Uncertainty assessment of hydrologic and climate forecast models in Northeastern Brazil     

Hyun‐Han Kwon  Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho  Paul Block  Liqiang Sun  Upmanu Lall  Dirceu S. Reis Jr 《水文研究》2012,26(25):3875-3885

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Under-ice measurements of suspended particulate matters using ADCP and LISST-Holo     

Ha  Ho Kyung  Kim  Yong Hoon  Lee  Hyun Jung  Hwang  Byongjun  Joo  Hyoung Min 《Ocean Science Journal》2015,50(1):97-108

Ocean Science Journal - Using a mooring package comprising an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and holographic imaging system, a 1-day ice camp study was performed under the Arctic sea ice...  相似文献   

Statistical Analysis of the Relationships among Coronal Holes,Corotating Interaction Regions,and Geomagnetic Storms     

Yunhee Choi  Y.-J. Moon  Seonghwan Choi  Ji-Hye Baek  Sungsoo S. Kim  K.-S. Cho  G. S. Choe 《Solar physics》2009,254(2):311-323

We have examined the relationships among coronal holes (CHs), corotating interaction regions (CIRs), and geomagnetic storms in the period 1996?–?2003. We have identified 123 CIRs with forward and reverse shock or wave features in ACE and Wind data and have linked them to coronal holes shown in National Solar Observatory/Kitt Peak (NSO/KP) daily He i 10?830 Å maps considering the Sun?–?Earth transit time of the solar wind with the observed wind speed. A sample of 107 CH?–?CIR pairs is thus identified. We have examined the magnetic polarity, location, and area of the CHs as well as their association with geomagnetic storms (Dst≤?50 nT). For all pairs, the magnetic polarity of the CHs is found to be consistent with the sunward (or earthward) direction of the interplanetary magnetic fields (IMFs), which confirms the linkage between the CHs and the CIRs in the sample. Our statistical analysis shows that (1) the mean longitude of the center of CHs is about 8°E, (2) 74% of the CHs are located between 30°S and 30°N (i.e., mostly in the equatorial regions), (3) 46% of the CIRs are associated with geomagnetic storms, (4) the area of geoeffective coronal holes is found to be larger than 0.12% of the solar hemisphere area, and (5) the maximum convective electric field E _y in the solar wind is much more highly correlated with the Dst index than any other solar or interplanetary parameter. In addition, we found that there is also a semiannual variation of CIR-associated geomagnetic storms and discovered new tendencies as follows: For negative-polarity coronal holes, the percentage (59%; 16 out of 27 events) of CIRs associated with geomagnetic storms in the first half of the year is much larger than that (25%; 6 out of 24 events) in the second half of the year and the occurrence percentage (63%; 15 out of 24 events) of CIR-associated storms in the southern hemisphere is significantly larger than that (26%; 7 out of 27 events) in the northern hemisphere. Positive-polarity coronal holes exhibit an opposite tendency.  相似文献   

Mineralogical, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope constraints on mechanisms of ore deposition at the Samgwang mine (Republic of Korea)—a mesothermal, vein-hosted gold–silver deposit     

Bong Chul Yoo  Hyun Koo Lee  Noel C. White 《Mineralium Deposita》2010,45(2):161-187

The Samgwang mine is located in the Cheongyang gold district (Cheonan Metallogenic Province) of the Republic of Korea. It consists of eight massive, gold-bearing quartz veins that filled NE- and NW-striking fractures along fault zones in Precambrian granitic gneiss of the Gyeonggi massif. Their mineralogy and paragenesis allow two separate vein-forming episodes to be recognized, temporally separated by a major faulting event. The ore minerals occur in quartz and calcite of stage I, associated with fracturing and healing of veins. Hydrothermal wall-rock alteration minerals of stage I include Fe-rich chlorite (Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios 0.74-0.81), muscovite, illite, K-feldspar, and minor arsenopyrite, pyrite, and carbonates. Sulfide minerals deposited along with electrum during this stage include arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, galena, argentite, pyrargyrite, and argentian tetrahedrite. Only calcite was deposited during stage II. Fluid inclusions in quartz contain three main types of C–O–H fluids: CO₂-rich, CO₂–H₂O, and aqueous inclusions. Quartz veins related to early sulfides in stage I were deposited from H₂O–NaCl–CO₂ fluids (1,500–5,000 bar, average 3,200) with T _htotal values of 200°C to 383°C and salinities less than about 7 wt.% NaCl equiv. Late sulfide deposition was related to H₂O–NaCl fluids (140–1,300 bar, average 700) with T _htotal values of 110°C to 385°C and salinities less than about 11 wt.% NaCl equiv. These fluids either evolved through immiscibility of H₂O–NaCl–CO₂ fluids as a result of a decrease in fluid pressure, or through mixing with deeply circulated meteoric waters as a result of uplift or unloading during mineralization, or both. Measured and calculated sulfur isotope compositions (δ³⁴S_H2S = 1.5 to 4.8‰) of hydrothermal fluids from the stage I quartz veins indicate that ore sulfur was derived mainly from a magmatic source. The calculated and measured oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions (δ¹⁸O_H2O = −5.9‰ to 10.9‰, δD = −102‰ to −87‰) of the ore-forming fluids indicate that the fluids were derived from magmatic sources and evolved by mixing with local meteoric water by limited water–rock exchange and by partly degassing in uplift zones during mineralization. While most features of the Samgwang mine are consistent with classification as an orogenic gold deposit, isotopic and fluid chemistry indicate that the veins were genetically related to intrusions emplaced during the Jurassic to Cretaceous Daebo orogeny.  相似文献   

Geochemical dispersion patterns of As, Sb, Bi and Se associated with sulfide mineralization at Avoca, Eire     

C.J. Moon  M. Hale 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1983,19(1-3)

At Avoca, Eire, Kuroko-like sulfide mineralization comprising massive stratiform cupriferous pyrite, accompanied by hanging-wall galena-sphalerite mineralization and footwall stringer pyrite, is hosted by Ordovician sediments, calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastics. The sequence has been subjected to low-grade regional metamorphism, isoclinal folding and thrusting. The surficial cover comprises nonexotic glacial drift some 2 m thick. Previous work has demonstrated that major-element lithogeochemistry reflects the wall-rock alteration associated with the mineralization, but these signatures are absent from the overlying till. There is a poor heavy metal-expression at surface of the concealed mineralization.Analysis of wall rock, basal till and surface till samples for the chalcophile pathfinder elements As, Sb, Bi and Se (by rapid techniques which involve the introduction of their volatile hydrides into an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer) shows that a primary zonation of these elements around the mineralization can, in part, be traced to surface. In wall rocks, Bi enrichment is associated with the massive pyrite and footwall mineralization, Sb and Se anomalies occur in the hanging wall, and an As halo extends across all three types of mineralization. At surface, Bi and As anomalies are found over the massive pyrite and footwall zones, and an Sb anomaly occurs above the hanging-wall mineralization. The development of these patterns is attributed to mainly hydromorphic dispersion.The primary and surficial dispersion patterns of the chalcophile pathfinders should prove useful in exploration for other examples of Kuroko-type mineralization. The determination of these elements in geochemical exploration can be carried out quickly and cost-effectively.  相似文献   

Synrift stratigraphic geometry in a transfer zone coarse-grained delta complex, Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Young Kwan Sohn  Moon Son† 《Sedimentology》2004,51(6):1387-1408

The Gojusan fan delta is a coarse‐grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial‐fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow‐marine mouth‐bar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth‐bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilbert‐type foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp‐derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth‐bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert‐type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert‐type and shoal‐water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional transfer zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull‐apart basin margin.  相似文献   

Diagenesis of oxyanions (V, U, Re, and Mo) in pore waters and sediments from a continental margin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jennifer L. Morford  Steven R. Emerson  Suk Hyun Kim 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(21):5021-5032

This research tests the hypothesis that trace metals respond to the extent of reducing conditions in a predictable way. We describe pore water and sediment measurements of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), uranium (U), rhenium (Re), and molybdenum (Mo) along a transect off Washington State (USA). Sediments become less reducing away from the continent, and the stations have a range of oxygen penetration depths (depth to unmeasurable O₂ concentration) varying from a few millimeters to five centimeters. When oxygen penetrates ∼1 cm or less, Fe is reduced in the pore waters but reoxidized near the sediment-water interface, preventing a flux of Fe²⁺ to overlying waters, whereas Mn oxides are reduced and Mn²⁺ diffuses to overlying waters. Both Re and U authigenically accumulate in sediments. Only at the most reducing location, where the oxygen penetrates 0.3 cm below the sediment-water interface, does the surface 30 cm of sediments become reducing enough to authigenically accumulate Mo.Stations in close proximity to the Juan de Fuca Ridge crest are enriched in Mn and Fe from hydrothermal plume processes. Both V and Mo clearly associate with Mn cycling, whereas U may be associating with either Mn oxides and/or Fe oxyhydroxides. Rhenium is uncomplicated by adsorption to Mn oxides and/or Fe oxyhydroxides, and Re accumulation in sediments appears to be due solely to the extent of reducing conditions. Therefore, authigenic sediment Re enrichment appears to be the best indicator for intermediate reducing conditions, where oxygen penetrates less than ∼1 cm below the sediment-water interface, when coupled with negligible authigenic Mo enrichment.  相似文献   

The high-velocity molecular stream in W51B: a ring structure with compact H ii regions     

Moon  & Park 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,296(4):863-868

We present ¹³ CO J  = 1 − 0 line observations of the H  ii region complex W51B located in the high-velocity (HV) stream. These observations reveal a filamentary and clumpy structure in the molecular gas. The mean local standard of rest (LSR) velocity ∼ + 65 km s⁻¹ of the molecular gas in this region is greater than the maximum velocities allowed by kinematic Galactic rotation curves. The size and mass of the molecular clouds are ∼ 48 × 17 pc² and ∼ 2.4 × 10⁵ M⊙ respectively. In a position–velocity diagram, molecular gas in the southern part comprises a redshifted ring structure with v _LSR=+ 60 to +73 km s⁻¹. The velocity gradient of this ring is ∼ 0.5 km s⁻¹ pc⁻¹, and the mass is ∼ 6.2 × 10⁴ M⊙. If we assume that the ring is expanding with a uniform velocity, the expansion velocity, radius and kinetic energy are ∼ 7 km s⁻¹, ∼ 13 pc and ∼ 3.0 × 10 ⁴⁹ erg respectively. The kinetic energy and mass spectrum of the ring could be explained by an expanding cylindrical cloud with a centrally condensed mass distribution. The locations of two compact H  ii regions, G49.0−0.3 and G48.9−0.3, coincide with the two molecular clumps in this ring. We discuss star formation, and the mechanism that produced the ring structure.  相似文献   

Distribution of Cs and Pu in the surface waters of the East Sea (Sea of Japan)     

Dong-Jin Kang  Chang Soo Chung  Suk Hyun Kim  Kyung-Ryul Kim  Gi Hoon Hong   《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,35(7-12):305-312

Surface and subsurface water samples for ¹³⁷Cs and ^239,240Pu analysis were collected in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) during August 1993. The ¹³⁷Cs levels of the surface waters are quite homogeneous in the East Sea (average = 3.1±0.2 mBq kg⁻¹). The ^239,240Pu levels vary from 6 to 10 μBq kg⁻¹ in the surface. ^239,240Pu to ¹³⁷Cs ratios in the surface water are within 0.002 to 0.003. The East Sea may be regarded as a part of the North Pacific Ocean in terms of ¹³⁷Cs dispersal in the surface, where the ¹³⁷Cs contents of the surface seawater seem to be controlled primarily by the atmospheric input. However, since our sampling was made just two months prior to the widely publicized Russian dumping incident on the 17th October 1993, our measurements may provide background data to assess the immediate impact of the Russian dumping on the levels of ¹³⁷Cs and ^239,240Pu in the East Sea.  相似文献   

Adaptive bang–bang control for the vibration control of structures under earthquakes     

C. W. Lim  T. Y. Chung  S. J. Moon 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(13):1977-1994

An adaptive method based on the modified bang–bang control algorithm is proposed for the vibration control of structures subjected to unexpected severe seismic loads greater than the design loads. A hydraulic‐type active mass damper was made and experiments were carried out in the laboratory using a one‐story test structure and a five‐story test structure with the active mass damper. Through numerical simulations and experiments it was confirmed that the proposed method works well to suppress the vibration of structures subjected to unexpected severe seismic loads greater than the design loads without causing any unstable situations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献