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301.
We describe results of an experiment in which the Hamburg Large-Scale Geostrophic Ocean General Circulation Model was driven by a spatially correlated white-noise freshwater flux superimposed on the climatological fluxes. In addition to the red-noise character of the oceanic response, the model exhibits pronounced variability in a frequency band around 320 years. The centers of action of this oscillation are the Southern Ocean and the Atlantic.This paper was presented at the International Conference on Modelling of Global Climate Change and Variability, held in Hamburg 11–15 September 1989 under the auspices of the Meteorological Institute of the University of Hamburg and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. Guest Editor for these papers is Dr. L. Dümenil. 相似文献
302.
Ernst Cloos 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1931,22(6):372-384
303.
Th. Ernst 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1936,27(1):73-74
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
304.
Ernst Nowack 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1929,20(2):96-107
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Ernst Antevs 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1952,40(1):94-108
The Great Basin in the western United States consists of almost level desert basins and alternating parallel mountain ranges. It has sparse, mostly interior, drainage and a few permanent lakes. The climate is arid and semiarid. Fairly large areas are true deserts. The main Cenozoic climatic changes have been: 1. a general cooling during the Tertiary and the early Pleistocene, 2. a progressive drying from the early Miocene into the Pleistocene as a consequence of rise of the Sierra Nevada and the Cascades, and 3. Pleistocene fluctuations between cold-moist and warm-dry ages.The Ice Age left known records of three or four major glaciations, the last of which had two maxima. The glaciations were relatively extensive on the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada and just east of the Great Basin, and glaciers existed on several ranges in northeastern Nevada. Each glacial was accompanied by a pluvial, which culminated just after the glacial maximum. The pluvial lakes were largest on Lat. 40°. The histories of the huge lakes Bonneville and Lahontan are incompletely known. During the Mankato-Tioga-Provo'glacio-pluvial maximum the temperature in the Great Basin seems to have been only 2.5–3 C° lower, and the precipitation on the surface of Lake Lahontan (Dendritic Lake) twice as large as now.The Neothermal (Postglacial, Postpluvial), the equivalent of the interglacials, is with long-distance correlation in view subdivided on the basis of the major temperature changes into the Ana-,.Alti-, and Medithermal ages. However, in the dry country of the Great Basin the changes in moisture are more apparent and important. The Altithermal was distinctly drier than the present, and nearly all the basins went dry. About 2000 B.C. several basins began again to contain lakes which remained permanent through some acute brief droughts. These recentmodern lakes attained very moderate maxima some time before Christ, while the glaciers in the adjacent mountains probably reached their greatest extent since the Anathermal during the last centuries. 相似文献
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309.
Heat flow and quantity of methane deduced from a gas hydrate field in the vicinity of the Dnieper Canyon,northwestern Black Sea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Thomas?LüdmannEmail author How?Kin?Wong Philipp?Konerding Matthias?Zillmer J?rg?Petersen Ernst?Flüh 《Geo-Marine Letters》2004,24(3):182-193
Seismic reflection data document for the first time the existence of a BSR in a limited area west of the Dnieper Canyon in the northwestern Black Sea. Seismic wide-angle data suggest that gas hydrates occupy in average 15±2% of the pore space in a zone of 100 m in thickness. A conservative quantification of the amount of methane associated with this gas hydrate occurrence is about 12±3×1011 m3 (0.6±0.2 Gt of methane carbon). Conductive heat flow deduced from the BSR depth is in the range of 21±6 to 55±15 mW m–2. 相似文献
310.