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21.
Natural Hazards - The Marsili volcano is the largest known seamount in Europe, located in the Marsili Basin (Aeolian Arc, Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). The Marsili seamount shows a high probability to... 相似文献
22.
Survey and monitoring of landslide displacements by means of L-band satellite SAR interferometry 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Tazio Strozzi Paolo Farina Alessandro Corsini Christian Ambrosi Manfred Thüring Johannes Zilger Andreas Wiesmann Urs Wegmüller Charles Werner 《Landslides》2005,2(3):193-201
This paper illustrates the capabilities of L-band satellite SAR interferometry for the investigation of landslide displacements.
SAR data acquired by the L-band JERS satellite over the Italian and Swiss Alps have been analyzed together with C-band ERS-1/2
SAR data and in situ information. The use of L-band SAR data with a wavelength larger than the usual C-band, generally considered
for ground motion measurements, reduces some of the limitations of differential SAR interferometry, in particular, signal
decorrelation induced by vegetation cover and rapid displacements. The sites of the Alta Val Badia region in South Tyrol (Italy),
Ruinon in Lombardia (Italy), Saas Grund in Valais (Switzerland) and Campo Vallemaggia in Ticino (Switzerland), representing
a comprehensive set of different mass wasting phenomena in various environments, are considered. The landslides in the Alta
Val Badia region are good examples for presenting the improved performance of L-band in comparison to C-band for vegetated
areas, in particular concerning open forest. The landslides of Ruinon, Saas Grund, and Campo Vallemaggia demonstrate the strength
of L-band in observing moderately fast displacements in comparison to C-band. This work, performed with historical SAR data
from a satellite which operated until 1998, demonstrates the capabilities of future planned L-band SAR missions, like ALOS
and TerraSAR-L, for landslide studies. 相似文献
23.
Current palaeoclimatic reconstructions for the R＆#237;o de la Plata region during the latest Pleistocene （30,000 e10,000 yr BP） propose dry conditions, with rainfall at the Last Glacial Maximum amounting to one-third of today＇s precipitation. Despite the consequential low primary productivity inferred, an impressive megafauna existed in the area at that time. Here we explore the influence of the flooding from a huge extinct system of water bodies in the Andean Altiplano as a likely source for wet regimes that might have increased the primary productivity and, hence, the vast number of megaherbivores. The system was reconstructed using specifically combined software resources, including Insola, Global Mapper v13, Surfer and Matlab. Changes in water volume and area covered were related to climatic change, assessed through a model of astronomical forcing that describes the changes in insolation at the top of the at-mosphere in the last 50,000 yr BP. The model was validated by comparing its results with several proxies （CH4, CO2, D, 18O） from dated cores taken from the ice covering Antarctic lakes Vostok and EPICA Dome C. It is concluded that the Altiplano Lake system drained towards the southeast in the rainy seasons and that it must have been a major source of water for the Paran＆#225;-Plata Basin, consequently enhancing primary productivity within it. 相似文献
24.
In a three layer compressible plasma we study MHD leaky waves described by Fourier modes of complex frequency. We follow a matrix method that yields four transcendental dispersion relations. The roots (real or complex) make up a spectrum of pseudomodes, consisting of a complicate set of infinite branches. We derive analytical properties that allow to study the topology of the spectrum, the conditions of existence of real and complex roots, the contacts and crossings of branches of different types, etc. Our results allow to analyze any particular case of interest. 相似文献
25.
Tommaso Carlà Renato Macciotta Michael Hendry Derek Martin Tom Edwards Trevor Evans Paolo Farina Emanuele Intrieri Nicola Casagli 《Landslides》2018,15(3):489-505
The 10-mile Slide is contained within an ancient earthflow located in British Columbia, Canada. The landslide has been moving slowly for over 40 years, requiring regular maintenance work along where a highway and a railway track cross the sliding mass. Since 2013, the landslide has shown signs of retrogression. Monitoring prisms were installed on a retaining wall immediately downslope from the railway alignment to monitor the evolution of the retrogression. As of September 2016, cumulative displacements in the horizontal direction approached 4.5 m in the central section of the railway retaining wall. After an initial phase of acceleration, horizontal velocities showed a steadier trend between 3 and 9 mm/day, which was then followed by a second acceleration phase. This paper presents an analysis of the characteristics of the surface displacement vectors measured at the monitoring prisms. Critical insight on the behavior and kinematics of the 10-mile Slide retrogression was gained. An advanced analysis of the trends of inverse velocity plots was also performed to assess the potential for a slope collapse at the 10-mile Slide and to obtain further knowledge on the nature of the sliding surface. 相似文献
26.
A numerical algorithm for simulation of 2-D (axis-symmetric) wave propagation using a multidomain approach is proposed. The method uses a cylindrical coordinate system, Chebyshev and
Fourier differential operators to calculate the spatial derivatives along the radial and vertical direction, respectively,
and a Runge–Kutta time-integration scheme. The numerical technique is based on the solution of the equations of momentum conservation
combined with the stress–strain relations of the fluid (drilling mud) and isotropic elastic media (drill string and formation).
Wave modes and radiated waves are simulated in the borehole-formation system. The algorithm satisfies the reciprocity condition
and the results agree with an analytical solution and low-frequency simulation of wave-propagation modes reported in the literature.
Examples illustrating the propagation of waves are presented for hard and soft formations. Moreover, the presence of casing,
cement, and formation heterogeneity have been considered. Since the algorithm is based on a direct (grid) method, the geometry
and the properties defining the media at each grid point, can be general, i.e., there are no limitations such as planar interfaces
or uniform (homogeneous) properties for each medium.
相似文献
27.
G. D. Gatta A. Brundu P. Cappelletti G. Cerri B. de’ Gennaro M. Farina P. Fumagalli L. Guaschino P. Lotti M. Mercurio 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2016,43(9):639-647
A Cs-bearing polyphase aggregate with composition (in wt%): 76(1)CsAlSi5O12 + 7(1)CsAlSi2O6 + 17(1)amorphous, was obtained from a clinoptilolite-rich epiclastic rock after a beneficiation process of the starting material (aimed to increase the fraction of zeolite to 90 wt%), cation exchange and then thermal treatment. CsAlSi5O12 is an open-framework compound with CAS topology; CsAlSi2O6 is a pollucite-like material with ANA topology. The thermal stability of this polyphase material was investigated by in situ high-T X-ray powder diffraction, the combined P–T effects by a series of runs with a single-stage piston cylinder apparatus, and its chemical stability following the “availability test” (“AVA test”) protocol. A series of additional investigations were performed by WDS–electron microprobe analysis in order to describe the P–T-induced modification of the material texture, and to chemically characterize the starting material and the run products. The “AVA tests” of the polyphase aggregate show an extremely modest release of Cs+: 0.05 mg/g. In response to applied temperature and at room P, CsAlSi5O12 experiences an unquenchable and displacive Ama2-to-Amam phase transition at about 770 K, and the Amam polymorph is stable in its crystalline form up to 1600 K; a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition occurs between 1600 and 1650 K. In response to the applied P = 0.5 GPa, the crystalline-to-amorphous transition of CsAlSi5O12 occurs between 1670 and 1770 K. This leads to a positive Clapeyron slope (i.e., dP/dT > 0) of the crystalline-to-amorphous transition. When the polyphase aggregate is subjected at P = 0.5 GPa and T > 1770 K, CsAlSi5O12 melts and only CsAlSi2O6 (pollucite-like; dominant) and Cs-rich glass (subordinate) are observed in the quenched sample. Based on its thermo-elastic behavior, P–T phase stability fields, and Cs+ retention capacity, CsAlSi5O12 is a possible candidate for use in the immobilization of radioactive isotopes of Cs, or as potential solid hosts for 137Cs γ-radiation source in sterilization applications. More in general, even the CsAlSi5O12-rich aggregate obtained by a clinoptilolite-rich epiclastic rock appears to be suitable for this type of utilizations. 相似文献
28.
Concentrations of ten metals were measured in waters and sediments at 14 sites during four sampling periods (1996–1997). These sites include various marine ecosystems that are highly influenced by industry, tourism and river discharges, nine of which are within the Morrocoy National Park. Spatially, metal concentrations in water were homogenous, whereas in sediments their distributions were related to grain size. Maximum concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and mean concentrations of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in water were above the guideline values proposed by NOAA, indicating the potential of these metals for producing chronic effects in marine biota. Sheltered sites showed the highest metal concentrations in sediments; with Cd and Zn above these guidelines. Enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indexes suggested that metals in sediments were largely of natural origin except for Pb, Cd and vanadium (V), which were apparently associated with industrial effluents. A disruption of the spatial distribution of metals after heavy rainfall, when exposed sites reached concentrations as high as those in sheltered sites, showed the influence of nearby rivers. The potential increase of such climatic events could represent additional stress for natural protected areas in the Caribbean. 相似文献
29.
We present UKIRT spectroscopy of Nova Cassiopeia 1993 (= V705 Cas) in KLNQ bands, taken in 1994 and 1995. Fitting the continuum
indicates a dust temperature T ∼ 740 – 750 K in the latter part of 1994; this is similar to earlier measurements, and consistent
with the “isothermal” behaviour observed in novae with optically thick dust shells. The β-index drops from 0.8 to 0.4 over
the same period. This suggests grain growth; grain diameter increases from < 0.54 μm around day 256, to > 0.57 μm by day 342.
The UIR features differ from those in other Galactic sources, and are similar to those in V842 Cen. This suggests fundamental
differences between the UIR carriers, or environments, in novae and other Galactic sources. The silicate feature is consistent
with an amorphous structure, in contrast to previous novae. We believe that grains in V705 Cas form two populations: silicates,
and hydrocarbons.
This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
30.
The S-type Peninsula Pluton (South Africa) exhibits substantial compositional variability and hosts a large variety of mafic and felsic magmatic enclaves with contrasting textures and compositions. Moreover, the pluton is characterized by mechanical concentrations of K-feldspar megacrysts, cordierite and biotite, generating a complex array of magmatic structures including schlieren, pipes, and spectacular sheeted structures. Chemical evidence indicates that the pluton is constructed incrementally by rapid emplacement of numerous magma pulses. Field, and textural data suggest that magmatic structures form by local flow at the emplacement level of highly viscous crystal-rich magmas (i.e. crystallinity up to 50?vol.%) through magma mushes assembled from older batches. At the time of arrival of relatively late magma batches, some areas within the pluton had achieved crystal fractions that allowed the material to act as a solid, whilst maintaining enough melt to prevent formation of sharp intrusional contacts. Magmatic structures represent “snapshots” of processes that operate in multiphase crystal-rich mushes and their genesis is due to mechanical and thermal instabilities in the crystal-rich magma chamber that are triggered by the emplacement of pulses of new magma derived from the melting of a compositionally variable metasedimentary source. 相似文献