排序方式： 共有60条查询结果，搜索用时 453 毫秒
31.
Oktay Erten Mehmet Siddik Kizil Erkan Topal Lachlan McAndrew 《Natural Resources Research》2013,22(3):207-227
Tropical laterite-type bauxite deposits often pose a unique challenge for resource modelling and mine planning due to the extreme lateral variability at the base of the bauxite ore unit within the regolith profile. An economically viable drilling grid is often rather sparse for traditional prediction techniques to precisely account for the lateral variability in the lower contact of a bauxite ore unit. However, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) offers an inexpensive and rapid method for delineating laterite profiles by acquiring fine-scale data from the ground. These numerous data (secondary variable) can be merged with sparsely spaced borehole data (primary variable) through various statistical and geostatistical techniques, provided that there is a linear relation between the primary and secondary variables. Four prediction techniques, including standard linear regression, simple kriging with varying local means, co-located cokriging and kriging with an external drift, were used in this study to incorporate exhaustive GPR data in predictive estimation the base of a bauxite ore unit within a lateritic bauxite deposit in Australia. Cross-validation was used to assess the performance of each technique. The most robust estimates are produced using ordinary co-located cokriging in accordance with the cross-validation analysis. Comparison of the estimates against the actual mine floor indicates that the inclusion of ancillary GPR data substantially improves the quality of the estimates representing the bauxite base surface. 相似文献
32.
Natural Resources Research - Identification of opportunities for applying real options (RO) in mining operations is a major challenge to decision-makers. In order to make optimal decisions in... 相似文献
33.
Onshore and offshore seismic and geologic-morphologic evidence from the wider region of the ?anakkale Basin indicates that this area has been widely exposed to transpressional tectonism, which already commenced in the Pliocene. During this transpressional tectonism, the Gelibolu Fault and the Anafartalar Shear Zone on the Gelibolu Peninsula, as well as the Bozcaada-Biga Shear Zone on the Biga Peninsula were activated. As a consequence, the northern part of the Gelibolu Peninsula, and a broad zone between Bozcaada Island and the Karaburun Peninsula were uplifted to form the northern and southern boundaries of the ?anakkale Basin, respectively. This remained a low-elevation intermontane basin between these two highlands. The original morphology of the ?anakkale Basin may have developed as a coastal and shelf section of the large extensional Marmara Sea Basin at the end of the Late Miocene. This tectonic phase was followed in the Pliocene by the transpressional tectonism of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, which destroyed the initial morphology and formed the present V-shaped basin. The activity of the Gelibolu Fault and the Anafartalar Shear Zone along the northern boundary of the ?anakkale Basin ended in the late Pleistocene with the initiation of the northern segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The tectonism along the northern boundary of the ?anakkale Basin thus shifted from a transpressional to a transtensional regime. Seismic data indicate that the Bozcaada-Biga Shear Zone continues to be active to the present day. 相似文献
34.
Geothermal exploration is typically limited to high-grade hydrothermal reservoirs that are usually found in the western United
States, yet large areas with subsurface temperatures above 150°C at economic drilling depths can be found east of the Rocky
Mountains. The object of this paper is to present new heat flow data and to evaluate the geothermal potential of Texas and
adjacent areas. The new data show that, west of the Ouachita Thrust Belt, the heat flow values are lower than east of the
fault zone. Basement heat flow values for the Palo Duro and Fort Worth Basins are below 50 mW/m2 while, in the frontal zone of the belt, they can exceed 60 mW/m2. Further east, along the Balcones fault system the heat flow is in general higher than 55 mW/m2. The eastern most heat flow sites are in Louisiana and they show very high heat flow (over 80 mW/m2), which is associated with the apparently highly radioactive basement of the Sabine uplift. The geothermal resource in this
area is large and diverse, and can be divided in high grade (temperature above 150°C) convective systems, conductive based
enhanced geothermal systems and geothermal/geopressured systems. One of the most attractive areas east of the cordillera extends
from eastern Texas across Louisiana and Arkansas to western Mississippi. Here temperatures reach exploitation range at depths
below 4 km, and tapping such a resource from shut in hydrocarbon fields is relatively easy. The initial costs of the development
can be greatly reduced if existing hydrocarbon infrastructure is used, and therefore using shut-in hydrocarbon fields for
geothermal purposes should not be neglected. 相似文献
35.
Recently acquired (2005) multi-beam bathymetric and high-resolution seismic reflection data from the E–W-oriented Gulf of Gökova off SW Anatolia were evaluated in order to assess the uneven seafloor morphology and its evolution in terms of present-day active regional tectonics. Stratigraphically, the three identified seismic units, i.e., the basement, deltaic sediments deposited during Quaternary glacial periods, and modern gulf deposits, are consistent with those observed in previous studies. Structurally, the folds and faults with strike-slip and reverse components have been regionally mapped for the first time. Of these, NE–SW-oriented left-lateral strike-slip faults with compressional components forming the so-called Gökova Fault Zone intersect and displace two WNW–ESE-oriented submarine ridges and deep submarine plains. Thus, strike-slip faults are the youngest major structures in the gulf, and control present-day active tectonism. E–W-oriented folds on the inner and outer shelf, which are generally accompanied by reverse faults, delimit the margins of these submarine ridges, and deform the young basin deposits. These features also reveal the concomitant existence of a compressional tectonic regime. The compressional structures probably represent pressure ridges along left-lateral strike-slip fault segments. However, some E–W-oriented normal faults occur on the northwestern and partly also southern shelf, and along the borders of the adjacent deep submarine plains. They are intersected and displaced by the strike-slip faults. The lower seismicity along the normal faults relative to the NE–SW-oriented strike-slip faults suggests that the former are at present inactive or at least less active. 相似文献
36.
Y. Erkan 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1971,3(2):113-120
ZusammenfassungZum Einfluß einiger Gefügeparameter auf die Würfeldruckfestigkeit der Granite Die Möglichkeit, die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Festkörpers durch einige Gefügeparameter zu erfassen, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit erörtert.Anhand der Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeitswerte der Granitproben und der Oberflächen-und Volumendichte zwischen deren Mineralen wird gezeigt, daß die Druckfestigkeit des Gesteins mit steigender Oberflächendichte der Minerale zunimmt und daß die Volumendichte der einzelnen Minerale für die Druckfestigkeit keine Bedeutung hat.Die Ergebnisse können ferner die Bedeutung einiger metrischer und stereologischer Methoden für quantitative Erfassung von physikalischen Eigenschaften, von Gesteinsgefügen und vom modalen Mineralbestand zeigen.
Für wertvolle Anregungen, Hinweise und Korrekturen bin ich Herrn Prof. Dr. G. C. Amstutz und Herrn Dr. H. Giger sehr dankbar.
Mit 5 Abbildungen 相似文献
SummaryInfluence of Some Structural Parameters on the Compressive Strength of Granite The present paper discusses and illustrates the possibility of characterizing strength properties of rock by structural parameters.Tests including the determination of the compressive strength of granites and the surface and volume densities of their minerals indicated that the compressive strength increases with increasing surface density of the minerals, whereas no significant influence of the volume density of the individual minerals was found.
RésuméL'influence de quelques paramètres structuraux sur la résistance à la compression de granite Dans cet article l'auteur montre les relations entre les propriétés physiques des corps solides et certains paramètres de texture.Par l'étude de la resistance à la compression des granites et de la densité superficielle et volumétrique des minéraux on montre que la résistance à la compression des roches croît avec l'augmentation de la densité superficielle des minéraux, alors que la densité volumétrique des minéraux individuels, à cet égard, n'est pas significative.Par conséquent ces résultats démontrent l'importance que peuvent avoir les méthodes métriques et stéréologiques pour décrire d'une manière quantitative les propriétés physiques, les propriétés de textures et d'analyse modale des roches.
Für wertvolle Anregungen, Hinweise und Korrekturen bin ich Herrn Prof. Dr. G. C. Amstutz und Herrn Dr. H. Giger sehr dankbar.
Mit 5 Abbildungen 相似文献
37.
Ramzi?TouchanEmail author Gary?Funkhouser Malcolm?K.?Hughes Nesat?Erkan 《Climatic change》2005,72(3):339-353
May–July Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the land area of most of Turkey and some adjoining regions are reconstructed
from tree rings for the period 1251–1998. The reconstruction was developed from principal components analysis (PCA) of four
Juniperus excelsa chronologies from southwestern and south-central Turkey and is based on reliable and replicable statistical relationships
between climate and tree ring growth. The SPI reconstruction shows climate variability on both interannual and interdecadal
time scales. The longest period of consecutive drought years in the reconstruction (SPI threshold ≤−1) is 2 yr. These occur
in 1607–1608, 1675–1676, and 1907–1908. There are five wet events (SPI threshold ≥+1) of two consecutive years each (1330–1331,
1428–1429, 1503–1504, 1629–1630, and 1913–1914). A 5-yr moving average of the reconstructed SPI shows that two sustained drought
periods occurred from the mid to late 1300s and the early to mid 1900s. Both episodes are characterized by low variability. 相似文献
38.
Erkan Gökaşan Oya Algan Hüseyin Tur Engin Meriç Ahmet Türker Mehmet Şimşek 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(6):370-377
A detailed stratigraphic investigation based on high-resolution seismic profiles revealed that the delta at the southern entrance
of the Istanbul Strait consists of three parasequence sets. The lowermost parasequence shows a sea-level stillstand at the
beginning of the lowstand systems tract, possibly at 11,000±1,100 a b.p., whereas the upper two parasequences reflect deposition
at lowstand and during the subsequent transgression. A maximum flooding surface may be developing on the delta at present.
The delta is located on the eastern side of the Istanbul Strait canyon, with east–west prograding parasequences. The development
of the delta is clearly associated with the Kurbağalı Stream on the east coast, and not with the Black Sea outflow through
the strait. The geometry of the delta indicates a radial architecture arranged from northeast to southwest. 相似文献
39.
Erkan Gökaşan Hüseyin Tur Berkan Ecevitoğlu Tolga Görüm Ahmet Türker Buğser Tok Faruk Çağlak Halim Birkan Mehmet Şimşek 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(5):324-342
The Strait of İstanbul (SoI) (Bosphorus) is a narrow valley, which has evolved tectonically from a stream, and in which thick
sediment deposits have accumulated in the course of its evolution. Detailed seismic and multi-beam bathymetric data have revealed
that the upper parts of the deeper channel deposits consist of parallel strata, which have mostly been eroded subsequently
to their deposition. The resulting erosion surface is represented by the present channel floor in the strait, the estimated
volume of the eroded material being approximately 2×108 m3 . Erosion rate and seafloor morphology indicate that the flow direction was from the south to the north. This inner channel
may have been formed by an abrupt flooding of the Black Sea by Mediterranean waters at the beginning of the latest connection
between the Marmara and the Black seas. Subsequently, the Mediterranean bottom current of the modern two-way flow system,
which was established at about 5–4 ka b.p., has given the latest shape to the strait floor. 相似文献
40.
Cash flows generated from mining projects are typically highly volatile and significantly influenced by a number of exogenous factors including commodity price as one of the most influential uncertainties. In addition, mining projects are complex and many of their executed investment decisions are irreversible. Therefore, management needs to address this potential risk exposure before making an investment decision. Due to the deterioration and fluctuation of mineral commodity prices for a successful mining project acquisition or development, an important and appropriate investment strategy should include a hedging strategy for reducing potential losses suffered by a company. The discounted cash flow methods, which are commonly used to calculate mining project values, often fail to respond to this identified economic uncertainty and also to incorporate de-risking hedging strategies. Therefore, this study approximates the numerical value or value ranges of a mining project considering the combination of a mean reverting commodity price and hedging strategies using continuous time modeling. A novel time-dependent partial differential equation has been proposed using a continuous time, mean reverting model, and hedging strategy to approximate the mining project value. Application of a new real options valuation technique demonstrated its superiority by providing the advantage of mitigating financial losses and procuring financial gains. In this study, some key results are deferral option and expansion option enhanced the maximum values of the project which are, respectively, 2.51 % and 4.4 % compared to the base case. Furthermore, the country risk has a great impact on project values, as when we considered the country risk premium is zero in our model, the project value increases up to 0.97 %. 相似文献