Chemical composition of landfill leachate in a karst area with a Mediterranean climate (Marbella, southern Spain)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

I. Vadillo  F. Carrasco  B. Andreo  A. García de Torres  C. Bosch 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(4):326-332

 Between March 1994 and April 1997, the physical and chemical parameters and chemical composition of the urban solid waste leachate of the Marbella landfill (southern Spain) were determined. The data obtained show an ammonium and sodium chloride and bicarbonate type, a pH>7 and high mineralization, effectively described by the following parameters: Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Cl^– and alkalinity. The chemical composition depends on the rainfall: in dry years, the mineralization and component concentrations have values as much as double those found in normal rainfall years. After storm events, a major and rapid dilution (within several hours) is seen in the leachate. Received: 28 January 1998 · Accepted: 2 June 1998  相似文献   

Assessing socio-economic impacts of wave overtopping: An institutional perspective     

Jan Jaap Bouma  Delphine François  Albert Schram  Tom Verbeke 《Coastal Engineering》2009

One way to address the assessment of strategies to control wave overtopping at seawalls and related coastal defence structures is to make use of Cost-Benefit Analysis. The institutional context in which Cost-Benefit Analysis takes place influences decisions on the types of values that are taken into consideration and the subsequent selection of valuation methods. We suggest to consider Cost-Benefit Analysis in a broad institutional framework when decisions are to be made on coastal defence strategies. It is argued that the institutional context provides the rules of the game on how a balance can be found between social, economic and ecologic functions of projects that protect societies against overtopping.  相似文献