Application of passive source surface-wave method in site engineering seismic survey          下载免费PDF全文

Chaofan Wang  Jian Zhang  Lihui Yan  Hui Liu  Dong Zhao 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(1):101-106

Site engineering seismic survey provides basic data for seismic effect analysis. As an important parameter of soil, shear-wave velocity is usually obtained through wave velocity testing in borehole. In this paper, the passive source surface-wave method is introduced into the site engineering seismic survey and practically applied in an engineering site of Shijingshan District. By recording the ubiquitous weak vibration on the earth surface, extract the dispersion curve from the surface-wave components using the SPAC method and obtain the shear-wave velocity structure from inversion. Over the depth of 42 m underground, it totally consists of five layers with interface depth of 3.31, 4.50, 7.23, 17.41, and 42.00 m; and shear-wave velocity of 144.0, 198.3, 339.4, 744.2, and 903.7 m/s, respectively. The inversion result is used to evaluate site classification, determine the maximum shear modulus of soil, provide basis for further seismic hazard analysis and site assessment or site zoning, etc. The result shows that the passive source surface-wave method is feasible in the site engineering seismic survey and can replace boreholes, shorten survey period, and reduce engineering cost to some extent.  相似文献   

Mechanism on Moho offset induced by aseismic slip of deeply buried faults          下载免费PDF全文

Zhen Fu  Hai-ming Zhang  Shu-wen Dong 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(3):247-256

Recent high-resolution deep seismic reflection profile across the Kunlun fault in northeastern Tibet shows clearly that the Moho is cut off by a complex thrust fault system. Moho offset is a general phenomenon, but little is known about the dynamic mechanism. In this study, contact models with Maxwell materials are used to simulate the mechanical process of Moho offset induced by the aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. Based on the seismic reflection data, we project a single fault model and a complex fault system model with two faults intersecting. The deformations of the Moho, the aseismic slips, and contact stresses on faults in different models are discussed in detail. Results show that the Moho offset might be produced by aseismic slip of deeply buried faults, and the magnitude is influenced by the friction coefficient of faults and the viscosity of the lower crust. The maximum slip occurs near the Moho on the single fault or at the crossing point of two intersecting faults system. Stress concentrates mainly on the Moho, the deep end of faults, or the crossing point. This study will throw light on understanding the mechanism of Moho offset and aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. The results of complex fault system with two faults intersecting are also useful to understand the shallow intersecting faults that may cause earthquakes.  相似文献   

Aftershock sequence simulations using synthetic earthquakes and rate-state seismicity formulation          下载免费PDF全文

Heming Xu  Yifeng Cui  James H. Dieterich  Keith Richards-Dinger  Efecan Poyraz  Dong Ju Choi 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(4):401-410

We use an efficient earthquake simulator that incorporates rate-state constitutive properties and uses boundary element method to discretize the fault surfaces, to generate the synthetic earthquakes in the fault system. Rate-and-state seismicity equation is subsequently employed to calculate the seismicity rate in a region of interest using the Coulomb stress transfer from the main shocks in the fault system. The Coulomb stress transfer is obtained by resolving the induced stresses due to the fault patch slips onto the optimal-oriented fault planes. The example results show that immediately after a main shock the aftershocks are concentrated in the vicinity of the rupture area due to positive stress transfers and then disperse away into the surrounding region toward the background rate distribution. The number of aftershocks near the rupture region is found to decay with time as Omori aftershock decay law predicts. The example results demonstrate that the rate-and-state fault system earthquake simulator and the seismicity equations based on the rate-state friction nucleation of earthquake are well posited to characterize the aftershock distribution in regional assessments of earthquake probabilities.  相似文献   

Soil phosphorus bioavailability assessed by XANES and Hedley sequential fractionation technique in a glacier foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain,Southwestern China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

YanHong Wu  Jörg Prietzel  Jun Zhou  HaiJian Bing  Ji Luo  Dong Yu  ShouQin Sun  JianHong Liang  HongYang Sun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(8):1860-1868

The primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by soil phosphorus bioavailability, which depends largely on chemical fractions of phosphorus. The sequential fractionation technique developed by Hedley et al. or its subsequent modification is a well-known method to determine soil phosphorus forms. Hedley sequential fractionation technique separates the phosphorus into fractions based on their different chemical solubilities in extractants with certain chemical properties. Recently, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been employed to measure soil phosphorus species directly and non-invasively. The XANES method provides information concerning local structure and chemical information of target elements at a molecular level. Thus, it can distinguish phosphorus fractions bound by metal oxides or hydroxides (such as Fe, Al, and Ca). In this present work, the phosphorus speciation of topsoil along a glacial foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain is determined using these two methods. The changes in soil phosphorus bioavailability along the 120-year-old chronosequence are assessed based on comparisons of the results obtained by these two methods. The results indicate that Hedley sequential fractionation technique shows a greater ability to determine soil bioavailable phosphorus (Resin-P and NaCHO₃-P), while XANES is effective in distinguishing phosphorus bound by metal compounds. In the chronosequence, Ca- and Al-bound phosphorus were derived mainly from primary minerals, whose phosphorus contents decreased within 120 years of moraine weathering and soil development. The content of soil bioavailable phosphorus increased rapidly after 30 years since deglaciation. The increasing phosphorus bioavailability promoted the colonizing and primary succession vegetation.  相似文献   

节理岩体超声测试及单轴压缩试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙旭曙  李建林  王乐华  陈兴周  李飞  程冬 《岩土力学》2014,35(12):3473-3478

为了获取节理岩体各向异性力学特性和声波传播规律的相互关系,通过制作圆柱形单一预制贯通节理试件,开展了7种不同倾角节理试件的超声波波速测试和单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：（1）节理试件波速测试值离散性较大,但总体服从正态分布,波速平均值介于石膏试件和完整试件之间,波速随节理倾角增大呈线性递减;（2）不同倾角的节理面对节理试件力学特性的影响很大,在应力-应变关系、变形特征、强度特征和破坏模式上均表现出显著的各向异性特征;（3）节理试件的力学性质和超声波传播特性变化规律区别很大,采用超声波波速确定节理试件的力学参数会存在很大误差。  相似文献   

南海琼东南盆地崖13-1气田古近系陵水组海陆过渡带沉积特征及演化*          下载免费PDF全文

赵东娜  朱筱敏  林金成  董艳蕾  杨朝强  王庆帅 《古地理学报》2014,16(3):385-400

南海北部琼东南盆地中的众多凹陷均有海陆过渡相沉积,沉积相类型包括海湾辫状河三角洲和河口湾-潮坪。本次研究以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,将崖13-1气田古近系渐新统陵水组三段及二段各划分为1个长期基准面旋回,并在其内部进一步识别出10个中期基准面旋回(S1-S10)。在等时地层格架内,对陵水组三段及陵水组二段发育的沉积相特征及演化进行深入的探讨。陵水组三段沉积时期,研究区主要发育海湾辫状河三角洲沉积,其具有独特的层理构造、富含泥质纹层以及遗迹化石丰富。该沉积体系自下而上潮汐作用越来越强,早期以河流作用为主(S1-S4),中期为河流和潮汐混合作用(S5-S6),晚期逐渐过渡到以潮汐作用占主导(S7-S8)。陵水组二段沉积时期,研究区发生全面海侵,沉积作用方式及沉积特征更加复杂,生物成因构造更加独特,本次研究将其解释为河口湾-潮坪沉积(S9-S10)。研究表明,区域海平面的不断上升是研究区沉积相从海湾辫状河三角洲演化到河口湾-潮坪的主要控制因素。  相似文献   

粤西-琼东北近海沉积物的运移和沉积     

许冬  初凤友  李家彪  杨海丽  陈亮 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(3):905

为了深入认识珠江现代入海物质在粤西陆架随海流迁移扩散的路径和沉积中心,利用Gao-Collins方法分析了粤西-琼东北近海1 515个站位的粒径趋势,并用²¹⁰Pb法测定了8支柱样的现代沉积速率。结果表明,在粤西沿岸流和南海暖流这两个相向海流的共同作用下,珠江口外珠江来源的泥质沉积物的主体被限制在-50 m等深线以浅的内陆架。现代珠江入海物质能维持粤西陆架泥质沉积区0.1 cm/a左右的现代沉积速率。在川山群岛至海陵岛一带和琼州海峡东侧泥质区,分别受岛屿阻挡和逆时针中尺度涡旋的影响,形成了现代沉积中心。在沉积物不同粒级的来源和搬运方式存在差异的地方,粒径趋势分析结果可能主要反映的是粗颗粒沉积物的运移趋势,而非细颗粒沉积物的运移方向。  相似文献   

辽宁省环境效率及其时空分异   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

盖美  连冬  田成诗  柯丽娜 《地理研究》2014,33(12):2345-2357

环境问题已经成为辽宁省经济发展的瓶颈。基于随机前沿分析SFA与非期望产出的数据包络SBM的研究方法,选取2005年到2011年为研究时间,对辽宁省14个地级市环境效率进行测算,并利用聚类分析、基尼系数与β趋同等研究方法对环境效率进行时空分析。在此基础上,利用Tobit模型建立多元回归,以分析辽宁省环境效率的影响因素。结果表明：大连、沈阳、鞍山的环境绝对效率水平较高,朝阳市绝对效率水平最低;大连、盘锦、沈阳处于生产有效单元,朝阳相对效率属强无效单元;在空间与时间的分析上大连、沈阳等是效率水平高的地区,朝阳为最低地区,空间呈“山脊状”分布;绝对效率值差距在不断缩小,相对效率差距在拉大后趋于稳定;回归结果显示产业结构与经济发展水平对环境经济效率及企业资本深化与生产技术水平起正向作用;财政支持与外商直接投资没有通过模型检验,未对环境效率起作用。  相似文献   

Evolving a core-periphery pattern of manufacturing industries across Chinese provinces   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qiliang Mao  Fei Wang  Jun Li  Suocheng Dong 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):924-942

This paper, concerning uneven development in China, empirically analyzes the core-periphery gradient of manufacturing industries across provinces （autonomous regions, municipalities）, and assesses the extent to which these provinces have changed in recent years. Since China＇s reform and opening-up, the spatial structure of the economy has pre- sented a significant core-periphery pattern, the core evidently skewing towards east-coastal areas. With the deepening of market reforms and expansion of globalization, industrial loca- tion is gradually in line with the development advantages of provinces. The core provinces specialize in those industries characterized by strong forward and backward linkages, as well as a high consumption ratio, a high degree of increasing returns to scale, and labor or hu- man-capital intensity. However, it is the opposite with regard to peripheral provinces, in addi- tion, energy intensive industries are gradually concentrating in these areas. To a certain de- gree, the comparative advantage theory and new economic geography identify the underlying forces that determine the spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China. This paper indicates that the industrialization of regions along different gradients becomes unsynchro- nized will be a long-term trend. Within a certain period, regions are bound to develop indus- trial sectors in line with their respective characteristics and development stage. A core-periphery pattern of industries also indicates that industrial development differentials across regions arise because of not only the uneven distribution of industries but also the inconsistent evolving trends of industrial structure for each province.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠景区旅游环境容量   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

董瑞杰  董治宝 《中国沙漠》2014,34(5):1424-1433

沙漠旅游环境容量有特殊性,对巴丹吉林沙漠旅游环境容量的4类结构体系测算表明：旅游空间容量和旅游生态环境容量是沙漠旅游开发的瓶颈,生态环境容量是沙漠旅游最敏感的因素,社会经济因子不是该沙漠景区旅游环境容量的限制因子,旅游心理容量的影响不大。结合旅游环境容量评估结果及限制因子分析,设置不同的生态容量方案。对游客人数的的动态变化研究表明景区还处于旅游发展阶段,但旅游旺季的旅游环境容量几乎接近饱和。最后提出对景区开发保护的策略。  相似文献