珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷深层珠海组不同构造单元油气充注期次及差异性分析     

史肖凡  罗静兰  陈林  符勇  徐守立  严敏  刘芳 《地球科学》2023,(2):776-792

珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷深部的古近系珠海组油气资源丰富,但不同区带油气成藏分布复杂,油气成藏时期的关键证据——包裹体的研究相对薄弱.为了准确厘定文昌A凹陷珠海组烃类充注时期,以研究区珠海组砂岩储层中的烃包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体为研究对象,利用荧光光谱测定、激光拉曼光谱分析、显微测温等实验测试,结合包裹体捕获压力计算、埋藏史、热演化史、生烃演化史等分析,开展了凹陷中心及近珠三南断裂带油气成藏期次与差异性研究.结果表明,储层砂岩中烃包裹体及其伴生盐水包裹体成分主要为CH4、C2H6、CO2和H2O,同期盐水包裹体均一温度集中分布于95～180℃.断裂带与凹陷中心均存在3期烃类充注,但油气充注时间有差别.其中,凹陷中心第1期发生在21.9～13.9 Ma,第2期油充注发生在12.0～8.9 Ma,第3期油气充注时间7.8～4.8 Ma;断裂带第1期油充注发生在约21.7～10.2 Ma,第2期油充注发生在约9.1～4.9 Ma,第3期油气充注时间约为3.9～1.5 Ma.差异性构造沉降导致的烃源岩埋深的差异,以及多期断裂活动强度及其时空配置关系的不同,是造成凹陷中心及断裂带烃源岩生烃高峰的差异及...  相似文献   

A multibiomarker approach in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) to measure exposure to contaminants in estuaries of tropical North Queensland     

Humphrey CA  Codi King S  Klumpp DW 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(10):1569-1581

A suite of biomarkers were measured in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) from five North Queensland estuaries along a perceived pollution gradient. The biomarkers selected were 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), cytochrome P450, fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs), DNA integrity, RNA:DNA ratio, cholinesterase activity (ChE), condition factor and hepatosomatic index. The resulting database was subjected to uni- and multi-variate analyses in order to assess the most suitable biomarkers to assess pollution in North Queensland estuaries and to classify the environmental quality of the sites. Principal components analysis (PCA) on the biochemical markers revealed that EROD, EROD/P450, DNA damage and to a lesser extent ChE and FACs were found to be responsive to contaminants in the environment while cytochrome P450, condition factor and the hepatosomatic index were found to be less responsive biomarkers. This study has demonstrated the utility of applying a multibiomarker approach in conjunction with traditional analysis of contaminants in providing valuable information in environmental risk assessment.  相似文献   

两种类型的水库诱发地震     

Simp.  DW 刘瑞文 《地震地质译丛》1990,12(4):43-49

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Trace organic contamination in biota collected from the Pearl River Estuary, China: a preliminary risk assessment   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Wei S  Lau RK  Fung CN  Zheng GJ  Lam JC  Connell DW  Fang Z  Richardson BJ  Lam PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(12):1682-1694

The marine ecosystem of the Pearl River Delta, located on the southern coast of China, has been heavily exploited following the rapid economic growth that has occurred since the 1980s. This investigation aimed to elucidate trace organic contamination in marine biota inhabiting the Pearl River Delta area. Biota samples, including green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis), oysters (Crassostrea rivularis) and shrimp (Penaeus orientalis) were sampled from 16 stations fringing the Estuary. Elevated concentrations (on a dry weight basis) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (27.8–1041.0 ng/g), petroleum hydrocarbons (1.7–2345.4 μg/g), polychlorinated biphenyls (2.1–108.8 ng/g), DDTs (1.9–79.0 ng/g), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (n.d.–38.4 ng/g) were recorded. A human health risk assessment was conducted to estimate the risk to local residents associated with the consumption of biota collected from the Pearl River Estuary. The results indicated that PCBs were at levels that may cause deleterious health effects in populations that consume large amounts of seafood. However, it would be instructive to establish health criteria for trace organic contaminants that are specific to the local populations, in order to derive a more accurate and relevant health risk assessment.  相似文献   

Field methods for amending marine sediment with activated carbon and assessing treatment effectiveness   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cho YM  Smithenry DW  Ghosh U  Kennedy AJ  Millward RN  Bridges TS  Luthy RG 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(5):541-555

Previous laboratory studies have shown reductions in PCB bioavailability for sediments amended with activated carbon (AC). Here we report results on a preliminary pilot-scale study to assess challenges in scaling-up for field deployment and monitoring. The goals of the preliminary pilot-scale study at Hunters Point Shipyard (San Francisco, USA) were to (1) test the capabilities of a large-scale mixing device for incorporating AC into sediment, (2) develop and evaluate our field assessment techniques, and (3) compare reductions in PCB bioavailability found in the laboratory with well-mixed systems to those observed in the field with one-time-mixed systems. In this study we successfully used a large-scale device to mix 500kg of AC into a 34.4m(2) plot to a depth of 1ft, a depth that includes the majority of the biologically active zone. Our results indicate that after 7 months of AC-sediment contact in the field, the 28-day PCB bioaccumulation for the bent-nosed clam, Macoma nasuta, field-deployed to this AC-amended sediment was approximately half of the bioaccumulation resulting from exposure to untreated sediment. Similar PCB bioaccumulation reductions were found in laboratory bioassays conducted on both the bivalve, M. nasuta and the estuarine amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus, using sediment collected from the treated and untreated field plots one year after the AC amendment occurred. To further understand the long-term effectiveness of AC as an in situ treatment strategy for PCB-contaminated sediments under field conditions, a 3-year comprehensive study is currently underway at Hunters Point that will compare the effectiveness of two large-scale mixing devices and include both unmixed and mixed-only control plots.  相似文献   

Degradates provide insight to spatial and temporal trends of herbicides in ground water     

Kolpin DW  Schnoebelen DJ  Thurman EM 《Ground water》2004,42(4):601-608

Since 1995, a network of municipal wells in Iowa, representing all major aquifer types (alluvial, bedrock/karst region, glacial drift, bedrock/nonkarst region), has been repeatedly sampled for a broad suite of herbicide compounds yielding one of the most comprehensive statewide databases of such compounds currently available in the United States. This dataset is ideal for documenting the insight that herbicide degradates provide to the spatial and temporal distribution of herbicides in ground water. During 2001, 86 municipal wells in Iowa were sampled and analyzed for 21 herbicide parent compounds and 24 herbicide degradates. The frequency of detection increased from 17% when only herbicide parent compounds were considered to 53% when both herbicide parents and degradates were considered. Thus, the transport of herbicide compounds to ground water is substantially underestimated when herbicide degradates are not considered. A significant difference in the results among the major aquifer types was apparent only when both herbicide parent compounds and their degradates were considered. In addition, including herbicide degradates greatly improved the statistical relation to the age of the water being sampled. When herbicide parent compounds are considered, only 40% of the wells lacking a herbicide detection could be explained by the age of the water predating herbicide use. However, when herbicide degradates were also considered, 80% of the ground water samples lacking a detection could be explained by the age of the water predating herbicide use. Finally, a temporal pattern in alachlor concentrations in ground water could only be identified when alachlor degradates were considered.  相似文献   

Comparing methods and sediment contaminant indicators for determining produced water fate in a Louisiana estuary     

Woodall DW  Rabalais NN  Gambrell RP  DeLaune RD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(6):731-740

Produced water is a high salinity by-product resulting from oil and gas production. Disposal methods include surface water discharge. The current field method used to determine its fate in estuarine systems involves extending a compass oriented transect (COT) from the point source discharge--a method designed for a uniformly dispersing effluent discharged into a uniform offshore environment that may be inappropriate for the hydrologic and geomorphologic complexities found in estuarine systems. Prior research established the viability of the salinity stratification transect (SST) method. Both COT and SST methods were used in a small open bay to determine which more accurately detected effluent dispersion. Determination was based on sediment contaminant indicators (SCIs), including interstitial salinity, hydrocarbons, metals, and radium concentrations. Additionally, SCIs were evaluated for their ability to serve as indicators of effluent dispersion. The data revealed that SST stations exhibited higher contaminant concentrations and that this approach was more accurate in tracking the produced water plume. The data also suggested that SCIs varied in their ability to serve as indicators. Good indicators included interstitial salinity, total targeted aromatic hydrocarbons substantiated with a modified fossil fuel pollution index value, certain metals, and radium-228.  相似文献   

Impairment of sea urchin sperm quality by UV-B radiation: predicting fertilization success from sperm motility   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Au DW  Chiang MW  Tang JY  Yuen BB  Wang YL  Wu RS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(7):583-589

Sperm quality of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, after exposure to environmentally realistic UV-B irradiances, was assessed by changes in sperm motility (measured by the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system), and related to subsequent fertilization success. Percentage motile sperm of A. crassispina declined significantly after exposure to a UV-B dose of 16.2 kJ m(-2), while sperm motion velocity as measured by curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), and average path velocity (VAP) showed significant reduction after exposure to a UV-B dose of 5.4 kJ m(-2). A parallel study showed that fertilization success was significantly reduced after sperm were exposed to UV-B doses > or = 5.4 kJ m(-2). Notably, the four sperm motility parameters were strongly correlated with fertilization success (P < 0.001), followed the increasing order: VSL (r = 0.8) < % motile sperm (r = 0.804) < VCL (r = 0.912) < VAP (r = 0.928). Fertilization success is best predicted by VAP using the exponential model: y = 8.678 + 90.202/[1 + exp(82.83 - x)/10.27)] (r(2) = 0.95). Thus, impairment of sperm motility of sea urchin, as measured by the CASA method, can be used to predict reproductive success and ecological effects.  相似文献   

Coefficient of permeability determined by measurable parameters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Barr DW 《Ground water》2001,39(3):356-361

Selection of a coefficient of permeability or the hydraulic conductivity in practical situations has required a fair amount of judgment and the expectation of accuracy can range over an order of magnitude. A determination of the coefficient based on measurable characteristics would greatly reduce the judgment aspect. The coefficient of permeability of a porous media can be derived from the following measurable parameters: the density and viscosity of the permeating fluid, the porosity of the media, the average hydraulic radius of the pores, and the gravitation constant. The hydraulic radius is calculated from the grain size distribution analysis of the porous media assuming spherical particles and a factor to account for the shape of the particles. The shape factor ranges from 1.0 to 1.4 in the extreme but, for common porous media, ranges only from 1.0 to about 1.1. All of the variables, except the shape factor, are measurable by standard test procedures. An important advantage of using this procedure for determining permeability is that the factors can be visualized as part of the physical flow process. The procedure assumes laminar flow and applies equally to liquid or gas fluids.  相似文献   

Turbulent flow through porous media     

Barr DW 《Ground water》2001,39(5):646-650

The pressure driving flow through porous media must be equal to the viscous resistance plus the inertial resistance. Formulas are developed for both the viscous resistance and the inertial resistance. The expression for the coefficient of permeability consists of parameters which describe the characteristics of the porous medium and the permeating fluid and which, for unconsolidated isotropic granular media, are all measurable. A procedure is proposed for testing for the occurrence of turbulence and calculating the effective permeability when it occurs. The formulas are applied to a set of data from 588 permeameter runs ranging from laminar to highly turbulent. The equations fit the data from the permeameter closely through the laminar flow conditions and quite closely through the turbulent conditions. In the turbulent range, the plotting of the data separates into three distinct lines for each of the three shapes of particles used in the tests. For the porous medium and fluid of these tests, turbulence begins at a head gradient of about 0.1.  相似文献