Apatite fission‐track analysis of Cretaceous alkaline rocks of Ponta Grossa and Alto Paranaíba Arches,Brazil     

C. J. Soares  S. Guedes  R. Jonckheere  J. C. Hadler  S. M. Passarella  A. N. C. Dias 《Geological Journal》2016,51(5):805-810

This work presents fission‐track ages and thermal history modelling of apatite samples from two Brazilian alkaline formations: Alto Paranaíba and Ponta Grossa Arches. The apatite fission‐track ages obtained for Alto Paranaíba Arch agree with those determined by other radiometric dating methods presenting higher closure temperatures. The ages given by the fission‐track thermochronometer suggest that no strong tectonic event has occurred after Alto Paranaíba Formation during Upper Cretaceous. This event is also supported by thermal history modelling of this arch, which is characterized by fast cooling followed by residence at lower temperatures. On the other hand, apatite fission‐track ages from Ponta Grossa Arch are systematically lower than other radiometric ages, suggesting that at least one tectonic event occurred after Ponta Grossa Formation, around 130 Ma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evolution in the provenance of a tectonically controlled Plio–Pleistocene alluvial system between the Variscan Iberian Massif and the Atlantic margin, Portugal     

Pedro A. Dinis  Álvaro Oliveira  Fernando Rocha  Manuel Vieira  Pedro P. Cunha 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(3):267-278

Geochemical and mineralogical data from a Pliocene to Pleistocene alluvial sequence are integrated to access the factors that control rare earth elements (REE) geochemistry and the evolution and spatial differences in provenance. The studied alluvial system is situated in a tectonic active setting at the contact between the Variscan Massif, with several Paleozoic and Precambrian units that support a coastal range, and the Atlantic margin. REE and HREE abundances are generally higher in swamp-lake than in floodplain sediments. The majority of the REE in floodplain sediments is hosted by Y and Th-bearing minerals and illite; in swamp-lake sediments is also probable an association with organic matter. The high Gd/Yb, Eu/Eu* and kaolinite content in older sediments suggest that during the earlier phases provenance was mainly from the hinterland (weathered granitic rocks and its sediment cover). The subsequent illite (Mg-rich) clay assemblages and REE patterns indicate mainly lateral input from the eastern basin edge (Palaeozoic and Precambrian metapelitic rocks). These sediments tend to have lower Gd/Yb and La/Sm than their source rocks. The analysis of the chemical index of alteration (CIA) indicates that although a north-directed fluvial axis existed at that time the “mature” basin edge units found to the south (Silurian) had a limited role in supplying sediments. This shift in provenance is attributed to the uplift of the coastal range. Afterwards, the contribution of recycled Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary units increased progressively. This is demonstrated by the increase is SiO₂/TiO₂, CIA and kaolinite/illite when the climatic conditions are expected to have become less chemically aggressive.  相似文献   

Mid to late Holocene constraints for continental shelf mud deposition in association with river input: the Guadiana Mud Patch (SW Iberia)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Francisca Rosa  J. A. Dias  I. Mendes  ��. Ferreira 《Geo-Marine Letters》2011,31(2):109-121

This study correlates Holocene sedimentation with regional environmental changes for the Guadiana middle shelf, SW Iberia, based on a detailed sedimentological analysis combined with radiocarbon and amino acid racemization dating. The sedimentary record of vibrocore CRIDA16 (307 cm) from the mud patch off the Guadiana River is characterized by a transgressive signature. Terrigenous sand–gravel dominates the core base up to ca. 5,000 cal. years b.p., enriched in schist/greywackes and non-reworked quartz. The shelf area was under the direct influence of Guadiana bed load discharges, as sea level was lower than today but rising, favouring the entrapment of fines during the Guadiana estuary infilling in the early Holocene. Core upwards, fines dominate the record. Sea-level stabilization at ca. 5,700–3,700 cal. years b.p. led to estuary infilling by coarser sediments and export of suspended sediment to the middle shelf. After ca. 900–700 cal. years b.p., the formation of the Guadiana Mud Patch signifies deposition in a marine environment dominated by suspended material from the Guadiana River. Comparison with earlier publications showed that a similar evolutionary mechanism of middle shelf mud deposition occurred in other parts of the Iberian Margin, pointing to a generalized establishment of this type of sedimentary body in Iberia since the mid to late Holocene. This suggests that the formation of mud belts on the north and south Iberian Margin was to a large extent synchronous. It is likely that the evolution of the Guadiana Mud Patch on the shelf was controlled foremost by the overall climate trends identified for several parts of Iberia during the Holocene (i.e. increased aridity punctuated by significant humidity stages), and less by human occupation of the region. Enhanced humidity stages led to higher rainfall and intensified floods, with a consequent increase of discharges to the shelf which ultimately were responsible for the Guadiana Mud Patch formation. It is expected that this pattern of sedimentary dynamics has been strongly disturbed since 2002, when the closing of the Alqueva Dam (the biggest on the Iberian Peninsula) was completed in the Guadiana River basin.  相似文献   

Seasonal patterns of tidepool macroalgal assemblages in the North of Portugal. Consistence between species and functional group approaches     

M. Rubal  P. Veiga  R. Vieira  I. Sousa-Pinto 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,66(3):187-194

Macroalgae are useful organisms to monitor the environmental quality and to detect impacts due to anthropogenic activities. However, it is very important to identify the scales of variation in natural assemblages, particularly for the detection of environmental impacts. Otherwise, changes due to anthropogenic impacts may be confused with differences due to natural temporal variability. Another important task is to determine the appropriate level of taxonomical effort needed to detect changes in the assemblage structure. Many taxonomical surrogates, at higher taxonomic levels than that of species, have been proposed but, the consistence in space and time of the results produced by surrogates with those obtained at specific level should be tested. The objectives of this study are to identify the seasonal patterns of tidepool macroalgal communities using objective procedures and to test the consistence between the patterns obtained considering data at the species level and functional groups. Results showed that the seasonal pattern obtained using functional groups and species was consistent. Tidepool macroalgal assemblages showed a seasonal pattern with significant differences between spring–summer and autumn–winter. This pattern can be explained by changes in environmental variables and the seasonal development of the dominating species. Ulva spp. and the non-indigenous species Grateloupia turuturu were the species responsible for this pattern due to their high seasonality in terms of biomass. Finally, the abundance and species diversity within the corticated functional group was proposed as indicator of environmental impacts due to its relatively constant abundance and its sensitivity to environmental impacts.  相似文献   

GEOALGAR项目:地震活动性和断层面解的初步结果     

F.Carrilho　P.Teves-Costa　I.Morais　J.Pagarete　R.Dias 《国际地震动态》2004,(10):27-36

2000年5月发起的GEOALGAR项目旨在致力于阿尔加维地区的地球动力学监测和地震区划. 本文简单介绍一下该项目的目标和有关1999-2000年地震记录分析的初步结果. 经过地震记录和速度模型参数的同步反演, 对两个选定区域的震源位置进行了重新定位. 区域1使用了25个1999-2000年间发生的ML≥2.0的地震, 区域2使用了125个. 结果表明, 主要有两个地区的地震较多 一个是蒙希克地区(在内陆), 另一个是瓜达尔基维尔浅滩(范围从36.4°N, 8°W～36.8°N, 7.2°W). 区域1, 震源校正的幅度相对较小, 震源比原先定位的深度稍微深一些; 而对于区域范围内其他更多的地震, 震源校正的幅度较大, 震源的位置变得更浅.对于近期发生的地震也做了断层面解的估计, 结果表明, 最优解受到走滑运动的控制, 这与NW-SE至NNW-SSE方向的水平挤压控制的应力一致, 有两个地震例外, 它们呈现的是逆冲机制, 最大水平挤压应力方向稍微转向N-S. 这与其他作者先前研究的结果也是一致的.重新定位后的震中位置在空间分布上显得更加有条理, 表明它与一些已知的构造特征可能相关. 然而, 断层面解的结果与新构造特征很难相关起来.  相似文献   

An Algorithm to Determine the Slope of the Spectral Absorption of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and Detritus     

Suresh Thayapurath  Albertina Balbina Dias  Erwin J. A. Desa  Arvind Sahay 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(4):625-631

A simple method to determine the slope of spectral variations of combined absorption of the colored dissolved organic matter and detritus (CDM) is presented. This method uses the slope of total absorption spectrum excluding contribution of waters in lieu of slope for the CDM. The errors in slopes using the new method decreased with increase in contributions of CDM to the total absorption. The relative errors were less than 10% when CDM contributions were above 60% and even at very low contributions of CDM of 25%, errors in the slopes were less than 40%. For estuarine and coastal waters rich in CDM, the errors in the slopes for CDM were less than 10% using this simple method. Absorption of CDM derived using the slope with the new method in a semi-analytical algorithm QAAV6 showed improved performance with RMSE of 0.07, 0.0119 and 0.0027 at 405, 555 and 665 nm respectively and with R² > 0.95 at all spectral range. The method provided values of spectral absorption due to CDM with fewer errors when validated with the satellite derived data from MODIS and SeaWiFS. This method to determine the slope of CDM could be easily implemented in any model, as it was very generic in nature, simple, did not involve any mathematical model and avoids empirical methods. Since the method is also independent of any specific bands, it can be used for most ocean color satellites. Considering the performance of this new method and applicability for most water types, it was considered as a better option to derive the slope of CDM than using a constant value or deriving the slope with empirical method.  相似文献   

Contaminated soils and sediments associated with Zn ore metallurgy near the São Francisco River,Minas Gerais (Brazil)     

Isabel Ribeiro da Costa  Rita Fonseca  Catarina Pinho  Alexandre Araújo  Luísa Catarina Martins  Nuno Dias  Ana Isabel Janeiro  Guilherme Freitas 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(5):202

Draining through industrial areas of the Minas Gerais mining state (Brazil), some tributaries of the São Francisco River constitute a potential environmental hazard for this great river and threaten the quality of the regional soils for agriculture and other activities. Extensive geochemistry and mineralogy of sediments, soils and alluvial plains from six selected areas within the Consciência drainage basin close to an important Zn-extraction plant, have been carried out. In this report, detailed mineralogy of those samples and supporting geochemical data are discussed, taking into account their specific climactic and environmental context. Petrographic and electron microprobe characterization of the sand-grained fraction of these materials was complemented by XRD on their finer fraction: the main contaminant minerals are willemite (one of the Zn ores used in the industrial plant) and jarosite, though their contents are quite variable in the studied areas and also with depth; minor amounts of Zn-, Pb-, Cd-, and Mn-bearing mineral phases are also frequent, usually as inclusions in willemite or in polycrystalline clasts, or adsorbed on the finer materials, such as clay minerals and associated Fe-hydroxides. Mineralogical contamination is responsible for high metal contents in the soils and sediments of the areas closer to the plant (e.g. Zn ? 2000 mg kg^?1 and Cd ? 20 mg kg^?1, which are the Intervention Values for Industrial Areas) and the greatest contamination risks are related to the more labile phases that circulate throughout the alluvial plains, the shallow sediments and the stream bed. Monitoring the mineral/chemical contamination and its extent also constitutes a useful basis for future proposals to remediate and recover this industrial area in order to decrease medium- and long-term negative impacts of metal contamination on the local and downstream environments.  相似文献   

Accurate seabed modeling using finite difference methods     

Gang Yao  Nuno Vieira da Silva  Henry Alexander Debens  Di Wu 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(2):469-484

Finite difference is the most widely used method for seismic wavefield modeling. However, most finite-difference implementations discretize the Earth model over a fixed grid interval. This can lead to irregular model geometries being represented by ‘staircase’ discretization, and potentially causes mispositioning of interfaces within the media. This misrepresentation is a major disadvantage to finite difference methods, especially if there exist strong and sharp contrasts in the physical properties along an interface. The discretization of undulated seabed bathymetry is a common example of such misrepresentation of the physical properties in finite-difference grids, as the seabed is often a particularly sharp interface owing to the rapid and considerable change in material properties between fluid seawater and solid rock. There are two issues typically involved with seabed modeling using finite difference methods: firstly, the travel times of reflections from the seabed are inaccurate as a consequence of its spatial mispositioning; secondly, artificial diffractions are generated by the staircase representation of dipping seabed bathymetry. In this paper, we propose a new method that provides a solution to these two issues by positioning sharp interfaces at fractional grid locations. To achieve this, the velocity model is first sampled in a model grid that allows the center of the seabed to be positioned at grid points, before being interpolated vertically onto a regular modeling grid using the windowed sinc function. This procedure allows undulated seabed bathymetry to be represented with improved accuracy during modeling. Numerical tests demonstrate that this method generates reflections with accurate travel times and effectively suppresses artificial diffractions.  相似文献   

A Multistep Methodology for Building a Stochastic Model of Gold Grades in the Disseminated and Complex Deposit of Casas Novas in Alentejo,Southern Portugal          下载免费PDF全文

Filipa Vieira Matias  Jose Antonio Almeida  Martim Chichorro 《Resource Geology》2015,65(4):361-374

This paper proposes a multistep approach for creating a 3D stochastic model of gold grades in a complex disseminated auriferous deposit located in the Alentejo region, southern Portugal. The approach involves the following steps: (i) the creation of a 3D low‐resolution vector object model of two geological domains that better discriminate gold grades; (ii) the definition of three intervals for gold grades (low, intermediate, and high values); (iii) the estimation of the probability of each grid block belonging to each interval constrained by the geological domains; (iv) the calculation of local conditional cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) of gold grades, for each block, taking into account the geological domains and the borehole data; and finally (v) the simulation of images of gold grades. The results demonstrate the usefulness and accuracy of the proposed procedure, as they are in compliance with the conceptual model, the distribution laws are conditioned by the geological domains, and the transition of grades between domains is continuous.  相似文献   

Global Ca isotope variations in c. 0.7 Ga old post‐glacial carbonate successions     

J. C. Silva‐Tamayo  T. F. Nägler  I. M. Villa  K. Kyser  L. C. Vieira  A. N. Sial  G. M. Narbonne  N. P. James 《地学学报》2010,22(3):188-194

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