Influence of the total atmospheric optical depth and cloud cover on solar irradiance components     

K. O. Ogunjobi  Y. J. Kim  Z. He   《Atmospheric Research》2004,70(3-4):209-227

Broadband solar irradiance data obtained in the spectral range 400–940 nm at Kwangju, South Korea from 1999–2000 have been analyzed to investigate the effects of cloud cover and atmospheric optical depth on solar radiation components. Results from measurements indicate that the percentage of direct and diffuse horizontal components of solar irradiance depend largely on total optical depth (TOD) and cloud cover. During summer and spring, the percentages of diffuse solar irradiance relative to the global irradiance were 5.0% and 4.9% as compared to 2.2% and 3.0% during winter and autumn. The diffuse solar irradiance is higher than the direct in spring and summer by 24.2%, and 40.6%, respectively, which may largely be attributed to the attenuation (scattering) of radiation by heavy dust pollution and large cloud amount. In cloud-free conditions with cloud cover ≤2/10, the fraction of the direct and diffuse components were 66.0% and 34.0%, respectively, with a mean daily global irradiance value of 7.92±2.91 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹. However, under cloudy conditions (with cloud cover ≥8/10), the diffuse and direct fractions were 97.9% and 2.2% of the global component, respectively. The annual mean TOD under cloudless conditions (cloud cover≤2/10) yields 0.74±0.33 and increased to as much as 3.15±0.67 under cloudy conditions with cloud amount ≥8/10. An empirical formula is derived for estimating the diffuse and direct components of horizontal solar irradiance by considering the total atmospheric optical depth (TOD). Results from statistical models are shown for the estimation of solar irradiance components as a function of TOD with sufficient accuracy as indicated by low standard error for each solar zenith angle (SZA).  相似文献   

西藏措勤地区石炭纪—早二叠世古地理演化     

朱利东  刘登忠  陶晓风  石和  马润泽  胡新伟 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

措勤地区在泥盆纪浅海碳酸盐台地的背景基础上,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育了一套陆源碎屑为主的海相沉积,古地理呈北部以陆棚海为主、南部发育斜坡-深海相的特征。早石炭世永珠组陆棚浅海限于北部的甲龙到阿布勒一带,其南侧至格嘎一措勤一线发育较宽的斜坡相沉积,晚石炭世时发生海侵,并随着冰期气候的盛行在边缘斜坡海环境内沉积了多套冰海砾岩,随着冰期气候的结束和海退,早二叠世昂杰组陆棚海沉积范围向南扩展到格嘎-达雄南部,陆棚海地边缘发育了生物礁或生物滩。古地理演化反映了研究区在早石炭世受南北向拉张的构造背景下形成了不同于泥盆纪碳酸盐台地的陆棚海—斜坡—深海盆地的古地理格局,晚石炭世拉张达到鼎盛,其后的早二叠世主要发育了稳定陆棚海沉积。  相似文献   

测井技术在灰岩地区隧道深孔勘探中的应用     

申建平  何红生 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(3):57-60

鄂西地区完整灰岩地层的视电阻率、密度、声波、自然伽马等曲线形态受灰岩胶结物质成份和泥质含量影响并具有一定的规律性，当灰岩地层受到构造、溶蚀作用产生破碎带、岩溶、裂隙等不良地质体或存在地下含水体时，各测井物理参数发生变化并在曲线形态上呈现异常反映，据此可以对不良地质体的位置、规模、类型进行准确判断。测井技术在鄂西地区灰岩地区隧道深孔勘探中的应用，补充、验证了钻探资料，为隧道设计、施工提供了可靠的依据。  相似文献   

山区三维地震勘探大时差静校正及时深转换     

何黄生  陈光明刘威周峰岩  陈国忠 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(2):34-36

山地煤矿采区地形条件复杂，正确进行大时差静校正是处理好二维地震勘探资料的重要一环。大时差静校正会改变煤层反射波时间(t0)及双曲线特征，为减小校正误差，需设立一个CMP面，将校正量分为高频分量和CMP校正量。在地形高差变化剧烈的山地，不能用高于地表面的统一基准面为零线进行时深转换，须进行充填层时差(△t)校正，将统一基准面校正到地表面，再以地表面为零线进行时深转换成图。以便准确无误的展示煤层赋存形态，提高构造图精度。  相似文献   

TRMM卫星微波成像仪分级产品及其反演降水算法   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

邓伟何会中  程明虎崔哲虎 《气象科技》2004,32(4):206-212

文章叙述了获取定量降水信息的意义，简要介绍了对热带测雨卫星TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)的仪器、美国国家宇航局提供的微波成像仪TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager)分级产品。对比了物理方法和经验方法反演降水的特点，并对一些经验方法以及倾斜对流系统对反演降水的影响、动态聚类分析、神经网络反演方法的研究成果进行了介绍。  相似文献   

CAPPS在太原市本地化过程中的改进和应用          下载免费PDF全文

苗爱梅李韬光  张红雨何翰原 骆丽楠 《应用气象学报》2004,15(3):329-335

该文针对CAPPS在太原市运行的误差问题，在分析其主要原因的基础上，变换地形背景场，依据不同季节、不同天气形势，在模式中增加对综合误差系数和扬尘系数的调节功能，进行多种数值模拟试验。结果表明:在误差分析基础上确定的模拟试验方案，使主要污染物SO₂、NO_X和PM₁₀的预报值与监测值的相关系数分别提高到0.96、0.91和0.89，最终使CAPPS成为预报准确率稳定在90%以上的业务化数值模式系统。  相似文献   

湘东北燕山期陆内碰撞造山带金多金属成矿地球化学   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19  

贺转利  许德如  陈广浩  夏斌  李鹏春  符巩固 《矿床地质》2004,23(1):39-51

文章采用微量元素(包括稀土元素)地球化学示踪方法，着重讨论了金大规模成矿的物质来源、含矿流体来源及含矿流体运移的能量问题。认为湘东北地区金多金属矿床成矿物质和含矿流体具多来源，大规模花岗质岩浆活动能为成矿元素的活化和成矿流体运移提供巨量能源；成矿物质一部分源于深部含矿热液，可能与富铅、富氯、中高温(320℃左右)、相对还原的酸性环境下的气成热液有关，而冷家溪群及相关地层金多金属成矿物质在热液活动和动力变质作用下的活化迁移有利于金多金属的大规模成矿。侏罗纪以来，岩石圈地球动力学转折及伴随的热液作用和动力变质作用对区内金多金属成矿起重要的作用，而岩浆作用、动力作用和/或热液活动影响程度的可能差异，导致了金多金属矿床具有不同的成矿特点。  相似文献   

内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床成因研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

朱笑青  张乾  何玉良  邵树勋 《矿床地质》2004,23(1):52-60

文章从地质特征及地球化学特征方面论证了孟恩陶勒盖矿床的成因。地质特征显示该矿床的形成与花岗岩之间不存在成因联系，矿床相对于岩浆岩围岩是后成的，花岗岩及断裂构造只是为矿床提供了储存空间。矿床地球化学特征显示该矿床的成因与可能位于深部的燕山期岩浆活动有关，成矿元素及硫主要来自岩浆，成矿流体以岩浆水为主。因此该矿床属于岩浆热液型多金属矿床。  相似文献   

Bio-climatic imprints on a Holocene loess palaeosol from China     

He Xiubin  Tian Junliang  Tang Keli  Sun Jianzhong  John A Matthews 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2004,22(5):455

Micromorphology, heavy minerals, pollen and soil properties were examined in a typical Holocene loess profile in the north of the Loess Plateau, consisting of a palaeosol (locally known as the Ansai palaeosol) underlain by the Malan loess and overlain by modern loess. The palaeosol consists of an upper humus-rich (AB) horizon over a clay-rich (Bt) horizon. The humus-rich horizon is intensely weathered, contains precipitated calcitic material derived from the overlying modern loess, and has both high pollen content and diversity. Clay coatings in the clay-rich horizon indicate formation by eluviation–illuviation of clay. Pedogenetic characteristics and pollen analysis imply that the vegetation during the time of most intensive soil development is likely to have been a warm-temperate forest. A complex interpretation of the loess–palaeosol sequence recognizes several development stages. The phase of soil development, maximum and minimum limiting ages for which are ca. 8800 and 4400 ¹⁴C years BP, involved continuing but reduced loess deposition, and successive Holocene bio-climatic environment overprinted new features on the palaeosol.  相似文献   

橄榄岩与榴辉岩中的一种金属合金     

张仲明  杨经绥  白文吉  陈方远  戎合 《城市地质》2004,16(4):14-17

对江苏东海橄榄岩与榴辉岩中部分矿物的初步测试分析 ,发现其中存在一种金属矿物。其矿物结构与镍纹石近似。推测该矿物为具地幔特征的铁镁质残留物。  相似文献