Groundwater chemistry of Al under Dutch sandy soils: Effects of land use and depth     

Ellen P.M.J. Fest  Erwin J.M. Temminghoff  Jasper Griffioen  Bas Van Der Grift  Willem H. Van Riemsdijk 《Applied Geochemistry》2007

Aluminium has received great attention in the second half of the 20th century, mainly in the context of the acid rain problem mostly in forest soils. In this research the effect of land use and depth of the groundwater on Al, pH and DOC concentration in groundwater under Dutch sandy soils has been studied. Both pH and DOC concentration play a major role in the speciation of Al in solution. Furthermore, the equilibrium with mineral phases like gibbsite, amorphous Al(OH)₃ and imogolite, has been considered. Agricultural and natural land use were expected to have different effects on the pH and DOC concentration, which in turn could influence the total Al concentration and the speciation of Al in groundwater at different depths (phreatic, shallow and deep). An extensive dataset (n = 2181) from the national and some provincial monitoring networks on soil and groundwater quality was used. Land use type and groundwater depth did influence the pH, and Al and DOC concentrations in groundwater samples. The Al concentration ranged from <0.4 μmol L⁻¹ at pH > 7 to 1941 μmol L⁻¹ at pH < 4; highest Al concentrations were found for natural-phreatic groundwater. The DOC concentration decreased and the median pH increased with depth of the groundwater. Natural-phreatic groundwater showed lower pH than the agricultural-phreatic groundwater. Highest DOC concentrations were found for the agricultural-phreatic groundwater, induced by the application of organic fertilizers. Besides inorganic complexation, the NICA-Donnan model was used to calculate Al³⁺ concentrations for complexation with DOC. Below pH 4.5 groundwater samples were mainly in disequilibrium with a mineral phase. This disequilibrium is considered to be the result of kinetic constraints or equilibrium with organic matter. Log K values were derived by linear regression and were close to theoretical values for Al(OH)₃ minerals (e.g. gibbsite or amorphous Al(OH)₃), except for natural-phreatic groundwater for which lower log K values were found. Complexation of Al with DOC is shown to be an important factor for the Al concentrations, especially at high DOC concentrations as was found for agricultural-phreatic groundwater.  相似文献   

Alluvial fans (an attempt at an empirical approach): A.H. Rachocki. Wiley,Chichester, 1981, 172 pp., US $35.00/£14.00     

E. Nickel 《Sedimentary Geology》1982,33(2):155-156

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Distant Seismic Waves from a High-Altitude Source     

George H. Nickel  William A. Whitaker 《Geophysical Journal International》1971,26(1-4):369-378

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Toward a definition of a mineral sample in geology     

Erwin L. Zodrow  P. G. Sutterlin 《Mathematical Geology》1971,3(3):313-316

Summary Any rock may be regarded as an aggregate of mineral species frequency distributions, thus opening up a new method of analyzing the problems of the nature of these discrete distributions.Based on theorems in mathematical probability, a subrock sample is defined as a probability sample under the conditions that every mineral species' distribution function in this subrock converges probabilistically to one and the same distributions the nature of which is immaterial at this point.For obvious reasons, the situation is excluded if the sample size approaches infinity, i.e., Chebyshev's theorem (Chebyshev, 1867).  相似文献   

Multi-unit building address geocoding: An approach without indoor location reference data     

Bas Nottrot  Erwin Folmer  Debraj Roy  Bob Scheer  Peter Merx 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(1):57-83

Accurately mapped locations within multi-unit properties are useful for several organizations in today's society. Published work on geocoding methods either require detailed location reference data or does not apply to multi-unit buildings. In this research, a generalizable method is realized to map apartment addresses to their explicit locations without access to indoor location reference data based on publicly available address- and geospatial-building information. The performance of this approach is measured by conducting a comparative study between a linear interpolation baseline and gradient-boosted decision trees model. The proposed method can successfully geocode addresses across different building shapes and sizes. Furthermore, the model significantly outperforms the baseline in terms of positional accuracy proving the feasibility of approximating apartment locations by their address- and geospatial-building information.  相似文献   

Sulfur-rich monazite with high common Pb in ore-bearing schists from the Schellgaden mining district (Tauern Window, Eastern Alps)     

Erwin Krenn  Hubert Putz  Fritz Finger  Werner H. Paar 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,102(1-4):51-62

The compositional variation of accessory monazite in ore bearing micaschists from the Schellgaden mining district, Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, was studied by means of the electron microprobe. In ore-rich domains monazite yields unusually high sulfur contents (up to 2.5?wt.% SO₃), which enter the monazite structure together with Ca and Sr as ??anhydrite-celestine?? component replacing P and REEs. The exchange reaction is S⁶⁺+ (Ca, Sr)²⁺ = REE³⁺+ P⁵⁺. Sulfur-rich monazite is intergrown with anglesite, pyromorphite or galena and shows oscillatory zoning indicating growth from S-bearing fluids. This type of S-enriched monazite yields very high common lead contents (up to 0.5?wt.% PbO) and unrealistic high apparent Th-U-total Pb single dates (> 1?Ga). However, S-enriched monazite grains provide a flat trendline in the Th* vs. Pb isochron diagram similar to the trendline defined through low-S, and low-Pb monazite crystals (0.1?C1?wt.% SO₃, < 0.05?wt.% PbO), which were observed in ore-poor parts of micaschists. Results from this study imply an Alpine rather than a pre-Alpine formation age for monazite and a strong S-rich fluid activity during the Alpine orogeny. Apart from this geological aspect, the current study also shows that the detection of sulfur in monazite may serve as a warning for a possible presence of common Pb.  相似文献   

Petrographic, geochemical and geochronological investigation on granitic pebbles from Permotriassic metasediments of the Tisia terrain (eastern Papuk, Croatia)     

Vanja Bi?evac  Erwin Krenn  Dra?en Balen  Fritz Finger  Kadosa Balogh 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,102(1-4):163-180

Granitic pebbles occurring in the Permotriassic metasedimentary sequence of eastern Papuk, Slavonian Mountains, Croatia, were recognized to represent a coherent group of felsic, muscovite-albite metagranites. Fabrics, modal compositions and geochemical data imply that the rocks are derivatives of S-type granites formed through a combination of igneous and subsequent metasomatic processes. A Variscan formation age is demonstrated by K-Ar dating on coarse muscovite (range of 329?C317?Ma) as well as by electron microprobe based Th-U-Pb monazite dating (338?±?15?Ma). Additionally to the Variscan metasomatic processes of albitization and greisenisation, which led to an almost complete replacement of K-feldspar and biotite by albite and coarse muscovite, pebbles were affected by a younger phase of alteration resulting in the formation of a fine-grained sericitic matrix. The fine sericite yields K-Ar ages of 91?C83?Ma. A substantial reheating of the rocks during the Cretaceous is also indicated by the growth of new monazite dated at 106?±?10?Ma. Yttrium-contents of the Cretaceous monazite from the granite pebbles (0.3?C0.9?wt% Y₂O₃) are compatible with metamorphic temperatures of ~350?C400°C. These data confirm recent concepts according to which large parts of the Slavonian Mountains received a pervasive Cretaceous low-T regional metamorphic overprint. Furthermore, the pebbles provide useful information on the nature of the eroded Variscan crust of the Tisia Terrain, which has obviously contained considerable amounts of evolved high-level S-type granites modified through albitization and greisenization.  相似文献   

新疆喀拉通克铜镍硫化物矿床铂族矿物特征、成因及其形成过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王建中  钱壮志  高萍  孙涛  刘民武  王勇  王斌 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,(Z1):114-125

通过矿相学和电子探针研究发现,新疆喀拉通克矿床铂族矿物以Pt、Pd、Ni的碲化物、铋化物固溶体系列矿物为主,矿物分布不均匀,主要分布在块状矿石的磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、黄铜矿等硫化物中,粒径多为3～5μm。矿物组合和相图分析显示,多数铂族矿物为岩浆熔离成因,个别矿物颗粒可能为热液叠加成矿的产物。岩浆中S不饱和时,PGE可能形成铂铑合金,局部氧逸度升高导致铬铁矿、磁铁矿等氧化物结晶,合金被早期结晶的硅酸盐矿物和氧化物包裹。硫化物熔离大量的PGE进入硫化物熔体,伴随硫化物熔体的分异,部分铂族矿物被包裹在单硫化物固溶体中;高温条件下结晶的Pd(+Pt,Ni)-Bi-Te固溶体系列矿物不稳定,随着温度的降低,Pd(+Pt,Ni)-Bi-Te固溶体出溶形成上述铂族矿物组合,MSS裂解铂族矿物被排出,岩浆热液可能形成少量具热液成因特征的铂族矿物。  相似文献   

Circumstellar Dust Condensation Scenarios     

Erwin Sedlmayr 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,251(1-2):103-114

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Uranium distribution in the lacustrine calcareous clastic-evaporite sequence in the western Qaidam Basin,and implications for U behavior in concentration of closed water     

YANG Yibo  FANG Xiaomin  LI Minghui  APPEL Erwin  ZHANG Weilin  LIU Xiaoming 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):168-169

正Uranium(U)provides especially useful information for reconstructing paleoredox conditions due to its unique geochemical properties and behavior in supergene environments.The proxy potential under suboxic-oxic  相似文献