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排序方式: 共有166条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
81.
Robert Wood Doug Johnson Simon Osborne Meinrat O. Andreae Brain Bandy Timothy S. Bates Colin O'Dowd Paul Glantz Kevin Noone Patricia K. Quinn Jochen Rudolph Karsten Suhre 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):401-422
Aircraft measurements are presented of the Lagrangian evolution of a marine boundary layer over a 30‐h period during the ACE‐2 field campaign. At the start of the observational period, a 500‐m deep polluted marine internal boundary layer (MIBL) was overlain by the remnants of a polluted continental boundary layer extending to around 2 km below a clean, dry free troposphere. The MIBL grew rapidly to a thickness of 900–1000 m in response to increasing sea surface temperatures. No significant aerosol spectral evolution was observed in the boundary layer. Low concentrations of SO2 were observed in the MIBL suggesting that the air mass contained relatively aged aerosol. Aerosol spectra show a broad mode with a modal diameter of around 0.1μm. The polluted layer between the MIBL and the unpolluted free troposphere was only weakly and intermittently turbulent which prevented significant entrainment of clean air into the polluted layer from aloft. The polluted layer depth was thus controlled mainly by subsidence which as a result becomes shallower, decreasing from over 2000 m to around 1200 m during the observational period. The aerosol characteristics of the polluted layer were similar to those in the MIBL and so although the MIBL entrained considerable amounts of air from above the MIBL the aerosol characteristics underwent no significant change. This has important implications for the rate at which a polluted continental air mass is converted to a clean marine one. The dataset should prove useful in the validation of the modelling of continental pollution outbreaks. 相似文献
82.
Three-dimensional slope stability analysis of South Peak, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Marc-Andr�� Brideau Andrea Pedrazzini Doug Stead Corey Froese Michel Jaboyedoff David van Zeyl 《Landslides》2011,8(2):139-158
South Peak is a 7-Mm3 potentially unstable rock mass located adjacent to the 1903 Frank Slide on Turtle Mountain, Alberta. This paper presents
three-dimensional numerical rock slope stability models and compares them with a previous conceptual slope instability model
based on discontinuity surfaces identified using an airborne LiDAR digital elevation model (DEM). Rock mass conditions at
South Peak are described using the Geological Strength Index and point load tests, whilst the mean discontinuity set orientations
and characteristics are based on approximately 500 field measurements. A kinematic analysis was first conducted to evaluate
probable simple discontinuity-controlled failure modes. The potential for wedge failure was further assessed by considering
the orientation of wedge intersections over the airborne LiDAR DEM and through a limit equilibrium combination analysis. Block
theory was used to evaluate the finiteness and removability of blocks in the rock mass. Finally, the complex interaction between
discontinuity sets and the topography within South Peak was investigated through three-dimensional distinct element models
using the code 3DEC. The influence of individual discontinuity sets, scale effects, friction angle and the persistence along
the discontinuity surfaces on the slope stability conditions were all investigated using this code. 相似文献
83.
Fundamental differences between SPH and grid methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oscar Agertz Ben Moore Joachim Stadel Doug Potter Francesco Miniati Justin Read Lucio Mayer Artur Gawryszczak rey Kravtsov Åke Nordlund Frazer Pearce Vicent Quilis Douglas Rudd Volker Springel James Stone Elizabeth Tasker Romain Teyssier James Wadsley Rolf Walder 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(3):963-978
84.
85.
Doug Burns 《水文研究》2005,19(6):1325-1327
86.
欧亚大陆走滑断裂带是否实现对青藏地壳及岩石层的向东挤出,很大程度上取决于断层尾端变形的动力学机制。本文我们利用青藏高原北部昆仑断裂最东段千年尺度的地貌标志物提供一组最新的滑动速率测定结果。该断裂带是印度?亚欧碰撞带产生的最主要走滑断裂带之一,在西藏岩石层向东挤出的模型中扮演着主要的作用。曾有人争论在相当长的长度内该断裂显示出相同的滑动速率。黄河支流上的河流阶地位移以及阶地上物质的14C测年可以控制晚更新世至全新世断层以来的滑动速率。结果显示沿断裂东部约150km滑动速率从>10mm/a~<2mm/a自西向东系统地递减。这些数据向那些认为整条断裂滑动速率保持一致的观点提出质疑,相反揭示出位错的梯度性,这与那些在断层尾端预期的情形是类似的。另外,沿断层的滑动看起来在增厚的高原地壳内部终结,因此沿昆仑断裂的滑动导致的西藏岩石层的挤出都会被断裂尾端周围高原的内部变形所吸收。 相似文献
87.
塔里木盆地新疆喀什以西部分是西南天山和帕米尔两大对冲构造系统的会聚带,关于两者变形前缘和分界的确切位置存在不同认识.在乌恰县以南的玛依卡克盆地南缘,清晰可见属于帕米尔构造带、向N或NNE逆冲的帕米尔前缘逆冲推覆体(PFT).最近野外调查在盆地北部发现了西南天山前缘的最新变形带:向南逆冲的乌拉根背斜南翼断层.断层总体近E... 相似文献
88.
89.
Doug Newcomb 《Transactions in GIS》2012,16(2):161-176
Sunlight can have a significant impact on freshwater aquatic communities. Using 64‐ bit GRASS, a previously generated 18.2 m resolution forest canopy height grid for the State of North Carolina was used as a base elevation layer for calculation of 18.2 m resolution total irradiance (Watt‐hours/square meter/day) grids for 365 days of the year. Daily calculations were aggregated annually and overlaid on rasterized 1:24,000‐scale USGS hydrology with canopy type and seasonal filters to quantify annual solar irradiation input to streams and rivers in North Carolina. Bare earth calculations of solar irradiation for the aquatic habitats were compared to the canopy filtered calculations. There was substantially less solar irradiation in aquatic habitats under the canopy filtered model. Total solar irradiation for subbasins created from point locations of occurrences of Dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) were compared with total solar irradiation for watersheds created from locations with no mussels for the full subbasin, 1 km, and 500 m upstream from the sampling point. There was no significant difference in the amount of total solar irradiation modeled for the subbasins with Dwarf wedgemussel and watersheds with no mussels. 相似文献
90.
A range of diagnostics from two GCM simulations, one of the present-day climate and one of the last glacial maximum (LGM)
is used to gain insight into their different temperature structures and eddy dynamics. There are large local increases in
baroclinicity at the LGM, especially in the Atlantic storm track, with large accompanying increases in the low level transient
eddy heat flux. However, the differences in the zonal mean are much smaller, and the increases in both baroclinicity and heat
flux are confined to low levels. Supplementary experiments with baroclinic wave lifecycles confirm the marked contrast between
local and zonal mean behaviour, but do not adequately explain the differences between the zonal mean climates. The total flux
of energy across latitude circles in the Northern Hemisphere does not change much during DJF, although its transient component
is actually reduced at the LGM (during JJA the transient component is increased). Calculations of total linear eddy diffusivity
reveal that changes in the time mean stationary waves are chiefly responsible for the seasonal range of this quantity at the
LGM, while they only account for half the seasonal range at the present-day. 相似文献