Use of the census of population to discern trends in the Welsh language: an aggregate analysis     

Gary Higgs  Colin Williams  Danny Dorling 《Area》2004,36(2):187-201

The aim of this paper is to present a preliminary analysis of unitary authority level data from the 2001 census of population on the spatial (and, where available, temporal) patterns in proportions of Welsh speakers in Wales. In so doing we draw attention to the advantages (and limitations) of the census as a source of information on the state of the Welsh language. Although a 2 per cent increase in the percentage of Welsh speakers between 1991 and 2001 has been welcomed, several commentators have drawn attention to the change in the nature of the question asked at the 2001 census which may account for some of this increase. In this paper, we assess what is, and is not, possible to discern from the census, draw attention to other potential sources of information on the language and make some preliminary recommendations for those agencies concerned with monitoring trends in the future, both with regard to the need for more detailed language use surveys and the nature of the question included in subsequent censuses that would permit a more useful comparison of spatial and temporal trends.  相似文献   

What kind of quantitative methods for what kind of geography?     

Christopher J Keylock  Danny Dorling 《Area》2004,36(4):358-366

This paper asks why we teach what we teach to geography undergraduates in quantitative methods courses. We re-consider the origins of quantitative geography and note how partial and historically contingent the traditional syllabus is. From this basis, we suggest that other approaches should be considered in order to provide a broader training in quantitative methods. We then propose an example syllabus that attempts to integrate a range of quantitative methodologies within a common, applied context that is also connected to relevant social, economic and political issues. We conclude that students with a better understanding of methods in physical and social science could be very valuable to the betterment of society, but to achieve this may require a change to our quantitative methods teaching.  相似文献   

Paleo-Indian procurement of Camelops on the northwestern plains     

George C. Frison  Danny N. Walker  S. David Webb  George M. Zeimens 《Quaternary Research》1978,10(3):385-400

Camelops have been recorded in a number of Paleo-Indian sites that lack evidence of past procurement methods. Recently, two occurrences of Camelops remains have been recorded in Paleo-Indian animal kills in Wyoming. One kill situation was in a Hell Gap cultural context that produced remains of a single Camelops taken along with about 100 bison in a parabolic sand dune trap. The other Camelops was in a Clovis cultural context and deals with a single animal believed to have been taken in an arroyo trap that was used to take bison at several Paleo-Indian time periods. Identification of geomorphic features involved in these kill sites offers a basis for beginning to interpret Paleo-Indian camel procurement methods.  相似文献   

Carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen isotope studies of the regional metamorphic complex at Naxos,Greece     

Robert O. Rye  Roelof D. Schuiling  Danny M. Rye  J.Ben H. Jansen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1976,40(9):1031-1049

At Naxos, Greece, a migmatite dome is surrounded by schists and marbles of decreasing metamorphic grade. Sillimanite, kyanite, biotite, chlorite, and glaucophane zones are recognized at successively greater distances from the migmatite dome. Quartz-muscovite and quartz-biotite oxygen isotope and mineralogie temperatures range from 350 to 700°C.The metamorphic complex can be divided into multiple schist-rich (including migmatites) and marblerich zones. The δ¹⁸O values of silicate minerals in migmatite and schist units and quartz segregations in the schist-rich zones decrease with increase in metamorphic grades. The calculated δ¹⁸O_H2O values of the metamorphic fluids in the schist-rich zones decrease from about 15‰ in the lower grades to an average of about 8.5‰ in the migmatite.The δD values of OH-minerals (muscovite, biotite, chlorite, and glaucophane) in the schist-rich zones also decrease with increase in grade. The calculated δD_H2O values for the metamorphic fluid decrease from ?5‰ in the glaucophane zone to an average of about ?70‰ in the migmatite. The δD values of water in fluid inclusions in quartz segregations in the higher grade rocks are consistent with this trend.Theδ¹⁸O values of silicate minerals and quartz segregations in marble-rich zones are usually very large and were controlled by exchange with the adjacent marbles. The δD values of the OH minerals in some marble-rich zones may reflect the value of water contained in the rocks prior to metamorphism.Detailed data on 20 marble units show systematic variations of δ¹⁸O values which depend upon metamorphic grade. Below the 540°C isograd very steep δ¹⁸O gradients at the margins and large δ¹⁸O values in the interior of the marbles indicate that oxygen isotope exchange with the adjacent schist units was usually limited to the margins of the marbles with more exchange occurring in the stratigraphic bottom than in the top margins. Above the 540°C isograd lower δ¹⁸O values occur in the interior of the marble units reflecting a greater degree of recrystallization and the occurrence of Ca-Mg-silicates.Almost all the δ¹³C values of the marbles are in the range of unaltered marine limestones. Nevertheless, the δ¹³C values of most marble units show a general correlation with δ¹⁸O values.The $\text{CO}{}_2\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ mole ratio of fluid inclusions in quartz segregations range from 0.01 to 2. Theδ¹³C values of the CO₂ range from ?8.0 to 3.6‰ and indicate that at some localities CO₂ in the metamorphic fluid was not in carbon isotopic equilibrium with the marbles.  相似文献   

A commentary on: Tropical deforestation and atmospheric carbon dioxide     

L. D. Danny Harvey 《Climatic change》1991,19(1-2):119-121

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Book review     

L. D. Danny Harvey 《Climatic change》1989,14(3):309-310

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Modelling late-holocene snow-avalanche activity: Incorporating a new approach to lichenometry     

Danny McCarroll 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(6):527-539

Where snow avalanches descend steeply into large rivers, displacing bedload, avalanche boulder-ramparts may accumulate, retaining a record of late-Holocene snow-avalanche frequency. The age frequency of surface boulders on 12 such features in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway, was investigated using the size-frequency distribution of lichens. A model was constructed to simulate the influence of variations in avalanche frequency since AD 1325 on lichen-size-frequency distributions. Using this modelling approach it is not possible to define a unique pattern of avalanche activity to account for the observed lichen-size-frequency distributions, but it is possible to place strict limits on the range of scenarios that are acceptable. The results suggest that maximum avalanche activity occurred during the 19th century, after the peak of the Little Ice Age. This conflicts with historical records of avalanche damage to property at lower altitude in nearby valleys, which may reflect avalanche activity only during a short period of extreme climatic conditions. Close agreement between the records of snow avalanches and debris flows suggests that both reflect periods of high winter snowfall and rapid spring melting rather than low temperature. Future ‘greenhouse warming’ may therefore result in increased avalanche activity in southern Norway.  相似文献   

Infiltration of Immiscible Contaminants in the Unsaturated Zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Danny D. Reible  Tissa H. Illangasekare  Dharmesh V. Doshi  Mark E. Malhiet 《Ground water》1990,28(5):685-692

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Differential weathering of feldspar and pyroxene in an arctic-alpine environment     

Danny McCarroll 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(7):641-651

The relative relief of adjacent plagioclase and pyroxene minerals was accurately measured on a recently-exhumed outcrop of gabbroic rocks in Leirdalen, southern Norway. Above the level of the former soil surface the feldspars protrude above the pyroxenes whereas below that level the pyroxenes are higher. Differential relief declines with increasing depth of burial down to 80 cm. On exposed surfaces the mean loss of pyroxene relative to feldspar is 103 cm³ m^?2 of rock surface. With burial down to 50 cm in an arctic-alpine Brown Soil the mean loss of feldspar relative to pyroxene is 179 cm³ m^?2. These figures represent minimum amounts of weathering over about 9000 years. The results confirm the importance of chemical weathering in arctic-alpine environments and the techniques may provide useful physical measures of degree of weathering for use in rate studies and relative-dating.  相似文献   

High-resolution reconstruction of the last ice sheet in NW Scotland     

Ballantyne  McCarroll  Nesje  Dahl  Stone  & Fifield 《地学学报》1998,10(2):63-67

Reconstructions of the last (late Devensian) British ice sheet have hitherto been based on assumptions regarding its extent and form. Here we employ observational evidence for the maximum altitude of glacial erosion (trimlines) on mountains that protruded through the ice (palaeonunataks) to reconstruct the form of the ice sheet over ≈ 10 000 km² of NW Scotland. Contrasts in the clay mineralogy of soils and exposure ages of rock surfaces above and below these trimlines confirm that they represent the upper limit of late Devensian glacial erosion. The reconstruction yields realistic values of basal shear stress and is consistent with independent evidence of ice movement directions. The ice sheet reached ≈ 950 m altitude over the present N–S watershed, descended northwards and north-westwards, was deflected around an ice dome on Skye and an independent Outer Hebrides ice cap, and probably extended across the adjacent shelf on a bed of deforming sediments.  相似文献