A multi-dimensional assessment of urban vulnerability to climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa     

Herslund  Lise Byskov  Jalayer  Fatemeh  Jean-Baptiste  Nathalie  J&#;rgensen  Gertrud  Kabisch  Sigrun  Kombe  Wilbard  Lindley  Sarah  Nyed  Patrik Karlsson  Pauleit  Stephan  Printz  Andreas  Vedeld  Trond 《Natural Hazards》2015,82(2):149-172

In this paper, we develop and apply a multi-dimensional vulnerability assessment framework for understanding the impacts of climate change-induced hazards in Sub-Saharan African cities. The research was carried out within the European/African FP7 project CLimate change and Urban Vulnerability in Africa, which investigated climate change-induced risks, assessed vulnerability and proposed policy initiatives in five African cities. Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) was used as a main case with a particular focus on urban flooding. The multi-dimensional assessment covered the physical, institutional, attitudinal and asset factors influencing urban vulnerability. Multiple methods were applied to cover the full range of vulnerabilities and to identify potential response strategies, including: model-based forecasts, spatial analyses, document studies, interviews and stakeholder workshops. We demonstrate the potential of the approach to assessing several dimensions of vulnerability and illustrate the complexity of urban vulnerability at different scales: households (e.g., lacking assets); communities (e.g., situated in low-lying areas, lacking urban services and green areas); and entire cities (e.g., facing encroachment on green and flood-prone land). Scenario modeling suggests that vulnerability will continue to increase strongly due to the expected loss of agricultural land at the urban fringes and loss of green space within the city. However, weak institutional commitment and capacity limit the potential for strategic coordination and action. To better adapt to urban flooding and thereby reduce vulnerability and build resilience, we suggest working across dimensions and scales, integrating climate change issues in city-level plans and strategies and enabling local actions to initiate a ‘learning-by-doing’ process of adaptation.

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Simulating the effects of land use changes on soil erosion using RUSLE model   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ataollah Kavian  Samaneh Hoseinpoor Sabet  Karim Solaimani  Behnoosh Jafari 《国际地球制图》2017,32(1):97-111

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of land use change on soil loss. Soil loss was quantified using the revised universal soil loss equation model in Darabkola catchment. Land use maps of 1992, 1998 and 2012 were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper data. The mean annual soil loss was therefore determined for these years. The results showed open-canopy forest area decreased by 36% between 1992 and 1998. Likewise, the decreasing trend of forest lands which are near to residential areas has continued from 1795 ha in 1998 to 1765 ha in 2012. Also the results indicate that the maximum annual soil loss ranged from 5.06, 6.19 and 15.23 ton h^?1 y^?1 in 1992, 1998 and 2012, respectively. Also, by assuming that all watershed conditions and land uses be constant in the future, then the area of close- and open-canopy forest and dry agricultural lands will be 23.23, 2.88 and 29.89 ha in 2040, respectively.  相似文献   

Applicability of generalized additive model in groundwater potential modelling and comparison its performance by bivariate statistical methods   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Fatemeh Falah  Samira Ghorbani Nejad  Omid Rahmati  Mania Daneshfar  Hossein Zeinivand 《国际地球制图》2017,32(10):1069-1089

Groundwater is the most valuable natural resource in arid areas. Therefore, any attempt to investigate potential zones of groundwater for further management of water supply is necessary. Hence, many researchers have worked on this subject all around the world. On the other hand, the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) has been applied to environmental and ecological modelling, but its applicability to other kinds of predictive modelling such as groundwater potential mapping has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of GAM model and then its comparison with three popular GIS-based bivariate statistical methods, namely Frequency Ratio (FR), Statistical Index (SI) and Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) for producing groundwater spring potential map (GSPM) in Lorestan Province Iran. To achieve this, out of 6439 existed springs, 4291 spring locations were selected for training phase and the remaining 2147 springs for model evaluation. Next, the thematic layers of 12 effective spring parameters including altitude, plan curvature, slope angle, slope aspect, drainage density, distance from rivers, topographic wetness index, fault density, distance from fault, lithology, soil and land use/land cover were mapped and integrated using the ArcGIS 10.2 software to generate a groundwater prospect map using mentioned approaches. The produced GSPMs were then classified into four distinct groundwater potential zones, namely low, moderate, high and very high classes. The results of the analysis were finally validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve technique. The results indicated that out of four models, SI is superior (prediction accuracy of 85.4%) following by FR, GAM and WOE, respectively (prediction accuracy of 83.7, 77 and 76.3%). The result of groundwater spring potential map is helpful as a guide for engineers in water resources management and land use planning in order to select suitable areas to implement development schemes and also government entities.  相似文献   

Trace element soil contamination from smelters in the Illawarra region,New South Wales,Australia     

Jafari  Yasaman  Jones  Brian G.  Pacheco  Joanna C.  Umoru  Sultan 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2020,79(15):1-11

Boundaries of densely populated areas can approach with time to old subsurface repositories of radioactive waste due to growth of settlement territories. P  相似文献   

Zoning map for drought prediction using integrated machine learning models with a nomadic people optimization algorithm     

Mohamadi  Sedigheh  Sammen  Saad Sh.  Panahi  Fatemeh  Ehteram  Mohammad  Kisi  Ozgur  Mosavi  Amir  Ahmed  Ali Najah  El-Shafie  Ahmed  Al-Ansari  Nadhir 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(1):537-579

Natural Hazards - The modelling of drought is of utmost importance for the efficient management of water resources. This article used the adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS), multilayer...  相似文献   

Monthly precipitation assessments in association with atmospheric circulation indices by using tree-based models     

Sattari  Mohammad Taghi  Shaker Sureh  Fatemeh  Kahya  Ercan 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1077-1094

Natural Hazards - The Urmia Lake basin is one of the most important basins in Iran, facing many problems due to poor water management and rainfall reduction. Under current circumstances, it becomes...  相似文献   

Developing an expert group method of data handling system for predicting the geometry of a stable channel with a gravel bed   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Azadeh Gholami  Hossein Bonakdari  Isa Ebtehaj  Saba Shaghaghi  Fatemeh Khoshbin 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(10):1460-1471

Predicting the geometry of channels and alluvial rivers is of primary importance in river engineering science. Appropriately designing channels and predicting stable river cross‐sections can decrease costs and prevent the destruction of installations and agricultural land by rivers. Consequently, researchers have applied different empirical and regression methods to achieve relations for predicting stable channel and river geometry. In this study, Group Method of Data Handling ]GMDH) models are used to predict three geometric variables of stable channels, namely width (w), depth (h) and slope (s). The effect of different input parameters, such discharge (Q), median grain size (d₅₀) and the Shields parameter (τ^*) on the GMDH models is assessed with regard to predicting stable channel geometry. The results indicate that the GMDH model with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.53%, 4.05% and 4.89% for channel width, depth and slope prediction respectively, exhibits good accuracy. Moreover, a comparison of the GMDH models with previous theoretical equations (based on regression analysis) indicates the superiority of GMDH model performance, with error reductions of one‐fifth, one‐eighth and one‐sixth compared with the regression equations for channel width, depth and slope prediction, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

GIS-Based Groundwater Potential Mapping in Khorramabad in Lorestan,Iran, using Frequency Ratio (FR) and Weights of Evidence (WoE) Models     

Fatemeh Falah  Hossein Zeinivand 《Water Resources》2019,46(5):679-692

Water Resources - In this study groundwater potential map of Khorramabad in Lorestan Province, Iran was produced using two different methods; Frequency Ratio (FR) and Weights of Evidence (WoE)...  相似文献   

Assessing the performance of decision tree and neural network models in mapping soil properties     

Fatemeh HATEFFARD  Payam DOLATI  Ahmad HEIDARI  Ali Asghar ZOLFAGHARI 《山地科学学报》2019,(8)

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Risk assessment of workers exposed to noise pollution in a textile plant     

M. Mohammadi Roozbahani M.  M.Sc.  P. Nassiri Ph.D.  P. Jafari Shalkouhi M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(4):591-596

In order to assess the risks associated with worker’s hearing loss, due to exposure to noise pollution, at the Boroujerd Textile Factory a cross sectional study was conducted. 60 workers from the Spinning and Weaving workshops and official staff were randomly selected as case and control groups and their hearing were tested by audiometry. The audiometric results revealed that amongst workers being exposed to the noise pollution in the Spinning and Weaving Workshops there is a distinct increase in the number of cases of hearing loss at high frequencies. There also appears to be a slight bias towards hearing loss in the left ear, in preference to the right in addition, those who have worked for longer than 16 years are subjected to hearing loss even at low frequencies conversely, the office workers (the control group) seem to suffer little or no hearing loss at low frequencies at all, but after approximately 10 years of service there may be some hearing loss, but only at higher frequencies, which could be attributed to presbycusis. Also, the t-test (statistical hypothesis test) results verified the significant difference among both groups at high frequencies. The questionnaire results indicated that workers feel symptoms such as headache, no sense centralization, excitement, nervousness, vertigo. Hence, controlling procedures seem to be essential to protect workers from noise disorders.  相似文献