Impact of updraft on neutralized charge rate by lightning in thunderstorms: A simulation case study     

王飞  张义军  郑栋 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(6):997-1010

The rate of neutralized charge by lightning (RNCL) is an important parameter indicating the intensity of lightning activity. The total charging rate (CR), the CR of one kind of polarity (e.g., negative) charge (CROP), and the outflow rate of charge on precipitation (ORCP) are proposed as key factors impacting RNCL, based on the principle of conservation of one kind of polarity charge in a thunderstorm. In this paper, the impacts of updraft on CR and CROP are analyzed by using a 3D cloud resolution model for a strong storm that occurred in Beijing on 6 september 2008. The results show that updraft both promotes and inhibits RNCL at the same time. (1) Updraft always has a positive influence on CR. The correlation coefficient between the updraft volume and CR can reach 0.96. Strengthening of the updraft facilitates strengthening of RNCL through this positive influence. (2) Strengthening of the updraft also promotes reinforcement of CROP. The correlation coefficient between the updraft volume and CROP is high (about 0.9), but this promotion restrains the strengthening of RNCL because the strengthening of CROP will, most of the time, inhibit the increasing of RNCL. (3) Additionally, increasing of ORCP depresses the strengthening of RNCL. In terms of magnitude, the peak of ORCP is equal to the peak of CR. Because precipitation mainly appears after the lightning activity finishes, the depression effect of ORCP on RNCL can be ignored during the active lightning period.  相似文献   

Impact of the Vertical Velocity Field on Charging Processes and Charge Separation in a Simulated Thunderstorm          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Fei  ZHANG Yijun  ZHENG Dong  XU Liangtao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(2):328-343

A three-dimensional(3D) charging-discharging cloud resolution model was used to investigate the impact of the vertical velocity field on the charging processes and the formation of charge structure in a strong thunderstorm. The distribution and evolution of ice particle content and charges on ice particles were analyzed in different vertical velocity fields. The results show that the ice particles in the vertical velocity range from 1 to 5 m s-1obtained the most charge through charging processes during the lifetime of the thunderstorm. The magnitude of the charges could reach 1014 n C. Before the beginning of lightning activity,the charges produced in updraft region 2(updraft speed 13 m s-1) and updraft region 1(updraft speed between 5 and 13 m s-1) were relatively significant. The magnitudes of charge reached 1013 n C, which clearly impacted upon the early lightning activity. The vertical velocity conditions in the quasi-steady region(updraft speed between –1 and 1 m s-1) were the most conducive for charge separation on ice particles on different scales. Accordingly, a net charge structure always appeared in the quasi-steady and adjacent regions. Based on the results, a conceptual model of ice particle charging, charge separation, and charge structure formation in the flow field was constructed. The model helps to explain observations of the"lightning hole" phenomenon.  相似文献   

北京“7.21”特大暴雨不同集合预报方案的对比试验   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李俊  杜钧  刘羽 《气象学报》2015,73(1):50-71

采用6套扰动方案(初值、多物理、3组随机物理和初值与随机物理的混合)对2012年7月21日(“7.21”)北京特大暴雨过程进行了集合降水预报试验,检验了不同方案的集合平均预报、集合区间预报和概率预报较控制预报改进的相对程度,分析了它们对该过程时空不确定性的预报能力、不同扰动方法的离散度贡献以及不同尺度扰动对预报误差的贡献等。结果表明:(1)所有集合方案特别是初值扰动、多物理和混合扰动的集合预报相对控制预报在暴雨强度和位置上都有较显著的改进,并为用户决策提供了包括预报不确定性在内的更多预报信息。(2)3组随机物理产生的集合预报离散度很相似, 都远小于初值扰动和多物理方案产生的离散度, 并且主要集中在强降水中心附近, 因此在初值扰动的基础上加入随机扰动,可以提高强降水中心的离散度, 但对强降水中心以外的地区作用甚微;尺度分析进一步表明随机物理产生的离散度贡献主要集中在较小尺度上(<320 km),在更小的尺度上(<160 km)它甚至可以与初值和多物理扰动的贡献相当,而初值扰动和多物理过程的贡献可以比随机物理过程多延伸400—500 km直到较大的尺度(如>1000 km), 其中多物理过程在较小尺度上(<100 km)可比初值扰动贡献更大, 并且能部分消除预报系统偏差。(3) 所有集合扰动方案所产生的离散度尺度谱都与实际预报误差尺度谱分布一致, 即随空间尺度增大而减小,但在幅度上都小于预报误差(离散度不够大),并且这种差异随着空间尺度的减小而加速增大,在小尺度上相差甚大。  相似文献   

A brief introduction to BNU-HESM1.0 and its earth surface temperature simulations     

Shili Yang  Wenjie Dong  Jieming Chou  Jinming Feng  Xiaodong Yan  Zhigang Wei  Wenping Yuan  Yan Guo  Yanli Tang  Jiacong Hu 《大气科学进展》2015,32(12):1683-1688

Integrated assessment models and coupled earth system models both have their limitations in understanding the interactions between human activity and the physical earth system. In this paper,a new human–earth system model,BNUHESM1.0,constructed by combining the economic and climate damage components of the Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate Change and Economy to the BNU-ESM model,is introduced. The ability of BNU-HESM1.0 in simulating the global CO2 concentration and surface temperature is also evaluated. We find that,compared to observation,BNU-HESM1.0underestimates the global CO2 concentration and its rising trend during 1965–2005,due to the uncertainty in the economic components. However,the surface temperature simulated by BNU-HESM1.0 is much closer to observation,resulting from the overestimates of surface temperature by the original BNU-ESM model. The uncertainty of BNU-ESM falls within the range of present earth system uncertainty,so it is the economic and climate damage component of BNU-HESM1.0 that needs to be improved through further study. However,the main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new approach to investigate the complex relationship between human activity and the earth system. It is hoped that it will inspire further ideas that prove valuable in guiding human activities appropriate for a sustainable future climate.  相似文献   

The influence of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on Temperature and Precipitation over the Globe   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Bo Dong  Aiguo Dai 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(9-10):2667-2681

  相似文献   

“频率匹配法”在集合降水预报中的应用研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

李俊  杜钧  陈超君 《气象》2015,41(6):674-684

基于“频率匹配法”的思路,采用两种方法进行了集合降水预报的订正研究,一种方法是利用集合成员降水频率订正简单集合平均平滑效应的“概率匹配平均”法,另一种方法是利用实况降水频率订正集合成员降水预报系统偏差的“预报偏差订正”法,通过个例和批量试验,结果表明:(1)概率匹配平均法可以矫正简单集合平均的平滑作用所造成的小量级降水分布范围增大而强降水被削弱的负作用,这种改进对强降水区更显著,并且集合系统离散度越大这种改进也越大;但该方法对预报区域内总降水量的预报没有改进作用,不能改善预报的系统性偏差.(2)虽然预报偏差订正法对降水落区预报的改进有限,但可以订正模式降水预报的系统性误差,改进雨量预报以及集合预报系统的离散度特征和概率预报技巧;直接对集合平均预报进行偏差订正的效果优于单个成员偏差订正后的简单算术平均.(3)在对每个集合成员的降水预报进行偏差订正后,概率匹配平均仍可改善其简单平均的效果,因此在实际业务中,应该综合采用上述两种方法,以获得在消除系统性偏差的同时各量级降水分布又合理的集合平均降水预报.  相似文献   

1961—2012年塔城地区极端温度事件变化特征     

王飞  刘红霞  黄玲  董海英 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2015,9(2):44-51

摘要：选用世界气象组织推荐的极端气候指数方法,对1961—2012年塔城地区6个极端气温指数进行分析,应用百分位法定义极端温度阈值,得出塔城地区极端温度事件变化的基本事实。结果表明：塔城地区近52年来冷昼、冷夜事件和严寒日数分别以3.5 d/10a、9.3 d/10a和4.3 d/10a的速率下降,突变点分别出现在1994、1988和1979年;暖昼、暖夜事件和高温日数分别以3.6 d/10a、8.6 d/10a和0.6 d/10a的速率在上升,突变点分别出现在1989、1990和1973年;极端气温指标多存在25～28 a和5～8 a的振荡周期,在空间分布上,各指标的减少（增加）速率与纬度、地形相关,随纬度增加而多呈现出北部大,中部、南部小的特点。  相似文献   

THE LOW-PRESSURE SYSTEM IN THE VERTICAL VELOCITY OMEGA ON THE SCALE OF SYSTEM SENSITIVITY     

曲维政  范婷婷  杜凌 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(S1):66-72

In this study, the relationship between scale and vertical velocity in a low-pressure system is explored using the wave characteristics of atmospheric disturbances and the structural characteristics of low-pressure systems. The ω differential equation, as determined by the transient geopotential height field Φ, is solved to obtain an analytical solution composed only of wavelength, horizontal speed, and atmospheric stability, i.e., the ω diagnostic equation of a low-pressure system. This equation also shows that vertical velocity in the low-pressure system is very sensitive to the horizontal scale, i.e., a smaller horizontal scale means a larger vertical velocity.  相似文献   

长江中游城市群空间结构的多分形特征     

郑文升  杜南乔  杨瑶  王晓芳  熊志飞 《地理学报》2022,77(4):947-959

在城市群越来越演化为多尺度、多区域复杂系统背景下,有必要引入多分形理论与方法研究其空间结构。本文基于2018年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据,计算长江中游城市群整体及其局部的多分维谱,根据谱线分析不同尺度下长江中游城市空间结构的多分形特征。结果显示：① 长江中游城市群夜间灯光容量维在整体和局部都出现双标度现象。② q < -5.5时,整体广义关联维谱线突破理论上限2,在q > 0时,武汉城市圈和环长株潭城市群的分维显著较高。③ 整体的局部分维谱和武汉城市圈、环长株潭城市群、环鄱阳湖城市群、宜荆荆城市群局部分维谱表现为单峰偏右。根据上述结果,得到和验证了以下结论：① 长江中游城市群区域一体化程度较低。② 长江中游城市群不同层级和区域的空间结构差异显著,呈现出多尺度复杂特征。③ 长江中游城市群在不同尺度中均倾向于中心集聚式发展。研究揭示多分形模型能够从尺度依赖视角有效揭示巨型城市群空间结构的复杂性及其背后的问题,具有很好的理论探索和实践分析前景。  相似文献   

Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed the biosynthetic mechanism of anti-parasitic compounds in Salinivibrio proteolyticus strain YCSC6     

Guangxun DU  Lingyun QU  Ping GAO  Wenhao HUANG  Chenghua LI  Dewen DING 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2022,(1):245-259

The fermentation broth of Salinivibrio proteolyticus strain YCSC6 shows potent anti-parasitic activity against Uronema marinum , with activity varying in each f...  相似文献