The geology,mineralogy and geochemistry of the broomstock gold deposit,Kwekwe Greenstone Belt,Zimbabwe; Some implications for gold mineralization in jaspilite iron formations     

Dr. T. H. C. Nutte  Dr. T. Oberthür  Dr. R. Saager  Dr. H. -P. Tomschi 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,39(2):145-162

Summary At Broomstock Mine, three types of gold mineralization have been identified: (i) jaspilite-hosted ore, (ii) ore confined to shear zones within meta-basalts, and (iii) supergene ore. The present study, which is focused on the jaspilite-hosted ore, revealed that areas carrying economic gold grades are characterized by fracturing, brecciation and abundant arsenopyrite-pyrite mineralization. The mineralization was introduced by hydrothermal fluids which used dilatant fractures in the jaspilites as channelways. Deposition of gold and sulfides occurred in response to changing P-T conditions and through chemical reactions of the fluids with the iron-rich jaspilites. Gold and accompanying elements may either originate from processes of intraformational remobilization, or they were derived from external, distant sources.

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Geologie, Mineralogie und Geochemie der Goldlagerstätte Broomstock im Kwekwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: Bedeutung für Goldvererzung in jaspitischen Eisenformationen

Zusammenfassung In der Broomstock Mine treten drei Typen von Goldmineralisationen auf: (i) Vererzungen in Jaspiliten, (ii) Vererzungen in Scherzonen, die Metabasalte durchsetzen, und (iii) supergene Vererzungen.Die vorliegende Untersuchung befaßt sich vornehmlich mit den Vererzungen der Jaspilite. Kartierungen und Beprobungen zeigten, daß ökonomische Goldgehalte an Be-reiche der Jaspilite gebunden sind, die tektonisch zerbrochen und brekziiert sind. Zudem treten in diesen Bereichen Arsenkies und Pyrit in hohen Konzentrationen auf. Die Mineralisation stellt den Absatz hydrothermaler Lösungen dar, die dilatante Bruchzonen innerhalb der Jaspilite als Zufuhrkanäle benutzten. Der Absatz der Sulfide und des Goldes erfolgte aufgrund sich ändernder P-T-Bedingungen und durch chemische Reaktionen zwischen den Lösungen und den eisenreichen Jaspiliten. Als Modell zur Herkunft des Goldes und der begleitenden Elemente wird entweder eine intraformationale Umlagerung, oder eine Zufuhr aus externen, entfernteren Quellen angenommen.

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The garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg geothermometer — a reinterpretation of existing experimental data   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Erling J. Krogh 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,99(1):44-48

Experimental data on the partitioning of Fe²⁺ and Mg between garnet and clinopyroxene (Råheim and Green 1974; Mori and Green 1978; Ellis and Green 1979) have been used to construct a new expression for the garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometer, including a curvilinear relationship between In Kd and X _Ca(ga): T(°C)=((-6173(X_Ca)²+6731 X _Ca+1879 +10 P(kb))/(lnKd+1.393))–273Application of this geothermometer to a suite of samples of eclogites and associated omphacite-garnet-bearing gneisses from the uppermost allochthon within the North Norwegian Caledonides shows that the calculated temperatures do not vary with rather great variations in the mg number of the garnet (0.17–0.54) and Na content of the clinopyroxene (0.11–0.44). Temperatures below 900° C calculated using the present equation are somewhat lower than those obtained by the method of Powell (1985), the difference being larger for lower temperatures and lower values of X _Ca.  相似文献   

Seismic hazard computations for regions with low earthquake activity — A case study for the Belgium,The Netherlands and NW Germany area     

Theo de Crook  Vladimír Schenk  M. S. Barbano  F. Colombo  J. J. Egozcue  M. García-Fernández  P. Kottnauer  G. Leydecker  F. Mantlík  Z. Schenková  G. Zonno 《Natural Hazards》1989,2(3-4):229-236

The algorithms to evaluate seismic hazard, used and/or developed by five teams participating in the TERESA project, applied to the low seismicity area Belgium, The Netherlands and NW Germany are compared. The main differences in the results can be explained by the majority criterion of Egozcue et al. (1989), the differences in the upper bound and zonification and, in some cases, by a higher attenuation.  相似文献   

Alkaline lamprophyre and related dyke rocks in NE Transdanubia,Hungary: The Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2) borehole     

Dr. Cs. Szabó  Prof. I. Kubovics  Dr. Zs. Molnár 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,47(2-4):127-148

Summary The Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2) core contains 12 magmatic dykes which belong to the Late Cretaceous lamprophyric-carbonatitic association of NE Transdanubia, Hungary. Petrographically, 11 dykes can be considered alkaline lamprophyre (mainly monchiquite), and the remainder might be called carbonatite. The lamprophyre dykes are similar to both alkaline lamprophyres and ultramafic lamprophyres in major element composition, whereas the carbonatite dyke has some features that are similar to carbonatites but others that are dissimilar. Nevertheless, both of the two types of AD-2 dykes possess higher LILE content than the ultramafc lamprophyres and kimberlites, but strongly differ from average carbonatite. Based on the REE pattern, crystal fractionation (mainly of olivine) and separation of a carbonate phase from the parental lamprophyric magma are proposed for genesis of the carbonatite dyke. These characteristics and the compositional zoning of clinopyroxene and mica suggest a complex crystallization history for these dykes. The likeliest origin for the parental lamprophyric melt is through a very small degree of partial melting of metasomatized mantle.

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Alkalische Lamprophyre und assoziierte Ganggesteine in Nordost-Transdanubien, Ungarn: die Bohrung Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2)

Zusammenfassung Der Kern der Bohrung Alcsutdoboz-2 (AD-2) enthält zwölf magmatische Gänge, die zu der jung-kretazischen Lamprophyr-Karbonatit-Assoziation des nordöstlichen Transdanubiens in Ungarn gehören. Petrographisch gesehen gehören elf Gänge zu den alkalischen Lamprophyren (hauptsächlich Monchiquit), und der Rest kann als Karbonatit bezeichnet werden. Die Lamprophyrgänge sind in ihrer Hauptelementzusammensetzung sowohl alkalischen Lamprophyren wie ultramafschen Lamprophyren ähnlich. Der Karbonatitgang hingegen zeigt Parameter, die denen von Karbonatiten teilweise, aber nicht durchwegs, ähnlich sind. Beide Typen der AD-2-Gänge zeigen höhere LILE-Gehalte als ultramafische Lamprophre und Kimberlite, unterscheiden sich aber deutlich vom durchschnittlichen Karbonatit. Auf der Basis der Seltenen ErdVerteilung, werden Kristallfraktionierung (hauptsächlich von Olivin) und Abtrennung einer Karbonatphase von lamprophyrischen Magma als Vorgänge gesehen, die für die Entstehung der Karbonatit-Gänge relevant sind. Diese Aspekte und die Zonierung der Zusammensetzungen von Klinopyroxen und Glimmer weisen auf eine komplexe Kristallisationsgeschichte dieser Gänge hin. Sehr wahrscheinlich ist die lamprophyrische Ausgangsschmelze durch eine geringfügige teilweise Aufschmelzung von metasomatisiertem Mantel entstanden.

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Modelling magnetization processes in single-and multi-domain rock samples using the preisach diagram     

Pavel Hejda  Vladimír Kropáček  Tomáš Zelinka 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1990,34(3):220-229

Summary The paper presents the results of identifying a model of the Preisach type for haematite grains of the single-domain as well as multi-domain size. Due to the phenomenological conception of the model, the relations between the parameters of the model and actual parameters are very complex, however, impressive accuracy and stability of the modified model indicate the need to resume studies of this problem. The model parameters also confirm the adequate properties of the vibrating-sample magnetometr (VSM) used and developed in our laboratories.  相似文献   

The ionosphere as an Alfven resonator in the Pc1 micropulsation range     

Karel Prikner  Vladimír Vagner 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1990,34(4):342-361

Summary A local planar approximation of a stratified, inhomogeneous, anisotropic and dissipative ionosphere is presented as an Alfven quarter-wave plate resonator in the Pc1 micropulsation range. The frequency-amplitude structure of the resonance response of an isotropic Alfven wave on the Earth's surface and at a given altitude in the ionosphere is studied in comparison to standing waves in vacuum above an ideal conductor for a particular model of the ionosphere. An asymmetry in the response was found at both boundary of the resonator, at the Earth's surface and at the given altitude z₀. The results are related to the vertical changes of frequency dispersion in the dissipative medium of the ionosphere and to the vertical profile of the inhomogeneities of the resonator being considered.  相似文献   

Modeling basin-scale hydrology in support of physical climate and global biogeochemical studies: An example using the Zambezi River     

Charles J. Vörösmarty  Berrien Moore III 《Surveys in Geophysics》1991,12(1-3):271-311

Human activity is an important agent defining the contemporary hydrologic cycle. We have documented the potential impacts of impoundment, land use change and climate change on the Zambezi River system in southern Africa and found that they can be substantial. A full analysis requires construction and parameterization of a simulation for the entire catchment. This paper develops a strategy for implementing catchment-scale models of the major hydrologic processes operating within the basin. A coherent data set for calibrating the models has also been assembled. The algorithms consist of a Water Balance (WBM) and a Water Transport (WTM) operating at 1/2^o spatial scale and at monthly timesteps. These models transform complex patterns of regional climatology into estimates of soil water, evapotranspiration, runoff, and discharge through rivers of various size. The models are dependent on the characteristics of the terrestrial surface, principally soil texture and land cover. A simulated river network is also required. Additional tabular data sets are essential for model testing and calibration. These include subcatchment areas; observed river discharge at selected points; flooding, storage and loss characteristics of major wetlands; floodwave translation; and, volume, surface area, withdrawal and evaporative losses from impoundments. An important design consideration for the numerous impoundments in the Zambezi requires an understanding of the seasonal variation in discharge, in particular how it might respond to climate and land use change. The research strategy offered here lays a framework for addressing such issues. Although the primary focus of this work is hydrologic, we discuss how the model can be extended to consider constituent transport and biogeochemical cycling issues at the continental scale.  相似文献   

Optimization of determining the additional constant of an electronic distance meter     

Štefan Priam  Ján Pecár  Reviewer J. Kostelecký 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1985,29(2):127-138

Summary The optimization of the method of determining the addition constant of an EDM is discussed. The advantages of the optimization procedure from the point of view of efficiency and improvement of accuracy are reported.

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Radioactive and trace element distribution in basaltic rocks of Lower Silesia     

Vladimír Kropáček  Věra Vaňková  Reviewer J. Fiala 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1985,29(3):290-299

Summary The distribution of radioactive(Th, U, K) and selected trace(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) elements in volcanic rocks from the Opole and Jawor regions of the Lower Silesia has been studied. The behaviour of these elements in the studied rocks indicates that the Lower Silesian volcanic rocks are characterized by less differentiated type than other volcanic rocks of the Bohemian Massif, the Opole rock types probably having a less differentiated character than the Jawor rock types.

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Heat flow and ground water movement in the Bohemian cretaceous basin (Czechoslovakia)     

Vladimír ermak  Jn Jetel 《Journal of Geodynamics》1985,4(1-4)

Sub-surface temperature fields may be considerably affected by active ground water systems, thereby seriously hampering the interpretation of heat flow data. Quantitative evaluation of the convective component of heat transfer is thus very important in cases such as large sedimentary basins with vast underground water circulation. We propose in this study a simple model of horizontal aquifer. This model was used to examine the effect of the lateral convection on the surface heat flow near the recharge zone of basinal margins. The perturbation of the heat flow field above the aquifer was calculated for various aquifer geometry and various flow velocities and the regional scale dependence of the perturbation on the hydraulic properties of the aquifer was demonstrated. The model was applied to the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and it was shown that within a few kilometres from the recharge zones the observed surface heat flow may be underestimated by up to several tens of percent. The procedure was tested in two locations in this area, in an attempt to make hydrogeological corrections to the measured heat flow values in several boreholes.  相似文献