Geochemical records of decadal variations in terrestrial input and recent anthropogenic eutrophication in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yu Yu  Jinming Song  Xuegang Li  Liqin Duan 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

Increasing eutrophication and seasonal anoxia in bottom water in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters has progressed in recent decades, caused by elevated anthropogenic N and P input. Sedimentary biogenic elements were investigated to determine whether the biogenic proxies could be used in paleoenvironmental studies in an energetic estuary, as well as to reconstruct the histories of environmental changes in the East China Sea (ECS). Two ²¹⁰Pb-dated cores from the coastal and offshore waters were analyzed for organic C (TOC) and its stable isotope (δ¹³C), total N (TN), biogenic Si (BSi), total P (TP) and P species. In coastal sediment, the variations of P species, especially Fe-P, Al-P and detrital apatite P (Det-P), reflected the dry–wet oscillations in the Changjiang River for the past century, which has influenced the sediment grain size and terrestrial material input. Much lower BSi content (0.756%) at 16–22 cm likely recorded the pronounced decrease in silicate flux in the Changjiang River and its lower flow in the late 1980s. In offshore sediment, higher concentrations of TOC, TN, BSi, Ex-P, Fe-P and Lea-OP indicated higher primary productivity in response to the strong winter monsoons during the 1960s–1980s, and their 20-a fluctuations were in agreement with the decadal variations of the winter monsoon. Low contents and little variations of Al-P and Det-P indicated the slight influence of the terrestrial sediment input in offshore waters. The influence of human activities on the environment in recent decades has also been recorded in coastal sediment. Grain-size normalized concentrations of TOC, TN, TP, Ex-P, Fe-P and Lea-OP increased by 24%, 23%, 15%, 13% and 51% in the upper 16 cm of coastal sediment, indicating elevated P and N load and primary productivity since the 1990s. Elevated TN/TP ratios and decreased BSi/TOC recorded the changed nutrient structure and the decrease in the proportion of the diatom to phytoplankton community. However, the sediment record indicated that the eutrophication might actually have started from the end of the 20th century rather than the reported middle of 20th century. In contrast, biogenic elements in offshore sediment did not reflect disturbance by human activities. This study revealed that multi-nutrient proxies in sediment in the ECS could indicate natural environmental changes including runoff and the winter monsoon over the past century, as well as the influence of human activities in recent decades. Phosphorus species with distinct origins and biogeochemical behaviors could effectively reflect different aspects of past environmental conditions.  相似文献   

青藏高原冬春积雪影响亚洲夏季风的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

段安民  肖志祥  吴国雄 《气象与环境科学》2014,37(3):94-101

青藏高原积雪作为亚洲夏季降水异常的一个预测因子已有很长历史。统计分析表明,青藏高原冬春积雪与印度夏季降水反相关,与我国长江中下游夏季降水多为正相关,不同作者对此现象给出了一些可能的解释,如地表反照率效应和积雪一水文效应。但积雪的这种跨季节滞后影响的具体物理过程仍有争议。另一方面,青藏高原冬春积雪资料存在不确定性,这对相关物理机制的理解造成了很大困难。通过回顾和梳理前人在该领域的研究成果,提出了高原积雪影响亚洲季风的未来研究方向。  相似文献   

2020年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评     

文鑫涛  李华玥  段乙好  郑通彦 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(4):651-656

本文在统计分析2020年中国5.0级以上地震目录的基础上,结合有关省（自治区、直辖市）地震局地震灾害损失评估资料,总结2020年中国大陆地震灾害情况和主要特点。总体全年地震灾害程度较轻,但小震致灾致亡的现象突出。将1991—2020年中国大陆地震灾害相应数据和特性进行比较,得到中国大陆致灾地震频次、伤亡情况和经济损失变化趋势。  相似文献   

ArcGIS点符号库向QGIS平台迁移的实现     

陈雅慧  段乙好  徐志双  李晓丽 《中国地震》2021,37(4):916-923

地图符号在各GIS平台之间存在的差异导致符号交换、共享困难, 本文以点状地图符号为基础, 分析了ArcGIS与QGIS平台中常用地图符号的格式结构差异; 通过Python编程设计符号转换方式, 将TTF转换为SVG图片格式, 使用标记组合的方法完成点符号制作。通过该方法转换的QGIS点状地图符号具备与ArcGIS相同的功能, 转换后的符号能够满足QGIS的制图要求, 实现了由ArcGIS到QGIS平台的点符号完整迁移, 节省了人工制作符号所消耗的时间。本文提出的符号转换方法在实际应用中能够满足地震行业相关业务需求, 在其他行业和GIS制图领域也具有良好的发展前景。  相似文献   

Effects of blue light on gametophyte development of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)     

Shi Cuijuan  Kataoka Hironao  Duan Delin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(3):323-329

Laminaria gametophyte was greatly influenced by light in its growth and development. Using light-emitting diodes (LED) as blue and red light sources, we analyzed the light effect on gametophytes development ofLaminaria japonica Aresch. The gametophytes were obtained from zoospores collected in April, May, July, 2003 and September, 2004. We found that the growth of gametophytes was stimulated by increasing intensity of blue light (BL) and red light (RL) illumination, of which BL was obviously stronger than that of RL. The fertilization of gametophytes depended largely on BL, and only sufficient BL illumination could take the reproductive effect. In addition, we noticed that there was a significant difference in light responses for gametophytes developed from zoospore collected in different times. For zoospores released in April, under BL₁ (73.90 μmol photons/m·s), the unicellular female gametophytes and multi-cellular male gametophytes produced eggs and sperms respectively, and further developed towards sporophytes. However, for gametophytes developed in May, July or September, they became multi-cellular and never formed oogonia or antheridia. It is believed that theLaminaria sporangium maturation stage could affect the gametophytes reaction to BL under laboratory culture conditions. Therefore, cryptochrome- or phototropin-like BL photoreceptors is probably involved in BL-induced development ofLaminaria gametophytes. This research was supported by the NSFC (No.40376049) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (The Invitation Fellowship for Research in Japan 2002).  相似文献   

Observation of female gamete (Carpogonia) germination of Porphyra yezoensis and P. oligospermatangia     

Mei Junxue  Eei Xiuigeng  Duan Delin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(4):414-417

Several papers have reported that part or whole leafy thallus seemingly consisting of zygotospores can give rise to both blades and conchocelis in the same culture ofPorphyra. Study on samples of wild and cultivatedPorphyra yezoensis andP. oligospermatangia were conducted to clarify the origination of the young blades in the culture. It is confirmed that single cells on the blade of both species, which normally intermixed with zygotospores, germinated into young blades. TEM and SEM observation has shown that the single cells ofPorphyra yezoensis had typical features of female gamete (carpogonia) but archeospore. Therefore, the female gametes are responsible in developing leafy thalli. This project was sponsored by the NSFC (No. C-0205-05-39770593)  相似文献   

A new method for testing pile by single-impact energy and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P-S</Emphasis> curve     

Xu Zhao-yong  Duan Yong-kang  Wang Bin  Hu Yi-li  Yang Run-hai  Xu Jun  Zhao Jin-ming 《地震科学（英文版）》2004,17(1):138-149

By studying the pile-formula and stress-wave methods (e.g., CASE method), the authors propose a new method for testing piles using the single-impact energy and P-S curves. The vibration and wave figures are recorded, and the dynamic and static displacements are measured by different transducers near the top of piles when the pile is impacted by a heavy hammer or micro-rocket. By observing the transformation coefficient of driving energy (total energy), the consumed energy of wave motion and vibration and so on, the vertical bearing capacity for single pile is measured and calculated. Then, using the vibration wave diagram, the dynamic relation curves between the force (P) and the displacement (S) is calculated and the yield points are determined. Using the static-loading test, the dynamic results are checked and the relative constants of dynamic-static P-S curves are determined. Then the subsidence quantity corresponding to the bearing capacity is determined. Moreover, the shaped quality of the pile body can be judged from the formation of P-S curves.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in the abundance and composition of plant pigments in particulate organic carbon in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shuiwang Duan  Thomas S. Bianchi 《Estuaries and Coasts》2006,29(3):427-442

Plant pigments in particulate organic carbon were examined in the lower Mississippi and Pearl Rivers (U.S.), along with physical variables and nutrients to study seasonal changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton. Water samples were collected monthly from September 2001 to August 2003 in the lower Mississippi River (MR; no samples were taken in February 2002) and from August 2001 to July 2003 in the Pearl River (PR). High concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients, and chlorophylla (chla; dominated by diatoms) were observed in the lower MR. The smaller blackwater PR was characterized by lower nutrients and chla, higher ultraviolet absorbance, and a phytoplankton biomass dominated by chlorophytes. Chla concentrations in the lower MR was high in summer low-flow periods and also during interims of winter and spring, and did not couple with physical variables and nutrients, likely due to a combination of in situ production and inputs from reservoirs, navigation locks and oxbow lakes in the upper MR and Missouri River. Chla concentrations in the PR was only high in summer low-flow periods and were controlled by temperature and concentrations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter 9CDOM). The high, diatom-dominated phytoplankton biomass in the lower MR was likely the result of decreasing TSS (increased damming in the watershed) and increasing nutrients (enhanced agricultural runoff) over the past few decades. Lower phytoplankton biomass (dominated by chlorophytes) in the PR was likely linked with intense shading by CDOM and lower availability of nutrient inputs. An increase in the relative importance of phytoplankton biomass in large turbid rivers, such as the MR, could have significant effects on the age and lability of riverine organic matter entering the ocean, the stoichiometric balance of nutrients delivered to coastal margins, and the sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in these dynamic regions.  相似文献   

低纬高原地区MM5v3不同参数化方案降水模拟试验   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

段旭  王曼  刘建宇  段玮 《气象》2006,32(4):16-23

为了进一步了解MM5模式在低纬高原降水预报性能，利用MM5模式中的3个物理过程组合了7个不同的参数化试验方案，对低纬高原地区2005年主汛期进行了降水数值试验。结果表明：第三重嵌套网格中的Grell积云参数化、Goddard显式水汽和Cloud（或RRTM）辐射过程组合的试验方案对降水预报效果较好，特别是对大雨和暴雨预报有明显的改善；在将试验结果插值到测站点时，不同扫描半径对插值结果有一定影响，相对而言，20～30km扫描半径插值结果较为理想。  相似文献   

全球大气位势高度场气候变率的球函数分析          下载免费PDF全文

闫巨盛王盘兴  段明铿李巧萍 叶玲萍 《应用气象学报》2006,17(2):145-151

为了研究全球大气位势高度场的气候变率, 利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 按照距平高度场平均强度指数 (I_a) 分析发现, 半球距平高度场强度呈年单周振荡, 冬大夏小, 冬季随高度单调增大, 夏季有弱高、低值中心出现, 而北、南半球的差异明显表现在季节变化上; 进一步根据半球大气位势高度距平场球函数谱低维、低阶的基本特征, 将半球环流异常分为半球均匀异常 ( H ′₀₀)、纬向均匀异常 ( H ′₀)、超长波尺度异常 ( H ′_ul) 和长波尺度异常 ( H ′_l) 4种类型, 用波数域0≤m, k≤6上的球函数系数资料求得它们的方差贡献, 给出了4类异常的方差贡献随高度、季节变化的规律以及它们的半球际差异。由此得到异常环流球函数谱结构的总体特征为:对流、平流层之间存在明显变化。从对流层进入平流层, 一般由超长波异常为主转为纬向均匀异常为主 (冬半球) 或半球均匀为主 (夏半球); 半球均匀异常在对流层中不重要, 长波尺度异常在平流层中不重要, 它们拟合异常方差一般均小于10%; 北、南半球最大差异表现在冬季平流层R′₀₀和冬、夏季对流层R′₀南半球大于北半球, 冬、夏季对流层R′_l北半球大于南半球。  相似文献