Variability in growth,development and reproduction of the non-native seaweed Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyceae) on the Irish west coast     

Julia Baer  Dagmar B. Stengel 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

This study compared seasonal growth, development and reproduction of the invasive brown macroalga Sargassum muticum in habitats with different wave exposure on the Irish west coast. Three field sites with different degrees of wave exposure were chosen for monthly observations to reflect different habitats that were characteristic of the Irish west coast. Growth and receptacle development differed considerably between sites. Growth and receptacle development was lower at the most sheltered site. Here, S. muticum showed signs of early fragmentation in April/May during the two years of investigation (2007 and 2008), whilst the population at an exposed site developed normally and plants grew to a maximum average length of 163 cm by July, with the onset of fragmentation in August. Sargassum muticum in a tide pool exhibited a similar seasonal growth cycle as plants at the exposed open shore site. Overall growth however was stunted, with plants reaching a maximum length of only 30–40 cm in July. Receptacle development was also inhibited at the sheltered site, with a maximum of only 10% of plants found to be fertile during spring and summer 2008, while plants at the exposed site and the tide pool exhibited 100% plant fertility by August. An extensive occurrence of the native epiphyte Pylaiella littoralis on S. muticum was noticed during field sampling at the sheltered study site which may have contributed to inhibited development of S. muticum observed in this area.  相似文献   

Formation and evolution of the Lower Terrace of the Rhine River in the area of Basel     

Stéphane Kock  Peter Huggenberger  Frank Preusser  Philippe Rentzel  Andreas Wetzel 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2009,102(2):307-321

The response of fluvial systems to tectonic activity and climate change during the Late Pleistocene influenced sedimentary processes and hence the conditions of river terraces formation. The northern Alpine foreland is well adapted for such studies due to the high sediment input and the variety of depositional environments. This study focuses on sediments of a part of the Rhine River in the area of Basel, at the Border between Switzerland, Germany and France. A detailed evolution of the Lower Terrace is inferred from sedimentological, geomorphologic and pedological observations as well as historical documents, and calibrated using different dating methods (optically stimulated luminescence, uranium series disequilibrium, radiocarbon). The Lower Terrace was deposited during two periods (30–15 ka and 13–11 ka), which correlate with two cold climatic phases, representing the Last Glaciation of the Alps and the Younger Dryas. These ages underline that main incision of the Lower Terrace braidplain in the area of Basel is restricted to post Younger Dryas times, as sediments of that age (13–11 ka) are found atop the highest levels. From then on, a flight of cut-terraces were formed with minor re-accumulation due to Holocene flood events. These findings demonstrate that the surface of a terrace does not always represent the age of sediment aggradation, and this should be remembered when using terraces to reconstruct the tectonic history of an area.  相似文献   

A multicriteria approach for flood risk mapping exemplified at the Mulde river,Germany   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

Volker Meyer  Sebastian Scheuer  Dagmar Haase 《Natural Hazards》2009,48(1):17-39

In this paper we develop a GIS-based multicriteria flood risk assessment and mapping approach. This approach includes flood risks which are not measured in monetary terms; it shows the spatial distribution of multiple risks, and it is able to deal with uncertainties in criteria values and to show their influence on the overall flood risk assessment. Additionally, the approach can be used to show the spatial allocation of the flood effects if risk reduction measures are implemented. The approach is applied to a pilot study for the River Mulde in Saxony, Germany, heavily affected by the hazardous flood in 2002. Therefore, a GIS database of economic, social and environmental risk criteria was created. Two different multicriteria decision rules, a disjunctive and an additive weighting approach, are utilised for an overall flood risk assessment in the area. For implementation, a software tool (FloodCalc) was developed supporting both, the risk calculation of the single criteria as well as the multicriteria analysis.

Volker MeyerEmail:

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Exploring multicriteria flood vulnerability by integrating economic,social and ecological dimensions of flood risk and coping capacity: from a starting point view towards an end point view of vulnerability   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Sebastian Scheuer  Dagmar Haase  Volker Meyer 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(2):731-751

In this paper, we present an approach to modelling multicriteria flood vulnerability which integrates the economic, social and ecological dimension of risk and coping capacity. We start with an existing multicriteria risk mapping approach. The term risk is used here in a way that could be called a starting point view, looking at vulnerability without considering coping capacities. We extend this approach by a multicriteria modelling of coping capacities towards an end point view of vulnerability. In doing so, we explore a way to differentiate coping capacity from flood risk in each of the dimensions of vulnerability. The approach is tested in an urban case study, the city of Leipzig, Germany. Our results show that it is possible to map multicriteria risks as well as coping capacities and relate them in a simple way. However, a detailed calculation of end point vulnerability would require more detailed knowledge on the causal relationships between risk and coping capacity criteria and their relative importance.  相似文献   

Geochronology of the Birim Supergroup of the West African craton in the Wa-Bolé region of west-central Ghana: Implications for the stratigraphic framework     

G.S. de Kock  R.A. Armstrong  H.P. Siegfried  E. Thomas 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,59(1):1-40

The Birim rocks of the West African craton comprise belts of greenschist- to amphibolite-grade gneiss and schist, and subparallel basins of greenschist-grade phyllite of volcaniclastic and epiclastic origin, which were intruded by igneous rocks. The granitoids intruded between 2213 and 2060 Ma and overlap with the volcaniclastic units dated between 2211 and 2064 Ma. The simultaneous occurrence of the magmatic events and irregular distribution of the rock ages hamper the formulation of a stratigraphic succession. SHRIMP spot analyses were done on older cores, crystals and rims from 23 rocks from the Bolé-Wa region in west-central Ghana. The crystallization ages range from 2195 to 2118 Ma, the inherited ages from 2876 to 2130 Ma, and metamorphic ages from 2114 to 2090 Ma. Aided by metamorphic, structural and chemical studies an older geotectonic cycle (2195–2150 Ma), containing the Dole and Guropie Suite and Bolé Group, was established. These units were subjected to several orthogonal and shear deformation events. These events were followed by the contemporaneous Sawla calc-alkaline monzonitic plutonism (2132–2126 Ma) and deposition of the epiclastic Maluwe Group (2137–2125 Ma) of calc-alkaline felsic to tholeiitic volcanic origin. Deformation of the basin beds was succeeded by the intrusion of the Tanina Suite granitoids of 2122–2120 Ma, which, themselves, were deformed prior to 2119 Ma. At 2118 Ma syenite and gabbro intruded along conjugate extension fractures. The gabbro and syenite of the Wakawaka Suite were only affected by three events of brittle strike-slip faulting. The first had significant displacement along NNE- to NE-directed shear zones, while the latter only formed conjugate joint systems with limited transport. Palaeo- to Neoarchaean cores, the oldest yet reported in the Baoulé Mossi domain, are restricted to the gneissic Dole Suite biotite granites. The presence of Dole-, Guropie-, Sawla-, and Tanina-aged older cores and grains in younger rocks reflects continuous reworking of the developing crust during successive magmatic episodes. Zircon rim growth between 2105 and 2090 Ma indicates posttectonic crustal thickening. The low Rb/Sr R_o of ～0.7032 of gabbro and monzonite, and the recycling of the Birim-age crust confirm the primary and juvenile nature of the West African craton after ～2195 Ma. With the various ages obtained, it was possible to link deposition, magmatism and deformation to crustal processes, and establish the cyclic geotectonic evolution in the West Africa craton (individual basin opening and closure) over time as part of an intraoceanic arc–back-arc basin system.  相似文献   

A spatially explicit scenario-driven model of adaptive capacity to global change in Europe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lilibeth Acosta  Richard J.T. Klein  Pytrik Reidsma  Marc J. Metzger  Mark D.A. Rounsevell  Rik Leemans  Dagmar Schröter 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):1211-1224

Traditional impact models combine exposure in the form of scenarios and sensitivity in the form of parameters, providing potential impacts of global change as model outputs. However, adaptive capacity is rarely addressed in these models. This paper presents the first spatially explicit scenario-driven model of adaptive capacity, which can be combined with impact models to support quantitative vulnerability assessment. The adaptive capacity model is based on twelve socio-economic indicators, each of which is projected into the future using four global environmental change scenarios, and then aggregated into an adaptive capacity index in a stepwise approach using fuzzy set theory. The adaptive capacity model provides insight into broad patterns of adaptive capacity across Europe, the relative importance of the various determinants of adaptive capacity, and how adaptive capacity changes over time under different social and economic assumptions. As such it provides a context for the implementation of specific adaptation measures. This could improve integrated assessment models and could be extended to other regions. However, there is a clear need for a better theoretical understanding of the adaptive capacity concept, and its relationship to the actual implementation of adaptation measures. This requires more empirical research and coordinated meta-analyses across regions and economic sectors, and the development of bottom-up modelling techniques that can incorporate human decision making.  相似文献   

Very short waves on quasi-stationary fronts     

Dagmar Novotná  Vojtěch Vítek  Reviewer O. Zikmunda 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1974,18(2):186-190

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DerHydropsyche-toxizitätstest,erprobt an Fenethcarb   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dr. W. K. Besch Dipl.-Biologin  Irmela Schreiber  Dagmar Herbst 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1977,39(1):69-85

Fenethcarb (3,5-diethyl-phenyl-N-methylcarbamate) was used to test how far the presence of toxins in various concentrations can cause changes in the net building behaviour ofHydropsyche angustipennis (Trichoptera). To evaluate this, features of the net structure which could be measured and counted were used. The statistical significance of the results was calculated.

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Mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.  相似文献   

Non-linear dependence and teleconnections in climate data: sources,relevance, nonstationarity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jaroslav Hlinka  David Hartman  Martin Vejmelka  Dagmar Novotná  Milan Paluš 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(7-8):1873-1886

Quantification of relations between measured variables of interest by statistical measures of dependence is a common step in analysis of climate data. The choice of dependence measure is key for the results of the subsequent analysis and interpretation. The use of linear Pearson’s correlation coefficient is widespread and convenient. On the other side, as the climate is widely acknowledged to be a nonlinear system, nonlinear dependence quantification methods, such as those based on information-theoretical concepts, are increasingly used for this purpose. In this paper we outline an approach that enables well informed choice of dependence measure for a given type of data, improving the subsequent interpretation of the results. The presented multi-step approach includes statistical testing, quantification of the specific non-linear contribution to the interaction information, localization of areas with strongest nonlinear contribution and assessment of the role of specific temporal patterns, including signal nonstationarities. In detail we study the consequences of the choice of a general nonlinear dependence measure, namely mutual information, focusing on its relevance and potential alterations in the discovered dependence structure. We document the method by applying it to monthly mean temperature data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset as well as the ERA dataset. We have been able to identify main sources of observed non-linearity in inter-node couplings. Detailed analysis suggested an important role of several sources of nonstationarity within the climate data. The quantitative role of genuine nonlinear coupling at monthly scale has proven to be almost negligible, providing quantitative support for the use of linear methods for monthly temperature data.  相似文献   

Propagation of native Arctic and alpine species with a restoration potential   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dagmar Hagen 《Polar research》2002,21(1):37-47

Arctic and alpine plant communities today are subject to an increasing frequency and intensity of anthropogenic disturbances. Good understanding of reproductive behaviour and regenerative capacity of native species is important in a restoration situation following human disturbance in Arctic and alpine vegetation. Seeds, bulbils or cuttings from 12 native Arctic and alpine species were collected from Longyearbyen in Svalbard and Dovre Mountain on the Norwegian mainland. Propagation ability was tested in greenhouse conditions. Seeds of Papaver dahlianum, Oxyria digyna, Luzula arcuata ssp. confusa , and bulbils of Bistorta vivipara all had more than 50% germination. Dryas octopetala had less than 10% germination. Both quick and slow germinators were identified among the tested species. Seed storage temperature (+4 °C, −1 °C and −20 °C) showed no overall effect on germination. The rooting capacity of cuttings from evergreen and deciduous species was tested. Arctostaphylos uvaursi, Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Salix herbacea and S. polaris had more than 70% rooting ability, while Dryas octopetala and Cassiope tetragona had less than 10%. Saxifraga oppositifolia showed large variation in rooting ability, ranging from 20-90%. The species with high germination and rooting ability are used in an extended restoration experiment in the study areas.  相似文献