Climate tipping-point potential and paradoxical production of methane in a changing ocean     

Hongyue Dang  Jia Li 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(12):1714-1727

The global warming potential of methane (CH₄) is about 30 times stronger than that of carbon dioxide (CO₂) over a century timescale. Methane emission is hypothesized to have contributed to global climate change events and mass extinctions during Earth’s history. Therefore, the study of CH₄ production processes is critically important to the understanding of global climate change. It has been a dogma that biogenic CH₄ detectable in the oceans originates exclusively from the anaerobic metabolic activity of methanogenic archaea in hypoxic and anoxic environments, despite reports that many oxic surface and near-surface waters of the world’s oceans are CH₄-supersaturated, thereby rendering net sea-to-air emissions of CH₄. The phenomenon of CH₄ production in oxic marine waters is referred to as the “ocean methane paradox”. Although still not totally resolved, recent studies have generated several hypotheses regarding the sources of CH₄ production in oxic seawater. This review will summarize our current understanding of the importance of CH₄ in the global climate and analyze the biological processes and their underpinning mechanisms that lead to the production of CH₄ in oxic seawater environments. We will also tentatively explore the relationships of these microbial metabolic processes with global changes in climate and environment.  相似文献   

Predicting future water demand for Long Xuyen Quadrangle under the impact of climate variability     

Seung Kyu Lee  Truong An Dang 《Acta Geophysica》2018,66(5):1081-1092

Long Xuyen Quadrangle is one of the important agricultural areas of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam accounting for 25% of rice production. In recent years, the area faces drought and salinization problems, as part of climate change impact and sea level rise. These are the main causes that led to the crop water deficits for agricultural production. Therefore, this work was conducted to predict crop water requirement (CWR) based on consideration of other related meteorological factors and further redefine the crop planting calendar (CPC) for three main cropping seasons including winter–spring (WS), summer–autumn (SA) and autumn–spring (AS) using the Cropwat crop model based on the current climate conditions and future climate change scenarios. Meteorological data for the baseline period (2006–2016) and future corresponding to timescales 2020s, 2055s and 2090s of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios are used to predict CWR and CPC for the study area. The results showed that WS and SA crops needed more irrigation water than AS crop and the highest irrigation water requirement of the WS and SA crops occurred on developmental stage, while the AW crop appeared on growth, developmental and late stage for the baseline and timescales of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Calculation results of the shift of CPC indicated that the CWR of the AW crop decreased lowest approximately 6.6–20.6% for timescales of RCP4.5 scenario and 20.6–25.5% for RCP8.5 scenario compared with the baseline.  相似文献   

基于天文开源软件的卫星干涉测量数据处理系统          下载免费PDF全文

朱梦祎  吴元伟  姚当  弓剑军  刘佳  李西顺  马浪明  韦沛  雷辉  杨旭海 《天文学报》2021,62(4):40

VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry)技术观测卫星需要对干涉测量数据进行相关和后处理,通过相关、时延校准、条纹搜索,最终得到卫星的基线几何时延.基于天文开源软件建立起一套卫星干涉测量数据处理系统.该系统可工作在实时和事后两种状态,实现相关、中性大气、电离层、钟模型以及仪器硬件的时延校准、条纹搜索、生成基线时延和时延率序列.使用该系统处理北斗GEO (Geosynchronous Earth Orbit)卫星的干涉测量试验数据,得到了精度在1–2 ns量级的卫星基线时延序列.  相似文献   

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杨霞  党亚民  成英燕  杨铮 《大地测量与地球动力学》2009,29(1):101-105

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航空多光谱图像地形影响校正的模拟反射率方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

党福星 《国土资源遥感》1999,10(4):33-39

开展强起伏地形等复杂条件下的多光谱数据处理实用方法研究,是使中高山地区多光谱定量化解释成果水平取得明显提高的重要途径之一。本文根据地形因素对航空多光谱图像地质解释影响的特点、多光谱仪的成像方式,应用简化的太阳辐射能量平衡原理,研究了如何从航空多光谱图像像元的亮度变化中消除地形影响,模拟生成反射率图像的新方法。新方法综合考虑了地表太阳辐照度的变化、地物的光谱反射率、反照率和热辐射信息,与目前常规的处理技术(如比值法和剩余对数法) 相比,消除了地形坡度和坡向变化对图像解释的影响,保留了地物反照率信息,为多光谱定量化解释提供了更合理有效的反射率图像,对超光谱数据的处理和解释均有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

地震矩张量反演在地震观测报告中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘瑞丰  陈培善  任克新  党京平  李保昆 《地震地磁观测与研究》1999,20(4):1-6

针对我国地震工作的实际需要,从１９９５年起,《中国地震台网目录和地震矩张量解》刊登了国内较大地震和全球大震的地震矩张量解和震源机制解。同时在《中国地震年报》上也刊登国内及邻区较大地震的地震长张量解和震源机制解。为了方便用户使用,本文对有关参数进行了说明。  相似文献   

LLSVPs与全球热点空间叠置性再分析     

党牛  余星  胡航  许绪成  何虎  余娅娜 《地质学报》2022,96(12):4140-4148

地震层析成像显示在非洲和太平洋之下的核幔边界处(～2800 km)存在两个大型低剪切波速省(LLSVPs),分别被命名为Tuzo和Jason,指示温度或成分的异常。前人通过研究发现,大火成岩省喷发的古位置以及现今活动热点位置多位于LLSVPs边界±10°附近。由此,基于空间相关性,将LLSVPs狭窄的边界视为地幔热柱生成区,广泛用于解释地幔柱与热点的成因。但是,将一个深度2800 km的地球物理异常与地表热点建立联系,仍存在诸多不确定性。而且LLSVPs作为全球尺度的异常区,在地表的映射范围巨大,不可避免地与大量热点存在天然的空间叠置性,这种空间关联的程度以及是否具有成因联系仍然未知。本文考虑随机状态下热点落入LLSVPs范围的概率,对全球热点与LLSVPs边界重新进行空间分析,判断两者之间的空间叠置性。统计结果显示,全球热点与LLSVPs边界的空间相关性不及预期,Tuzo和Jason之间存在较大差异,Jason与热点缺乏空间位置相关性,而Tuzo与热点空间相关性较强。热点的分布与成因可能并不完全受控于LLSVPs。研究结果对普遍认为的LLSVPs与热点分布之间的强相关性提出质疑,在具...  相似文献   

Newmark精细积分格式及其在地震反应分析中的应用     

郭泽英  李青宁 《地震工程与工程振动》2007,27(4):30-34

在Newmark精细直接积分法的基础上,应用高斯积分与精细指数运算,提出该方法的两种逐步积分格式。文中对两种积分格式的稳定性和精度进行了分析。经过分析比较,第1种逐步积分格式计算精度较高,其稳定性明显地满足算法稳定性分析的条件;而第2种积分格式计算精度相对较差,且是不稳定的。因此本文将第1种积分格式应用于结构的地震反应分析中。算例表明,该逐步积分格式对地震作用有很好的适应性。  相似文献   

Molecular characterizations of chloramphenicol- and oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in mariculture waters of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hongyue Dang  Jingyi Zhao  Mingna Chen 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(7):987-994

In order to gain an understanding of the diversity and distribution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in maricultural environments, multidrug-resistant bacteria were screened for the rearing waters from a mariculture farm of China. Both abalone Haliotis discushannai and turbot Scophthalmus maximus rearing waters were populated with abundant chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria. These bacteria were also multidrug resistant, with Vibriosplendidus and Vibriotasmaniensis being the most predominant species. The chloramphenicol-resistance gene cat II, cat IV or floR could be detected in most of the multidrug-resistant isolates, and the oxytetracycline-resistance gene tet(B), tet(D), tet(E) or tet(M) could also be detected for most of the isolates. Coexistence of chloramphenicol- and oxytetracycline-resistance genes partially explains the molecular mechanism of multidrug resistance in the studied maricultural environments. Comparative studies with different antimicrobial agents as the starting isolation reagents may help detect a wider diversity of the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes.  相似文献   

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曲国庆  党亚民  章传银  苏晓庆 《大地测量与地球动力学》2008,28(4):102-106

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