CHIRICAHUA APACHE HOMELAND IN THE BORDERLAND SOUTHWEST*     

DANIEL D. ARREOLA 《Geographical review》2012,102(1):111-131

The creation of the present United States‐Mexico boundary in the mid‐nineteenth century interrupted and disregarded the traditional territorial space of the Chiricahua Apache, whose ancestral homeland transcended this new line. As a result of their land claims, the United States created a reservation for the Chiricahua Apache, but it was later withdrawn. Today members of this group officially reside among Mescalero Apache in New Mexico and Fort Sill Apache in Oklahoma. This essay assesses the historic and contemporary impact of geographical borderland changes for the Chiricahua Apache and discusses the legacy of a transformed homeland.  相似文献   

Feldspathoidal Syenite in a Quartz Diabase Sill, Brookville, New Jersey     

BARKER  DANIEL S.; LONG  LEON E. 《Journal of Petrology》1969,10(2):202-221

Nepheline- and analcime-bearing syenite occurs at the uppercontact of a quartz diabase sill with the Lockatong Argilliteat Brookville, New Jersey. The syenite is intimately mixed withgranophyre that formed by fractional crystallization of basalticmagma and accumulated near the top of the sill. Some of theresidual liquid now represented by granophyre reacted with silica-poor,sodium-rich argillite to form the syenite. Initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratios (assuming an age of 190 m. y.) are0.7144–0.7147 for the unmetamorphosed and the hornfelsedargillite, 0.7067 for the granophyre, 0.7058 for the diabase,and intermediate values of 0.7128–0.7131 for the syenite. The isotopic evidence agrees with field, petrographic, experimental,and chemical data supporting assimilation. Alternative hypothesesof syenite formation by separate intrusion, differentiation,or partial melting of Lockatong Argillite are contradicted bythe data. Isotopic and normative data strongly suggest that syenite formedfrom argillite and granophyre in the proportions three or fourto one; during the assimilation process the country rock actedas solvent and the intrusive as solute.  相似文献   

赞比亚东北部卡萨马群形成环境:碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素的限定          下载免费PDF全文

任军平  王杰  孙宏伟  冯琳  左立波  古阿雷  贺福清  CHIPILAUKA Mukofu  ALPHET PHASKANI Dokowe  EZEKIAH Chikambwe  CHIWSHIMBA Canisius  DANIEL Malunga 《中国地质》2019,46(3):575-586

赞比亚东北部班韦乌卢地块受到其东北部的古元古代乌本迪构造带、西北部的中元古代基巴拉构造带、东南部的中元古代伊鲁米德构造带及西南部泛非期卢弗里安构造带的影响。班韦乌卢地块主要由基底和沉积盖层两部分组成。其中,基底主要由片岩带、安山质-流纹质变质火山岩、花岗岩类岩基及其他侵入体组成。沉积盖层从老至新依次为姆波罗科索群、卡萨马群、加丹加超群及新生代的河流相和湖泊相沉积。本文对卡萨马地区的卡萨马群地质特征、碎屑锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素及地球化学特征进行了系统研究,获得卡萨马群中紫红色粉砂岩的32颗碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄多集中在(1849±23)～(1993±21)Ma,卡萨马群的形成时代可能晚于(1434±14)Ma,属于中元古代,其中22颗锆石(176Hf/177Hf)i为0.281049～0.281618,εHf(t)为-12.8～-1.6,二阶段模式年龄变化范围为2406～3487 Ma。对卡萨马群的砂岩进行了稀土元素分析和微量元素分析,结果显示卡萨马群砂岩δEu负异常明显,投点主要落在沉积岩区;微量元素显示砂岩形成于被动大陆边缘环境。  相似文献   

赞比亚北部省卡萨马西部石英闪长岩锆石U- Pb和Lu- Hf同位素及地球化学特征     

任军平  王杰  左立波  古阿雷  孙宏伟  许康康  CHIPILAUKA Mukofu  ALPHET PHASKANI Dokowe  EZEKIAH Chikambwe  CHISHIMBA Canisius  DANIEL Malunga 《地质学报》2019,93(11):2832-2846

石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素及地球化学特征研究对赞比亚东北部班韦乌卢地块的形成时代及构造演化具有重要的研究意义。采用LA-MC-ICP MS方法测得班韦乌卢地块中卡萨马西部地区出露的两个石英闪长岩体中锆石的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄加权平均值分别为1964±8 Ma(MSWD=0.87,N=32)和1913±10 Ma(MSWD=0.77,N=19),表明两期石英闪长岩均形成于古元古代且可能与古元古代乌本迪构造带的活动有关。全岩地球化学分析显示,石英闪长岩属准铝质、高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土配分曲线均呈右倾型,具有富含轻稀土元素(LREE)、贫重稀土元素(HREE)以及δEu (0.77～0.80)弱负异常特点。微量元素均显示大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba及K)和活泼的不相容元素(如Th及U)相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Sr和Ti相对亏损。Nd/Th=3.60～4.65,Nb/Ta=12.05～13.87,Th/Ta=11.14～11.81,Ti/Zr=36.84～41.71,Ti/Y=220.28～300.00和具有不均一的ε_(Hf)(t)值(分别为-3.8～1.3和-4.3～8.6)均显示石英闪长岩的原始岩浆具有壳幔混合的特点。Zr/Y=5.98～7.19,La/Nb=2.91～3.88,La/Yb=12.19～13.92及构造判别图解均显示石英闪长岩形成于安第斯型活动大陆边缘。  相似文献   

PERSONALITY,GEOGRAPHICAL ART,AND LESSONS FROM SAUER'S MEXICO     

DANIEL D. ARREOLA 《Geographical review》2010,100(3):291-294

Editors' note: This essay by Dan Arreola begins the second set of retrospective pieces commissioned to celebrate the centennial volume. Members of the Editorial Board responded to our request to prepare brief commentaries on landmark Geographical Review articles that were influential in their professional careers. Although many other articles touched the minds of emerging scholars, this small sampling covers a fairly wide swath of the fabric of American geography. It also reminds us that each future article has the potential to have a similar enduring value and help open new intellectual vistas. In addition to Arrreola's piece, the short essays include the musings of Barry Keim, Susan Walcott, Larry Ford, and Risa Palm.  相似文献   

NO_x during ozone depletion events in the arctic troposphere at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard     

HARALD J. BEINE  DANIEL A. JAFFE  FRODE STORDAL  MAGNUZ ENGARDT  SVERRE SOLBERG  NORBERT SCHMIDBAUER  KIM HOLMÉN 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1997,49(5):556-565

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The influence of interior gradients of potential vorticity on rapid cyclogenesis     

JOSEPH A. ZEHNDER  DANIEL KEYSER 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》1991,43(3):198-212

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Phase Relations and Stability of Magnetoplumbite- and Crichtonite-Series Phases under Upper-Mantle P-T Conditions: an Experimental Study to 15 GPa with Implications for LILE Metasomatism in the Lithospheric Mantle     

KONZETT  JURGEN; YANG  HEXIONG; FROST  DANIEL J. 《Journal of Petrology》2005,46(4):749-781

High-pressure–high-temperature experiments were performedin the range 7–15 GPa and 1300–1600°C to investigatethe stability and phase relations of the K- and Ba-dominantmembers of the crichtonite and magnetoplumbite series of phasesin simplified bulk compositions in the systems TiO₂–ZrO₂–Cr₂O₃–Fe₂O₃–BaO–K₂Oand TiO₂–Cr₂O₃–Fe₂O₃–BaO–K₂O. Both seriesof phases occur as inclusions in diamond and/or as constituentsof metasomatized peridotite mantle xenoliths sampled by kimberlitesor alkaline lamprophyres. They can accommodate large ion lithophileelements (LILE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) on awt % level and, hence, can critically influence the LILE andHFSE budget of a metasomatized peridotite even if present onlyin trace amounts. The Ba and K end-members of the crichtoniteseries, lindsleyite and mathiasite, are stable to 11 GPa and1500–1600°C. Between 11 and 12 GPa, lindsleyite breaksdown to form two Ba–Cr-titanates of unknown structurethat persist to at least 13 GPa. The high-pressure breakdownproduct of mathiasite is a K–Cr-titanate with an idealizedformula KM₇O₁₂, where M = Ti, Cr, Mg, Fe. This phase possessesspace group P6₃/m with a = 9·175(2) Å, c = 2·879(1)Å, V = 209·9(1) ų. Towards high temperatures,lindsleyite persists to 1600°C, whereas mathiasite breaksdown between 1500 and 1600°C to form a number of complexTi–Cr-oxides. Ba and K end-members of the magnetoplumbiteseries, hawthorneite and yimengite, are stable in runs at 7,10 and 15 GPa between 1300 and 1400°C coexisting with anumber of Ti–Cr-oxides. Molar mixtures (1:1) of lindsleyite–mathiasiteand hawthorneite–yimengite were studied at 7–10GPa and 1300–1400°C, and 9–15 GPa and 1150–1400°C,respectively. In the system lindsleyite–mathiasite, onehomogeneous Ba–K phase is stable, which shows a systematicincrease in the K/(K + Ba) ratio with increasing pressure. Inthe system hawthorneite–yimengite, two coexisting Ba–Kphases appear, which are Ba rich and Ba poor, respectively.The data obtained from this study suggest that Ba- and K-dominantmembers of the crichtonite and magnetoplumbite series of phasesare potentially stable not only throughout the entire subcontinentallithosphere but also under conditions of an average present-daymantle adiabat in the underlying asthenosphere to a depth ofup to 450 km. At still higher pressures, both K and Ba may remainstored in alkali titanates that would also be eminently suitablefor the transport of other ions with large ionic radii. KEY WORDS: crichtonite; magnetoplumbite; high-P–T experiments; phase relations; upper mantle  相似文献   

The orientation of helical flow in curved channels     

RANSOME K. T. CORNEY†  JEFFREY PEAKALL  DANIEL R. PARSONS  LIONEL ELLIOTT†  KATHRYN J. AMOS  JAMES L. BEST  GARETH M. KEEVIL  DEREK B. INGHAM† 《Sedimentology》2006,53(2):249-257

The planform patterns of meandering submarine channels and subaerial fluvial bends show many similarities that have given rise to strong analogies concerning the fluid dynamics of these channel types. Existing models of helical motion in open‐channel bends depict flow that is characterized by surface flow towards the outer bank, and basal flow towards the inner bank. This paper investigates and compares, through an analytical model and physical experiment, flows within fluvial meanders, and submarine channel bends that contain density‐driven gravity currents. The results indicate that the sense of helical motion can be reversed in submarine bends that contain density currents when compared with fluvial bends, and that the orientation of the helical flow is dependent on the vertical distribution of downstream velocity. Specifically, the sense of helical motion is reversed in bends when the maximum downstream velocity is near the bed, resulting in near‐bed flow towards the outer bank. These findings suggest that the dynamics of sediment transport and deposition in curved channels with such velocity profiles will be fundamentally different to those currently assumed from sinuous open‐channels.  相似文献   

Properties of Synthetic Triclinic KFeSi3O8, Iron-microcline, with some Observations on the Iron-microcline{rightleftharpoons}Iron-sanidine Transition     

WONES  DAVID R.; APPLEMAN  DANIEL E. 《Journal of Petrology》1963,4(1):131-137

Triclinic KFeSi₃O₈, iron-microcline, has been synthesized fromoxide mixes and by complete conversion of monoclinic KFeSi₃O₈,iron-sanidine. Iron-microcline is triclinic, C, a=8?68?0?01?, b=13?10?0?01, c=7?34?0?01, =90? 45'?10', ß=116?03'?10', =86?14'?10'. The optical properties (Na light) are:=1?585?0?002, ß=1?596?0?002, =1?605?0?002, 2V=85?(calc.), Xb, Z c=20??5?. A reversible phase transition betweentriclinic and monoclinic KFeSi₃O₈ occurs at 704??6? C at 2000bars total pressure. Iron-microcline is the low-temperaturepolymorph; no intermediate polymorphs were observed in eitherhydrothermal or dry heating experiments.  相似文献