Zinc concentrations in marine macroalgae and a lichen from western Ireland in relation to phylogenetic grouping, habitat and morphology     

Stengel DB  Macken A  Morrison L  Morley N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(9-10):902-909

Zinc concentrations in 19 species of marine macroalgae and a lichen from western Ireland (Spiddal, Co. Galway) were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Algae were collected from a single site but occupied different shore levels and belonged to distinct phylogenetic groupings and to different (previously recognised) morphological groups. Concentrations ranged from 15-115 microg g(-1) dry weight. The greatest variation in concentration occurred amongst the red algal species, containing both maximum and minimum concentrations. Zn concentrations in brown and green algae were generally lower than those in red algae. When grouped according to thallus morphology, thin, branched sheets (which consisted mainly of red algae) contained the highest Zn concentrations. In filamentous algae, Zn levels were higher than in thick-leathery or coarsely branched algae. However, all green algal species examined had similar Zn concentrations, despite their different morphologies. In brown algae, the highest Zn levels were detected in mid-shore fucoids (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus), while thicker, subtidal and low-shore brown algae (Laminaria digitata, Halydris siliquosa) exhibited lower Zn concentrations. The lowest Zn concentrations were detected in high-intertidal species (Fucus spiralis, Pelvetia canaliculata), the only marine lichen examined (Ramalina siliquosa) and a red crustose alga (Corallina officinalis). In all morphological groups, red algal representatives contained relatively higher levels of Zn, the exception being Corallina officinalis. Zn levels in 4 species from a second, estuarine site in Galway Bay exhibited the same relative differences amongst species, but were all consistently higher than in algae from Spiddal. It is concluded that Zn accumulation in macroalgae is closely related to ecological growth strategies, following a functional-form model. However, the phylogenetic origin of species which determines carbohydrate and phenol composition, and responses to ambient environmental conditions ultimately determine, the availability of binding sites for polyvalent cations.  相似文献   

乌努格吐山斑岩型铜钼矿床地球化学异常结构研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

梁胜跃  马生明  朱立新  刘崇民  陈晓锋 《物探与化探》2010,34(2)

以乌努格吐山试验区钻孔岩芯中MgO、CaO、Na2O贫化现象为切入点,结合乌努格吐山斑岩铜钼矿床蚀变分带明显和矿化特征,发现钻孔中CaO、MgO、Na2O等组分相对各自丰度明显贫化的信息可以反映到地表岩石上来。讨论了这种贫化信息与成矿元素Cu、Mo在钻孔岩芯和地表岩石中的关系,并对该试验区47种元素的地球化学特征进行研究,讨论了这些元素的富集贫化特征与成矿元素和CaO、MgO、Na2O等组分构成的整体元素地球化学特征。根据该矿床的富集与贫化两类元素所表现的地球化学特征,建立该矿床地球化学异常结构。此项成果对斑岩型铜钼矿床地球化学勘查方法与理论的完善具有重要意义。  相似文献   

土壤生态地球化学基准值及其确定方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡树起  马生明  朱立新  刘崇民  王之峰 《物探与化探》2006,30(2):95-99

从科研工作的实际需要出发,引入了"生态地球化学基准场"这一概念,并以此为基础探讨了土壤生态地球化学基准值的涵义及其概念。以漳州研究区试验结果为例,应用相关关系法有效地确定了土壤生态地球化学基准值,为相关研究提供了思路和参考案例。  相似文献   

A nested-cell approach for in situ remediation     

Luo J  Wu W  Fienen MN  Jardine PM  Mehlhorn TL  Watson DB  Cirpka OA  Criddle CS  Kitanidis PK 《Ground water》2006,44(2):266-274

We characterize the hydraulics of an extraction-injection well pair in arbitrarily oriented regional flow by the recirculation ratio, area, and average residence time in the recirculation zone. Erratic regional flow conditions may compromise the performance of the reactor between a single well pair. We propose an alternative four-well system: two downgradient extraction and two upgradient injection wells creating an inner cell nested within an outer cell. The outer cell protects the inner cell from the influence of regional flow. Compared to a two-well system, the proposed four-well system has several advantages: (1) the recirculation ratio within the nested inner cell is less sensitive to the regional flow direction; (2) a transitional recirculation zone between the inner and outer cells can capture flow leakage from the inner cell, minimizing the release of untreated contaminants; and (3) the size of the recirculation zone and residence times can be better controlled within the inner cell by changing the pumping rates. The system is applied at the Field Research Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where experiments on microbial in situ reduction of uranium (VI) are under way.  相似文献   

Acetylthiocholine (ATC)--cleaving cholinesterase (ChE) activity as a potential biomarker of pesticide exposure in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, of Korea     

Choi JY  Yu J  Yang DB  Ra K  Kim KT  Hong GH  Shin KH 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(3):162-168

The acetylthiocholine (ATC) - cleaving cholinesterase (ChE) activity in Manila clam, which is widely distributed throughout the coastal environment of Korea, was assayed as a potentially useful biomarker of organophosphorous pesticides (OPs). A clear dose-response relationship was determined between inhibited ChE in adductor muscle of clams and four OPs (methidathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, IBP) which are heavily used OPs in Korea. The measured EC(50)-24?h values of methidathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and IBP for Ruditapes philippinarum were 7.16?μg?l(-1), 0.34?mg?l(-1), 3.01?mg?l(-1), and 3.41?mg?l(-1), respectively. In field studies, ChE activity in Manila clams collected from 23 stations in the mid-western coastal region demonstrated spatial variation with statistical differences. These results suggest that ChE activity in R. philippinarum is a potential biomarker for assessing organophosphorous pesticide contamination in coastal environments.  相似文献   

用GPS卫星测量建立垂直控制     

Zilk.  DB 黄立人 《世界地震译丛》1993,(2):57-63

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浙江省下寒武统荷塘组黑色页岩系地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

钱建民  刘崇民  杜红东  樊锡银 《物探与化探》2009,33(4)

首次根据浙江省西北部荷塘组岩石样品的实测数据,提出了浙江省荷塘组黑色岩系6个岩性层的Pt、Pd、Au、Ag、Cu、As、Sb、Pb、Mo、Ni、V、P、U、B、Cd、Tl、Se、Zn元素的平均值,运用微量元素和稀土元素的配分模式探讨了成岩环境及元素高含量对环境的影响.荷塘组富集元素较多,富集程度高的有Mo、Se、Cd、Ag、Sb、U、As、P;较富集的有V、B、Cu、Tl、Zn,弱富集的为Au、Pt、Pb、Ni.综合地质地球化学特征研究认为,荷塘组黑色岩系具有寻找含钼、磷、矾和有色金属矿产的潜力.  相似文献   

俄罗斯东外贝加尔地区卡里斯克矿区详细区域地球化学填图   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Spir.  MM 刘崇民 《物探化探译丛》1996,(4):58-62

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不同景观区水化学方法普查隐伏多金属矿的应用结果     

庞庆恒  徐外生  刘崇民 《物探与化探》1992,16(1):56-65

水是化学元素迁移的一种主要营力,其溶解物质影响水体的pH值高低,pH值又控制着元素迁移的习性。水中化学元素的含量受景观条件的制约,但矿化类型是元素组合的决定因素。本文在两个地区的试验研究结果论证了水化学方法在气候潮湿、地表污染严重地区测量结果在指示找矿方面的可靠性,同时也证明了在半干旱的风成沙覆盖区进行找矿的作用。经研究总结,确定不同矿化类型水化学指标,肯定了方法的效果,并发现了找矿的有利地段。  相似文献   

隐伏矿的地球化学找矿方法技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘崇民 《物探与化探》1993,17(6):474-475

本课题是“七五”国家重点科技攻关项目。从1986年12月始至1990年5月结束,在历时近五年的时间内,通过三个地区两类不同的隐伏矿床上开展的岩石、土壤、气体、矿物以及面积性水化学测量等项试验研究工作,经分析研究综合获得如下主要成果:  相似文献