Recent variations in the general circulation as related to glacier retreat in northern Scandinavia     

Dr. C. C. Wallén 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1950,18(1):175-178

Summary A review is given of the investigations on variations in the general circulation in middle latitudes made byWillett andPetterssen. According toWillett a «high-index» type of circulation pattern with a strong zonal flow has probably caused the recent climatic improvement in the northern latitudes while the «low-index» type with meridional flow would create a cooling off in the same areas. According toPetterssen an other type of «low-index» pattern with a weak zonal flow and strong meridional exchange of air has been the essential cause of the warming up of the northern latitudes in Europe. This implies that the definition of the «low-index» type is not clear and gives rise to misunderstanding. Making use of our experience on glacier retreat in northern Scandinavia it is concluded that thePetterssen type of circulation more probably than the «high-index» type has caused the warming-up in the North Atlantic area from which the retreat of the glaciers has followed.  相似文献   

Una semplice dimostrazione del teorema di bjerknes sulle circolazioni atmosferiche     

Prof. Dr. Luigi Castoldi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1950,18(1):160-161

Riassunto Si fa uso di una formula di derivazione di un integrale di superficie per dimostrare un teorema meteorologico diV. Bjerknes.

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Summary Use is made of a differentiation's formula for surface integrals in showing aV. Bjerknes' meteorological theorem.

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Die geodätsiche Anwendung der Sonnenfinsternisse     

Dr. R. A. Hirvonen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1950,18(1):103-106

Summary The recording of the contact times of a solar eclipse on two stations provides a geodetic measurement of the arc between the stations. The applications of this idea hitherto undertaken and the relevant apparature are briefly summarized. Some experiences obtained at the measuring of the records and at the computing of the results are described.  相似文献   

The criterion of dynamic stability of zonal motion including the vertical shear     

Dr. H. Arakawa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,20(1):56-61

Summary Many writers treated on the problem of dynamic instability of westerly flow due to the excessive horizontal shear, and the present author discusses the corresponding dynamic instability due to the vertical shear. The critical vertical shear in indifferent stratification is given by the condition — the meridional component of absolute vorticity vanishes, — and is an approximate negative valueof 10^–4 sec ^–1 in middle latitude. However the critical vertical shear in normal stable stratification is a fairly large negative value of 2 sec^–1. It might be emphasized that the problem of this study differs fromRichardson's criterion of turbulence, for the present author discusses the condition under which the zonal flow is dynamically stable, whileRichardson expressed the condition under which the turbulence will decrease.  相似文献   

Bericht über die Tagung der Meteorologischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg vom 25. bis 29.10.1950     

Prof. Dr. K. Schneider-Carius 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,19(1-2):105-107

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Buchbesprechungen     

Dr. med G. Huber-Pestalozzi  Hans Wolfgang Schäfer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1951,13(1):192-196

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Die wirkliche Solarkonstante     

Prof. Dr. Kurt Wegener 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,19(3-4):170-172

Zusammenfassung Die Solarkonstante 2.4 wird begründet.

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Summary The true solar constant 2.4 is proved.

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Erwiderung zu dem Aufsatz von Dr. Georgi: Das neue Absolut-Pyrheliometer von Prof. K. Wegener     

Prof. Dr. Kurt Wegener 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,20(1):85-85

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Rappresentazione di curve spaziali materializzate     

Dr. Carlo Bernasconi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,19(1-2):39-43

Riassunto Per rappresentare una curva spaziale su un piano si può piegare un filo metallico secondo la curva e fotografarlo, operazione che però richiede molto tempo. Nel presente articolo l'A. illustra un dispositivo ottico che, sostituito alla matita della tavola di egresso della macchina diBush, è atto a descrivere su pellicola una curva simile all'immagine fotografica del filo. In questo studio si sono considerati soltanto i casi in cui la sorgente di luce che illumina la è all'infinito o nella origine delle coordinate, mentre il punto di vista à sempre all'infinito.

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Summary One may represent a spatial curve on a plane by bending a metal thread along the curve and then photographing it, but in this way much time is wasted. In the present paper the A. suggests an optical device which, replaced to the pencil of the out-put table ofBush's machine, traces on film a curve that should look like the photographic image of the thread. In this study were taken into account only the cases in which the light source lighting , is at the infinite or in the coordinate origin, while the point of view is always at the infinite.

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Die gravitationelle Deklination,ihre Bestimmung und ihre Elimination     

Prof. Dr. A. Berroth 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1951,19(3-4):117-123

Summary The gravitational declination appears here as the analogue of the wellknown magnetic declination. The photographic recording theodolit in connection with a high frequency impulse transmitter allows, by a method of simultaneousness on two fieldstations, its direct and connected measurement and its elimination with regard to geodetic directions. The method has been based on linear equations, with the only request of horizontal angle measurements to a plain system of stars, abstracting from any transportable clocks. The method promises a higher accuracy and a multiple as great working velocity, comparatively to the state at present.

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Résumé Le déclinaison gravitationelle apparaît ici comme analogue à la déclinaison magnétique. Le théodolite photographique enrégistreur utilisé avec des signaux horaires radiotélégraphiques spéciaux permet par une méthode de simultanéité, appliquée à deux stations de campagne, sa détermination et son élimination rélativement à des directions géodésiques. La méthode est basée sur des équations linéaires et ne demande que des mesures horizontales par rapport à un système simple d'étoiles sans avoir recours aux pendules transportables. Elle fournit probablement une exactitude bien améliorée et une vitesse plusieurs fois plus grande comparées à l'état actuel.

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