理 | 1334篇 |
地质学 | 1537篇 |
海洋学 | 365篇 |
天文学 | 154篇 |
综合类 | 105篇 |
自然地理 | 454篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 13篇 |
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 52篇 |
2021年 | 67篇 |
2020年 | 48篇 |
2019年 | 63篇 |
2018年 | 86篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 56篇 |
2014年 | 89篇 |
2013年 | 90篇 |
2012年 | 154篇 |
2011年 | 195篇 |
2010年 | 107篇 |
2009年 | 89篇 |
2008年 | 153篇 |
2007年 | 178篇 |
2006年 | 171篇 |
2005年 | 178篇 |
2004年 | 173篇 |
2003年 | 142篇 |
2002年 | 158篇 |
2001年 | 127篇 |
2000年 | 140篇 |
1999年 | 75篇 |
1998年 | 65篇 |
1997年 | 76篇 |
1996年 | 94篇 |
1995年 | 64篇 |
1994年 | 74篇 |
1993年 | 115篇 |
1992年 | 121篇 |
1991年 | 145篇 |
1990年 | 127篇 |
1989年 | 125篇 |
1988年 | 122篇 |
1987年 | 121篇 |
1986年 | 70篇 |
1985年 | 90篇 |
1984年 | 75篇 |
1983年 | 77篇 |
1982年 | 44篇 |
1981年 | 36篇 |
1980年 | 62篇 |
1974年 | 20篇 |
1959年 | 15篇 |
1958年 | 20篇 |
1957年 | 29篇 |
1956年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有4657条查询结果,搜索用时 285 毫秒
41.
Akcha F Tanguy A Leday G Pelluhet L Budzinski H Chiffoleau JF 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):753-756
DNA single-strand breaks were measured by the comet assay in both gill and hemolymph cells of mussels collected in 3 sampling areas of the French coast (Pointe du Castelli, Pen Bron and Saint-Nazaire Harbour). Whole mussel tissue samples were also collected for the chemical determination of PAH, PCB and heavy metal concentrations. In mussel, a higher level of DNA strand breaks was measured in gill than in hemolymph cells (p < 0.01). Despite a factor of contamination from 2 to 3 between sites, no difference in the extent of mussel DNA strand breaks was shown between sampling locations (p > 0.05), questioning the sensitivity of the assays used in biomonitoring studies. 相似文献
42.
43.
Responses of a Mediterranean soft bottom community to short-term (1993-1996) hydrological changes in the Rhone river 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The polychaete fauna of muddy bottoms off the Rhone delta (NW Mediterranean) was seasonally sampled at two sites at 70 m depth, from 1993 to 1996. During this period, five severe flood events occurred. A clustering analysis (distance coefficient of Whittaker) and three way fixed factor ANOVAs (site x season x year) showed strong year-to-year changes in species density and community structure, changes that masked seasonal variations. Total density increased by a factor of 3 and density of most species significantly increased following the first flooding event. Changes in the community structure were due to the successive dominance of a few species. The opportunistic species, such as Cossura sp., Mediomastus sp. and Polycirrus sp., exhibited peaks in density 1-3 months after the flood. These peaks were followed by a drastic decline. For species with a long life span, such as Sternaspis scutata, a slower but continuous increase in density was observed which was maintained for several months. The density fluctuations of these species exhibited a good correlation with river flow with time lags of 1-2 years. The successional dynamics observed are explained according to the geographical origin of the floods and the biology and feeding ecology of species. 相似文献
44.
双刺镰状水蚤Drepanopus bispinosus为南极沿海伯尔顿盐湖(Burton lake)中的越冬种类之一,其雌性性成熟大约于每年的初冬季节,在随后8个多月的生活史中,经历了一个盐度从33(5月份)到39(11月份)的环境变化.本文报道了该水蚤雌性成体对环境盐度适应的季节差异,动物在冬季的耐低盐能力较夏季强,从冬季到夏季,动物对盐度的适应范围明显地向高盐度方向偏移,这与环境盐度对动物的驯化有关.在低盐水中,动物的呼吸率增高,且夏季大于冬季,因而进一步证实了环境盐度的变化对动物盐度适应性的影响. 相似文献
45.
众所周知 ,太平洋东北部洋中脊的热液排放受地震扰动的影响 ,但是这些扰动起因于海底火山活动 ,直到现在 ,也没有观察到热液体系受非岩浆作用的构造事件的影响。这里我们报道了1999年6月在明显为构造成因的震群之前、期间和之后从胡安·德富卡海岭的几个热液喷口测量的热液排放的温度。排放流体温度在第一次地震之后4~11d开始上升 ,第一次上升之后 ,在到达较高温度值之前喷口温度波动了约一个月。我们也观察到了从热液体系中输出的流体在至少80d内提高了10倍 ,并沿着整个海岭段延伸。与相对温和的构造活动对应的这样一个大的… 相似文献
46.
沃姆瑟塔拉河是一条中等河流,起源于山口东部的丘陵区.流域盆地的主要地质建造由榴英硅线变质岩、紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩组成.时代属太古代.流域盆地属半干旱-干旱气候。 相似文献
47.
48.
文中介绍了一项二层流体内密度界面处湍流挟卷的实验室研究。实验结果表明,有表面波存在时,混合层下密度界面处的挟卷速度较之无表面波时有明显的增大。这个实验事实的可能的海洋学含义为:不破碎的表面势波对于混合层内湍流有强化的作用,因而成为在考查密跃层变迁问题中应考虑在内的动力因素。 相似文献
49.
菲律宾海的锰结壳和锰结核 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
西马里亚纳海盆和菲律宾海盆发育的锰结核是典型的深海结核。其丰度为0~15kg/m2,平均为3.5kg/m2,Ni+Cu+Co的平均含量为0.59%,最大含量为0.93%,平均Mn/Fe值为0.73.九州帛琉海脊和中央海脊发育的锰结壳和锰结核十分丰富。采集到的大块结壳表面直径可达到300~500mm,最大厚度为32~35mm,采集到的结核最大丰度可达到18.7kg/m2,Ni+Cu+Co的平均含量为0.62%,Co的含量最大为0.57%,平均Mn/Fe值为0.95.上述海盆和海脊上的结核和结壳主要锰矿物相均为水羟锰矿,属水成成因和较低的氧化生成条件,结核的形成时代为更新世以来。据结核和结壳的金属品位,尤其是Co的含量来看,目前尚不具经济潜力。 相似文献
50.
We find that early sea urchin embryos have the capability to induce programmed cell death, or apoptosis, in response to chemical and physical stress. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos (fertilized, 4 cell, 16 cell, 64 cell, and early blastula) were exposed to known cytotoxins, in order to determine when apoptosis occurs naturally and in response to stress. Using cell permeability as an indicator of early stage apoptosis, caspase activation as a mid-stage indicator, and DNA fragmentation as a late stage indicator, we find that during the cleavage stage of embryogenesis apoptosis is almost completely absent. However, a statistically significant (p<0.001) rise in apoptosis in stressed embryos is evident around 24 h after fertilization, during the early blastula stage and shortly after hatching. Before this stage, exposed embryos show no statistically significant increases in apoptosis in comparison to the controls. This pattern of apoptosis in development is similar to that seen in lower vertebrate models in which stress-induced apoptosis occurs only around the mid-blastula transition. We conclude that apoptosis may be used to rid embryos of aberrant or damaged cells in early development, but this response is stage-dependant. Repair, rather than apoptosis, may be utilized during earlier stages, or alternatively, embryos exposed to such stressors may continue development with damaged cells and perhaps damaged DNA. Our continued studies will focus on these alternative hypotheses. 相似文献