Assessment of heavy metal contamination and mineral magnetic characterization of the Asopos River sediments (Central Greece)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Botsou F  Karageorgis AP  Dassenakis E  Scoullos M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):547-563

The content and distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the intermittent and contaminated Asopos River, located in Central Greece, was assessed by means of total dissolution, dilute acid and sequential extraction procedures. Mineral magnetic properties were used as proxy parameters of transport mechanisms of land-derived material to the sea. The combination of enrichment factors estimated against local background levels and the levels of labile metals revealed that surface sediments are enriched in Cu, Cd, Ni and Cr. The low flow of the system allows particles and organic matter to accumulate in the estuarine shallow “pools” where they undertake a series of redox reactions, authigenic formation, etc. The most fine of these particles, which are metal rich, are transported to relatively long distances off the Asopos River mouth, even under low energy conditions, converting the system to a secondary source of pollution for the adjacent marine environment.  相似文献   

The effects of prolonged darkness on temperate and tropical marine phytoplankton, and their implications for ballast water risk management     

Carney KJ  Delany JE  Sawant S  Mesbahi E 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1233-1244

Phytoplankton assemblages from tropical (Goa) and temperate (UK) locations were exposed to a 28 day dark period, followed by a period of re-exposure to light. During this time phytoplankton survival and changes in nutrient concentrations were mapped. The tropical plankton water samples showed high nutrient levels after the dark period which were utilised by cells during the re-exposure period. UK experiments looked at the effect of three different water types on population recovery after the 28 day dark period, and differences due to seasonal effects.The population growth observed during the re-exposure period in the tropical population was comparable to that of the temperate population. Water type affected recovery and of the three tested media fresh seawater promoted the highest levels of growth. Seasonality had a significant influence on species survival. Understanding the effects of all these factors can aid the development of effective risk assessments in ballast water management.  相似文献   

Effects of macroalgal blooms on carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycling in photoautotrophic sediments: an experimental mesocosm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

García-Robledo E  Corzo A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7):1550-1556

The effects of floating macroalgae (250 g DW m⁻²) on photoautotrophic microbenthos were studied in a flow-through mesocosm with a parallel mesocosm without macroalgae serving as Control. Vertical microprofiles of O₂ at the sediment-water interface showed a immediate and complete suppression of photosynthetic activity of microphytobenthos (MPB) under the macroalgal canopy, resulting in a shift of benthic metabolism from autotrophic to heterotrophic. MPB abundance and chlorophyll a content decreased and a change from a diatom-dominated to cyanobacteria-dominated community was observed. Inorganic nitrogen nutrients´ concentrations increased in the porewater as a result of the inhibition of MPB nutrient demand, leading to an increase in net ammonification and anaerobic consumption rates. No organic matter transfer from macroalgae to the sediment was detected, resulting in a net consumption of the carbon and nitrogen stored in the sediment. In consequence, sediment was progressively impoverished in nitrogen, reducing sediment nutrient regeneration.  相似文献   

Early evaluation of coastal nutrient over-enrichment: new procedures and indicators     

Goberville E  Beaugrand G  Sautour B  Tréguer P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1751-1761

Recent studies have provided compelling evidence for an accelerated anthropogenic impact on coastal systems, resulting in intense inputs of materials and nutrients from the continent. This has led scientists and policymakers to encourage the implementation of monitoring programmes, which have resulted in the multiplicity of datasets. However surprisingly, only a few attempts have been made to couple observations with statistical and mathematical tools to detect, as soon as the data become available perturbations in coastal systems. Here, we propose new mathematical procedures to evaluate the state of a system, based on the building of relative reference state and indicators of nutrient over-enrichment. The techniques were tested in some French coastal systems using data from the programme SOMLIT. Applied to this dataset, the multivariate procedures rapidly identified and evaluated anthropogenic nutrient anomalies from the continent on three sites (Wimereux, Roscoff and Villefranche-sur-Mer) from 1997 onwards.  相似文献   

Heavy metal concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress in native mussels (Mytilus edulis chilensis) from Beagle Channel coast (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)     

Duarte CA  Giarratano E  Amin OA  Comoglio LI 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1895-1904

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of oxidative stress biomarkers of pollution in native mussels Mytilus edulis chilensis from the Beagle Channel. Spatial and seasonal variations of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and lipid peroxidation in gills and digestive gland were analyzed in relation to environmental parameters, heavy metals in sediment and in tissue. Four sites with anthropogenic impact and a control site were selected and monitored during the four seasons of 2007. We found significant differences among sites in concentrations of dissolved nutrients and heavy metals in sediments, with the highest values recorded at sites with anthropogenic pressure. Different patterns were observed between concentrations of metals in tissues and in sediments suggesting differences in bioavailability. There were also significant differences in biomarker responses among sites, despite the strong seasonal variability. Our results showed relatively moderate levels of pollution in the study area as a result of urban influences.  相似文献   

Endocrine disrupting compounds: can they target the immune system of fish?     

Casanova-Nakayama A  Wenger M  Burki R  Eppler E  Krasnov A  Segner H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):412-416

Endocrine disruption, in particular disruption by estrogen-active compounds, has been identified as an important ecotoxicological hazard in the aquatic environment. Research on the impact of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) on wildlife has focused on disturbances of the reproductive system. However, there is increasing evidence that EDCs affect a variety of physiological systems other than the reproductive system. Here, we discuss if EDCs may be able to affect the immune system of fish, as this would have direct implications for individual fitness and population growth. Evidence suggesting an immunomodulatory role of estrogens in fish comes from the following findings: (a) estrogen receptors are expressed in piscine immune organs, (b) immune gene expression is modulated by estrogen exposure, and (c) pathogen susceptibility of fish increases under estrogen exposure.  相似文献   

三维衰减模型在地震动和地震灾害评估中应用的实例     

M. E. Pasyanos  杨国栋译  袁道阳译  吕春来校 《世界地震译丛》2011,(6):8-15

用于表征估计地震动的衰减关系经常忽略地球高度可变的三维速度和衰减结构的细节。日益增多的可用衰减模型可用于使预期地震动更为精确。首先,我进行了一些测试以察看像地壳衰减、上地幔衰减和地壳厚度等几个参数变化的影响。然后,使用最近中东地区地壳和上地幔的衰减模型的结果提供一个具体例子。发现相同事件不同方向记录的1Hz谱加速度变化了30％～40％。因为区域整体变化性预计会更高,这种影响太显著了,在地震动估计和地震灾害评估中不能忽视。这就有可能要计算在广泛使用的一维衰减关系中没有考虑的较小尺度的一些振幅变化。  相似文献   

塔拉哈西首都圈36英尺Hobas主管道爆裂的修复     

B.  W.  LaMay  R.E.  Hutchinson  V.  H.  Herrera  王虎译  乌效鸣校 《岩土钻凿工程》2011,(2):111-116

2008年8月,继Tropical Storm Fay之后,城市圈一段36英尺主管道又发生了三处破裂。这段主管道使用的是Hobas管,位于城市圈巷道下面。巷道属于佛罗里达州的运输部（FDOT）,是塔拉哈西最繁忙的路段。管道破裂采用非开挖修复以加快施工进度,减少对巷道的干扰,并最大限度修复管道。由于Hobas管以前没有破裂过,为了减小对FDOT的干扰,先采用一个试点对管道破裂修复可行性进行了验证。结果在90分钟内完成了280英尺,平均每分钟3英尺,施工过程没有造成干扰。从试点获得的经验在剩余管道设计和维修过程中得到了应用。  相似文献   

An experimental approach to investigate mercury species transformations under redox oscillations in coastal sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bouchet S  Bridou R  Tessier E  Rodriguez-Gonzalez P  Monperrus M  Abril G  Amouroux D 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(1):1-9

This work describes a laboratory experiment designed to unravel mercury species reactivity in superficial coastal sediments oscillating between oxic and anoxic conditions. The experimental set-up has been applied to a sediment slurry from the Arcachon Bay (France) to follow the evolution of both naturally occurring (i.e. endogenous) and isotopically enriched added mercury species (i.e. exogenous, 1??IHg and 2?1MMHg) at environmental levels. The transformation and partition between the different phases (aqueous, solid and gaseous) of the endogenous and exogenous mercury species (inorganic Hg (IHg), monomethyl Hg (MMHg), elemental Hg (Hg?) and dimethyl Hg (DMHg)) have been investigated by isotopic speciation methods throughout the experiment. The results demonstrate that the experimental approach is able to promote sediment redox oscillations and to simultaneously follow the biogeochemical fate of naturally occurring or added mercury species. Experimentally driven redox transition events were found to significantly enhance the aqueous Hg species concentrations, while the MMHg burden is not greatly affected. Indeed, during the anoxic-oxic transition, while aqueous endogenous IHg and MMHg exhibited a two-fold increase, aqueous exogenous IHg and MMHg increased 7 and 4 times, respectively. Transient increases of the net IHg methylation were recorded during the redox transitions with the largest increase of the MMHg contents (factor 1.8) observed during the oxic-anoxic transition. High resolution in situ redox experiments have not been performed up to now, therefore the developed experimental set-up provides novel insights in both the influence of redox conditions on Hg methylation/demethylation and adsorption/desorption processes and kinetics in superficial sediments.  相似文献   

Colloidal complexed silver and silver nanoparticles in extrapallial fluid of Mytilus edulis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zuykov M  Pelletier E  Demers S 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(1):17-21

Metal transport in mollusk extrapallial fluid (EPF) that acts as a "bridge" between soft tissues and shell has surprisingly received little attention until now. Using ultrafiltration and radiotracer techniques we determined silver concentrations and speciation in the EPF of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis after short-term uptake and depuration laboratory experiments. Radiolabelled silver ((11?m)Ag) was used in dissolved or nanoparticulate phases (AgNPs < 40 nm), with a similar low Ag concentration (total radioactive and cold Ag ~0.7 μg/L) in a way that mussels could uptake radiotracers only from seawater. Our results indicated that silver nanoparticles were transported to the EPF of blue mussels at a level similar to the Ag ionic form. Bulk activity of radiolabelled silver in the EPF represented only up to 7% of the bulk activity measured in the whole mussels. The EPF extracted from mussels exposed to both treatments exhibited an Ag colloidal complexed form based on EPF ultrafiltration through a 3 kDa filter. This original study brings new insights to internal circulation of nanoparticles in living organisms and contributes to the international effort in studying the potential impacts of engineered nanomaterials on marine bivalves which play an essential role in coastal ecosystems, and are important contributors to human food supply from the sea.  相似文献