The indirect effects of floods and benefits of flood alleviation: evaluating the Chesil Sea Defence Scheme     

Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell  Dennis J. Parker 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1987,7(4)

The indirect or secondary economic effects of floods are under-researched owing to their spatial diffusion, measurement difficulties and their perceived lesser importance compared with direct flood damages. A case study of the Chesil Sea Defence Scheme, Dorset, shows that in specific circumstances these indirect effects can be highly significant. However, their real magnitude is profoundly affected by flood duration, the ability of organizations to transfer their economic activities away from the flood-affected area, and by the geographical boundaries of the economic analysis. The case study has clarified a number of assessment principles and thus paved the way for more systematic research.  相似文献   

Uptake and depuration of PAHs and chlorinated pesticides by semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis)     

Richardson BJ  Tse ES  De Luca-Abbott SB  Martin M  Lam PK 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):975-993

Semi-batch seawater experiments were conducted to follow the uptake and release of selected PAHs (anthracene, fluorathene, pyrene and B[a]P) and organochlorine pesticides (-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, p,p′-DDT) in semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis). Mathematical models were applied to describe the uptake and elimination curves of the contaminants for SPMDs, and kinetic parameters, such as uptake rate constants, and equilibrium triolein/water partitioning coefficients were calculated. SPMD data showed a good fit to estimate rate constant and partition coefficient equations, but only those contaminants which partitioned mainly in the dissolved phase (-HCH and dieldrin) were well explained for mussels. Poor conformity of the other contaminants indicated mussels uptake by routes other than diffusion, such as ingestion of algae. An apparent equilibrium state was only noted for -HCH in mussels. Aldrin was not detected in mussels in the first few days of exposure, indicating potential metabolism of this compound. B[a]P was not detected in the triolein of SPMDs, which suggests that the membrane may act as a reservoir. Loss of spiked B[a]P from the triolein was evident in a depuration experiment, which may indicate transfer to the membrane. Rate constants for mussels were higher than those for SPMDs, but the reverse was true for partition coefficients. Overall, mussels and SPMDs had similar uptake rates for all compounds in this study, excluding p,p′-DDT and dieldrin. Contaminant elimination took place more rapidly in mussels, implying that SPMDs are better candidates for detecting episodic discharge of organic contaminants.  相似文献   

Brachiopoda: Living and fossil brachiopodaM.J.S. Rudwick, 1970. Hutchinson University Library,London. 199 pp., 99 fig., £1.90     

Edmund D. Gill 《Earth》1971

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Neoliberal subjectivities or a politics of the possible? Reading for difference in alternative food networks     

Edmund Harris 《Area》2009,41(1):55-63

Recent research on alternative food networks has highlighted the centrality of place-embeddedness as a strategy in constructing alternatives to conventional agri-industrial food systems, and has illustrated the political nature of these strategic localisms. Recently, critical human geographers and sociologists have drawn on relational theory to criticise the localism of alternative food networks as representing a politics of place which is unreflexive or defensive. Furthermore, some readings of alternative food networks argue that they reproduce the very neoliberal subjectivities that they seek to oppose. This article argues that agri-food scholars should be aware of the ways in which their readings of alternative food networks can guide and reproduce alternative food network practice. Drawing on Gibson-Graham's technique of 'reading for difference', I argue for a reading of alternative food networks that sees difference beyond the discursive field of neoliberalism. The article explores recent debates around governmentality as the mechanism through which neoliberal subjectivities are reproduced, and draws on a preliminary discussion of the alternative food network practice of the 100 Mile Diet in order to illustrate the arguments made .  相似文献   

Multivariate Modelling of the Trace Element Chemistry of Arsenopyrite from Gold Deposits Using Higher-Dimensional Algebras     

Thiruvengadam  Sudharsan  Murphy  Matthew Edmund  Tan  Jei Shian  Watling  Roger John  Stewart  James Ian  Miller  Karol 《Mathematical Geosciences》2020,52(7):865-928

Mathematical Geosciences - In geochemistry, the elevated concentrations of certain elements in rock or mineral samples are used for the assessment of a mineralising system’s important...  相似文献   

Victim pressure, institutional inertia and climate change adaptation: The case of flood risk   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tim Harries  Edmund Penning-Rowsell   《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(1):188-197

Interviews were conducted with risk managers in a case-study area in England to determine the factors influencing the choice between more traditional, engineering based, adaptation to flood risk and those focussing on vulnerability reduction. The findings of in-depth analysis of these interviews have implications for climate change adaptation as a whole. They suggest that government policies to implement a broader range of adaptation measures might be hampered by institutional cultures formed when structural, engineered approaches were the norm. Political decentralisation and the fashion for public consultation exacerbate this effect, leaving decision-makers more responsive to the influence of those directly affected by natural hazards than they are to the needs of the wider population or to policy pronouncements by government.  相似文献   

A threatened world city: the benefits of protecting London from the sea     

Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell  Nick Haigh  Sarah Lavery  Loraine McFadden 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(3):1383-1404

This paper describes the options appraisal undertaken in the UK within the major TE2100 project to investigate the future of protecting London from flooding from the sea. An economic analysis, within a Benefit-Cost framework complemented by Multi-Criteria Analysis, shows that improving the existing flood defences and, in 2070, constructing a new Thames Barrier downstream from the existing one are the “front runner” options for tackling the increase in flood risk that is anticipated in the future. Both sensitivity and scenario analysis have little effect on option choice. Uncertainties inevitably remain, however, when looking so far ahead, but it is clear that continuing to protect this area from the sea is highly cost-beneficial. Also the very high standard of protection now, and the robustness of the existing flood defence assets, mean that major new interventions will not be needed for some time (i.e. until c. 2070). We therefore have time to monitor the situation, carefully plan measures to maintain and enhance the existing defences, and to seek to restrain the growth of risk in the Estuary and in London through carefully designed and implemented resilience-building flood plain management measures. Rather than having to rush to new engineering works, because we have not anticipated what is needed but are forced to respond hastily to a “crisis” situation, the adaptive approach that is now possible is a key legacy of the TE2100 project.  相似文献   

A general model for promoting the integration of national natural resources management     

Edmund Penning-Rowsell 《GeoJournal》1997,43(3):247-262

A model is put forward to prescribe the processes and steps whereby governments can and should integrate their natural resources policies across the many different sectors involved. The model has developed from the analysis of policies for water resources, coastal zones and soil resources in OECD countries. Such a model can never be comprehensive but the one developed does help to pinpoint some of the reasons for the adverse impacts that occur where the appropriate institutional arrangements to promote policy integration are lacking. By stressing the links – or otherwise – between national policies and management practices on the ground it also highlights both the importance of having the appropriate data available to monitor policy integration, and the narrow range of policy instruments currently being deployed to minimise inter-sectoral conflict and thus to promote sustainable resources management.  相似文献   

Cost Attribution in Unlimited Access Transit Programs: Case Study on the UConn Prepaid Fare Program Failure     

Edmund J. Zolnik 《The Professional geographer》2007,59(3):365-377

Using a case study approach, this article explores the potential to increase public transit ridership via the expansion of Unlimited Access (UA) from a university‐ or employer‐based program to a community‐based program. UA partners universities or employers with regional transit organizations to provide free or discounted public transit service to students as well as employees and, potentially, to local community residents. A case study on the only known UA program failure highlights the importance of equitable cost attribution as well as stakeholder coordination and dedicated operations funds to the long‐term success of community‐based UA programs.  相似文献   

‘Signals’ from pre-crisis discourse: Lessons from UK flooding for global environmental policy change?     

Edmund Penning-Rowsell  Clare Johnson  Sylvia Tunstall 《Global Environmental Change》2006,16(4):323-339

This paper evaluates policy accelerations after past flood crises in the UK (in 1947, 1953, 1998 and 2000) and explores their value as surrogates or metaphors for how governments might respond with policy changes to the local expressions of global climate and environmental change in the future. We find that these past policy change accelerations were, in general, not based on the development of new ideas but on bringing forward existing ideas that were already the subject of widespread professional or public discourse. We suggest, therefore, that we may be able to detect now, as ‘signals’ within current policy discourse, the embryos of the policy shifts that are likely to come about as part of any crisis-response adaptation to future climate change. If this is the case, then we believe that those with policy responsibilities now may be able to begin carefully and proactively to prepare the ground for such policy changes ahead of the crisis events that will alone trigger their acceleration and adoption.  相似文献