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31.
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As a new method, the ultraviolet spectrum technique is applied to studying the connectivity of biode-gradable heavy oil reservoirs. The similarity of crude oils can be judged according to the extinction coefficient (E) because aromatic hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons have conjugated bonds and obvious absorption in the ultraviolet range, and different materials have different characteristics and additives. The relationship diagram is made in terms of the extinction coefficients (E) of the samples by taking E as the Y-axis and wavelength as the X-axis. The connectivity of oil reservoirs is estimated according to the curve positions and characteristic fingerprints of the sampies. The connectivity of part of the reservoirs in the western part of the QHD32-6 oilfield was studied with this method. The results showed that the connectivity of samples from wells F7 and F8 in the Nm-2 oil reservoir zone is good, that of samples from wells F17 and F20 in the Nm-1 oil reservoir zone also is good, and that of samples from wells F17, F19, and F20 is poor. 相似文献
33.
基于GIS的北京城市形态研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
经典的城市形态理论包括同心圆理论、扇形理论和多核心理论.利用2002年北京市土地利用图,采用GIS缓冲区分析的方法,分析了北京市各功能用地的方向特征和圈层特征.结果表明:北京市的土地利用体现了明显的圈层特征,同时各类功能用地在各方向的分布又明显受到了河流、交通干道和工业区等地理要素的影响.北京没有形成城市总体规划的多中心布局,第一道绿化隔离地区中绿地面积没有明显高出其他地区,基本上已经失去了中心城区和边缘集团隔离开的功能.总体上,北京城市空间形态主要是同心圆和扇形的结合,更接近同心圆理论和扇形理论的混合形式. 相似文献
34.
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Most Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are emplaced within <10 Ma, with a main pulse of the magmatism in<1 Ma[1]. For example, the Siberian Traps [2] and the Deccan Traps [3] were probably erupted within one million years. Many events, such as the Columbia River event, feature a single pulse of magmatism, followed by a protrac-ted period of magmatism at a much lower rate that is linked to a plume tail[4]. 相似文献
36.
Detailed investigations of high latitude sequences recently collected by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) indicate that periods of rapid climate change often culminated in brief transient climates, with more extreme conditions than subsequent long term climates. Two examples of such events have been identified in the Paleogene; the first in latest Paleocene time in the middle of a warming trend that began several million years earlier: the second in earliest Oligocene time near the end of a Middle Eocene to Late Oligocene global cooling trend. Superimposed on the earlier event was a sudden and extreme warming of both high latitude sea surface and deep ocean waters. Imbedded in the latter transition was an abrupt decline in high latitude temperatures and the brief appearance of a full size continental ice-sheet on Antarctica. In both cases the climate extremes were not stable, lasting for less than a few hundred thousand years, indicating a temporary or transient climate state. Geochemical and sedimentological evidence suggest that both Paleogene climate events were accompanied by reorganizations in ocean circulation, and major perturbations in marine productivity and the global carbon cycle. The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum was marked by reduced oceanic turnover and decreases in global delta 13C and in marine productivity, while the Early Oligocene glacial maximum was accompanied by intensification of deep ocean circulation and elevated delta 13C and productivity. It has been suggested that sudden changes in climate and/or ocean circulation might occur as a result of gradual forcing as certain physical thresholds are exceeded. We investigate the possibility that sudden reorganizations in ocean and/or atmosphere circulation during these abrupt transitions generated short-term positive feedbacks that briefly sustained these transient climatic states. 相似文献
37.
以成果导向教育(Outcome Based Education,OBE)和课程思政理念为指导进行课程设计与实践,是地理信息科学专业应用型人才培养的发展趋势.围绕专业人才培养目标和课程教学目标,以反向设计为原则,结合专业毕业要求,确定课程学习成果,然后以成果为导向,设计实施教学改革,将思政元素有机融入专业教学中,培养学生综合素养.地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)方向的课程《GIS空间分析》是地理信息科学专业核心课程,探索和实施成果导向下的课程思政教学目标的达成,围绕教学目标进行有效的教学设计,结合课程内容从理论知识和实践操作两个层面进行课程思政教学融入设计,提出课程思政融入专业课教学的典型案例和实施路径,包括制定课程目标、确定学习成果、探索和实施新型教学方式、优化课程考核和评价方式等方面. 相似文献
38.
Harry A. Taylor Jr. Leonard Kramer Paul A. Cloutier Shannon S. Walker 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,69(2):173-199
Plasma and field relationships observed across the nightside of Venus evidence a chaotic variety of interactions between the ionosphere and the combined effect of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field draped about the planet. Close examination of these data reveal within the chaos a number of repeatable signatures key to understanding fundamental field-plasma interactions. Observed from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter, (PVO), nightside conditions range from extensive, full-up ionospheres with little evidence of dynamic or energetic perturbations, to an almost full depletion, sometimes described as disappearing ionospheres. Between these extremes, the ionospheric structure is often irregular, sometimes exhibiting well-defined density troughs, at other times complex intervals of either abundant or minimal plasma concentration. Consistently, large B-fields (typically exceeding 5–10 nanoteslas) coincide with plasma decreases, whereas stable, abundant plasma distributions are associated with very low-level field. We examine hundreds of nightside orbits, identifying close correlations between regions of elevated magnetic fields featuring polarity reversals, and (a) exclusive low-frequency or distinctive broadband noise, or both, in the electric field data, (b) turbulent, superthermal behavior of the the ions and electrons. We review extensive studies of nightside fields to show that the correlations observed are consistent with theoretical arguments that the presence of strong magnetic fields within normal ionospheric heights indicates the intrusion of magnetosheath fields and plasma within such regions. We find abundant evidence that the ionosphere is frequently disrupted by such events, exhibiting a chaotic, auroral-like complexity appearing over a wide range of altitude and local time. We show that field-plasma disturbances, widely suggested to be similar to conditions in the Earth's auroral regions, are tightly linked to the electric field noise otherwise attributed to lightning. Owing to the coincidence inherent in this relationship, we suggest that natural, predictable plasma instabilities associated with the plasma gradients and current sheets evident within these events produce the E-field noise. The data relationships argue for a more detailed investigation of solar wind induced E-field noise mechanisms as the appropriate scientific procedure for invoking sources for the noise previously attributed to lightning. Consistent with these views, we note that independent analyses have offered alternative explanations of the noise as arising from ionospheric disturbances, that repeated searches for optical evidence of lightning have found no such evidence, and that no accepted theoretical work has yet surfaced to support the inference of lightning at Venus. 相似文献
39.
This study presents a method of obtaining asymptotic approximations for motions near a Lagrange point in the planar, elliptic, restricted three-body problem by using a von Zeipel-type method. The calculations are carried out for a second-order escape solution in the proximity of the equilateral Lagrange point, L
4, where the primaries' orbital eccentricity is taken as the small parameter . 相似文献
40.
The ionospheric plasma density on magnetic field lines threading the Jovian rings which are located inside ~1.8 RJ on the jovigraphic equatorial plane, is calculated by using a rotating ion exosphere model. It is found that the bulk of the ionospheric particles on these field lines are on ballistic trajectories. On field lines approximately symmetric with respect to the jovigraphic equator, the ring, which to a first approximation would absorb the population of trapped particles, consequently has little effect. On field lines which are made asymmetric by the higher-order multipoles of Jupiter's field and the tilt of the dipole axis, the rings may have a significant effect. It is suggested that better definition of the rings' atmospheric and ionospheric properties is required to model these localized effects. If the rings are found to be an important plasma source for the inner magnetosphere, the present exospheric model will have to be revised. 相似文献