中帕米尔塔什库尔干早白垩世二云母花岗岩与中‒基性包体的岩石成因及其地质意义     

马鑫  但卫  王强  杨亚楠  唐国荣  唐功建 《大地构造与成矿学》2022,46(2):380-397

中?南帕米尔在早白垩世发生了岩浆爆发事件,出露的花岗质岩基规模巨大并且分布广泛.这些白垩纪花岗质岩石为钙碱性系列,具有弧岩浆岩的微量元素特征,可能形成于Shyok洋和/或新特提斯洋的北向俯冲环境,但其岩石成因与动力过程仍然不清楚.本文对中帕米尔塔什库尔干地区的二云母花岗岩与中?基性包体开展了二次离子质谱(SIMS)锆石...  相似文献   

广州地区人为热释放的日变化和年际变化估算     

占俊杰  丹利 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(6):726-734

基于《广州市统计年鉴》2001~2012年数据估算了广州2000~2011年人为热释放的日变化以及年际变化,计算中考虑了人类新陈代谢、工业、交通以及生活排放人为热。计算结果显示:4种排放源中工业12年平均达到了55%,交通达到36%,其次依次为生活排放和新陈代谢排放。总的人为热在这12年时间里大致呈现上升的趋势,从2000年的2.7×1017 J增加到2011年的4.4×1017 J,但在2006年后有小幅的下降,这主要是由于工业释放是人为热释放的主要部分,在2006年后工业能源效率有所提高以致能源消耗排放率下降造成的。日变化在10:00(北京时间,下同)和14:00达到最大,并且12年间随时间的推移日变化呈现出下降的趋势,主要是由于城市化进程的速度远远快于能源消耗、人口和车辆保有量增加的速度。对比WRF模式中城市模块中的人为热释放的日变化系数,这些原始系数在广州使用的误差主要与广州地区和西方国家的生产生活作息时间有关。  相似文献   

Analysis of fossil testate amoebae in Selisoo Bog,Estonia: local variability and implications for palaeoecological reconstructions in peatlands     

EVE NIINEMETS  MARGUS PENSA  DAN J. CHARMAN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2011,40(2):367-378

Niinemets, E., Pensa, M. & Charman, D. J. 2010: Analysis of fossil testate amoebae in Selisoo Bog, Estonia: local variability and implications for palaeoecological reconstructions in peatlands. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00188.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Local variability in decadal water‐table changes on an ombrotrophic peatland was explored using testate amoebae analysis of near‐surface peats in an Estonian raised bog. The distribution of testate amoebae assemblages was studied along the gradient from hummock to hollow in the upper 30‐cm layer of peat. As expected, testate amoebae assemblages in different micro‐ecotypes from hummock to hollow, even as close as 10 m apart, are distinctly different. Past water‐table change was reconstructed by applying a transfer function based on modern samples from throughout Europe. Results show a decline in water level from the mid‐late 20th century on Selisoo bog in all profiles from the different micro‐ecotypes. However, the absolute water‐table depths and amplitudes of fluctuations vary between reconstructions from different sampling micro‐ecotypes. Cores were correlated using changes in non‐mire pollen concentrations down‐core, but it was not possible to correlate minor changes in water‐table owing to non‐contiguous sampling and variable accumulation rates. We conclude that different microtopes show the same decadal trends in relative water‐table change but that the absolute magnitude of change may be more variable locally. It is important that reconstructed palaeohydrological changes in bogs consider changes in bog micro‐ecotypes, and their variation over time, as this may alter the sensitivity of an individual record to drivers such as climate change. Comparison and compilation of data from parallel cores from different micro‐ecotypes and/or different sites are likely to provide more robust reconstructions.  相似文献   

Multi‐proxy evidence for early to mid‐Holocene environmental and climatic changes in northeastern Poland     

STEFAN LAUTERBACH  ACHIM BRAUER  NILS ANDERSEN  DAN L. DANIELOPOL  PETER DULSKI  MATTHIAS HÜLS  KRYSTYNA MILECKA  TADEUSZ NAMIOTKO  BIRGIT PLESSEN  ULRICH VON GRAFENSTEIN  DECLAKES PARTICIPANTS 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2011,40(1):57-72

Lauterbach, S., Brauer, A., Andersen, N., Danielopol, D. L., Dulski, P., Hüls, M., Milecka, K., Namiotko, T., Plessen, B., von Grafenstein, U. & DecLakes participants 2010: Multi‐proxy evidence for early to mid‐Holocene environmental and climatic changes in northeastern Poland. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00159.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. We investigated the sedimentary record of Lake Hańcza (northeastern Poland) using a multi‐proxy approach, focusing on early to mid‐Holocene climatic and environmental changes. AMS ¹⁴C dating of terrestrial macrofossils and sedimentation rate estimates from occasional varve thickness measurements were used to establish a chronology. The onset of the Holocene at c. 11 600 cal. a BP is marked by the decline of Lateglacial shrub vegetation and a shift from clastic‐detrital deposition to an autochthonous sedimentation dominated by biochemical calcite precipitation. Between 10 000 and 9000 cal. a BP, a further environmental and climatic improvement is indicated by the spread of deciduous forests, an increase in lake organic matter and a 1.7‰ rise in the oxygen isotope ratios of both endogenic calcite and ostracod valves. Rising δ¹⁸O values were probably caused by a combination of hydrological and climatic factors. The persistence of relatively cold and dry climate conditions in northeastern Poland during the first one and a half millennia of the Holocene could be related to a regional eastern European atmospheric circulation pattern. Prevailing anticyclonic circulation linked to a high‐pressure cell above the retreating Scandinavian Ice Sheet might have blocked the influence of warm and moist Westerlies and attenuated the early Holocene climatic amelioration in the Lake Hańcza region until the final decay of the ice sheet.  相似文献   

New insights into Holocene atmospheric circulation dynamics in central Scandinavia inferred from oxygen‐isotope records of lake‐sediment cellulose     

NATALIE A. ST. AMOUR  DAN HAMMARLUND  THOMAS W.D. EDWARDS  BRENT B. WOLFE 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2010,39(4):770-782

St. Amour, N. A., Hammarlund, D., Edwards, T. W. D. & Wolfe, B. B. 2010: New insights into Holocene atmospheric circulation dynamics in central Scandinavia inferred from oxygen‐isotope records of lake‐sediment cellulose. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 770–782. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00169.x. ISSN 0300‐9843 Cellulose‐inferred lakewater oxygen‐isotope records have been obtained from two hydrologically open basins (Lake Spåime and Lake Svartkälstjärn), located on a west–east transect across central Sweden, to investigate changes in atmospheric circulation patterns during the Holocene. The Lake Spåime δ¹⁸O record is sensitive to changes in the seasonal distribution of precipitation in the Scandes Mountains of west‐central Sweden, and thus generally portrays variations in δ¹⁸O of precipitation (δ¹⁸O_P) that are governed predominantly by the influence of air masses originating from the North Atlantic. In contrast, the Lake Svartkälstjärn δ¹⁸O record appears to reflect the varying influence of air masses delivering moisture from the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. A comparison of inferred changes in δ¹⁸O_P over the Holocene between the two sites reveals systematic patterns of variability over widely different time scales. These include: (1) a previously recognized long‐term regional decline in δ¹⁸O_P, possibly in response to the declining vigour of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation related to decreasing summer solar insolation; (2) newly identified inverse centennial‐ to millennial‐scale δ¹⁸O_P fluctuations at the two sites that may be linked to changes in modes of atmospheric circulation analogous to those described at interannual to multidecadal time scales by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index; and (3) a prolonged interval of apparent climatic stability in the mid‐Holocene (c. 6300–4200 cal. yr BP) characterized by persistently negative NAO‐like circulation.  相似文献   

Melt Generation and Movement beneath Theistareykir, NE Iceland   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

SLATER  LUCY; McKENZIE  DAN; GRONVOLD  KARL; SHIMIZU  NOBU 《Journal of Petrology》2001,42(2):321-354

A detailed study of the volume and composition of all the lavasfrom the Theistareykir segment of the Northern Volcanic Zoneof Iceland was designed to study basaltic melt generation andmovement beneath a spreading ridge. The trace element compositionsof the lavas are variable, and those of melt inclusions in olivine,clinopyroxene and plagioclase phenocrysts even more so. We showthat this variability can be produced by mixing instantaneousmelts produced by isentropic decompression of mantle whose initialpotential temperature is 1480°C, and that the calculatedvolume and composition of the average melt is consistent withgeophysical and petrological observations. Pressure and temperatureestimates suggest that the phenocrysts form in the upper mantle,at depths of 30–40 km, and trap melts formed at greaterdepths. Some mixing of the instantaneous melts occurs beforethe melt is trapped, and more mixing occurs before the lavasare erupted. A similar model can account for the compositionof melt inclusions from the FAMOUS area of the Mid-AtlanticRidge, and from the Gorda and Juan de Fuca Ridges. KEY WORDS: basalt; Iceland; melt inclusions; melting; ridges  相似文献   

大别超高压榴辉岩高温高压下电导率实验研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

朱茂旭  谢鸿森  赵志丹  郭捷  白武明 《地球物理学报》2001,44(1):93-102

为研究大陆中下地壳高导层成因及与物质组成之间的关系，用模拟实验的方法在不同的温度、压力条件下分别测定了干的和1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩的电导率.结果表明，干榴辉岩平行线理方向的电导率比垂直于线理方向的高，但两个方向上的活化能相近.在中下地壳条件下，干榴辉岩的电导率比中下地壳高导层电导率值低几个数量级.常温下1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩两个方向上的电导率对压力具有不同的依赖性；在中下地壳条件下，1mol/LNaCl溶液饱和的榴辉岩的电导率可达到一般高导层的电导率值.无论干的还是饱和的榴辉岩都不能解释大别山20-50km深处的高导层成因，因此，在该深度范围内榴辉岩不可能是主要的岩石组成.  相似文献   

秦岭─大别造山带及其南北缘地震层析成像   总被引：27，自引：8，他引：27       下载免费PDF全文

刘建华  刘福田 《地球物理学报》1995,38(1):46-54

利用秦岭─大别造山带及其毗邻地区３１０个地震台站记录到的区域地震２３６００条Ｐ波到时数据，重建了该区地壳和上地幔三维速度图像。结果表明：１．秦岭─大别造山带及其毗邻地区地壳和上地幔存在显著的横向不均匀性，直至１１０ｋｍ深度处依然明显。２．地壳上部的速度图像与地表地质构造密切相关：造山带隆起区显著高速；盆地及坳陷区明显低速。由速度鲜明对比勾勒出的秦岭─大别造山带南界基本上位于扬子北缘主边断裂带上。３．中地壳的速度图像表明，造山带内部的一些低速区对应于一些大型推覆构造。４．４０＋０ｋｍ深度处的速度图像反映了该区莫霍界面深度的起伏。大致以１０７°Ｅ为界，以东地区地壳厚度小于４０ｋｍ，以西地区大于４０ｋｍ，且呈现出往西地壳逐渐加厚的趋势。５．位于滦川、商县、丹凤的北秦岭构造带，上地幔顶部出现低速异常，异常速度值约为７．３９-７．５５ｋｍ／ｓ。结合地球物理测深的结果，可能是由下地壳、上地幔顶部的热过程所致。  相似文献   

四川盐源磨耳哥地区铁多金属矿找矿前景分析     

旦贵兵  田中保  杨大宏 《四川地质学报》2004,24(3):129-133

盐源县阿萨乡磨耳哥一带，铁、铜、铅、锌、金、银等多金属矿受地层、构造双重控制。通过对该矿集区区域成矿地质背景、含矿地层、控矿构造、矿化带特征、矿体特征、矿物组合、找矿标志等进行研究分析，认为该区成矿地质条件较好，通过进一步地质工作可望发现较大的铁多金属矿床。  相似文献   

南京新济洲湿地生态恢复研究   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

王保忠  计家荣  骆林川  王彩霞  但新球  何平  时训华  董国政 《湿地科学》2006,4(3):210-218

以新济洲湿地为例,研究了长江洲滩湿地生态恢复的内涵,提出了生态恢复工程方案。新济洲湿地位于长江下游南京市江宁区段,由于自然因素和人为因素的影响,该湿地结构和功能发生了明显的变化。通过对新济洲湿地的野外研究,分析了退化湿地生态系统的特征,从湿地生境、生物、结构与功能方面阐述了生态恢复的总体构想,研究了湿地恢复的工程手段与可持续利用模式。新济洲湿地生境恢复包括栖息地、基底、水体和土壤的恢复;湿地生物恢复途径有提高植被覆盖率、控制外来物种和保护野生动植物;湿地结构与功能恢复内容包括生态序列重建,生态系统、湿地景观与生物多样性恢复。湿地恢复的工程手段有景观建设、功能区建设、生态定位站、血吸虫防治、植被移植、防护林和河道整治等;湿地可持续利用模式包括桑基鱼塘、生态农业与生态旅游。  相似文献