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11.
Jerzy Nawrocki Andrij B. Bogucki Petro Gozhik Maria &#x;anczont Magdalena Pa&#x;czyk Karol Standzikowski Maryna Komar Olga Rosowiecka Olena Tomeniuk 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2019,48(4):940-952
The azimuth of imbrication of minimum magnetic susceptibility axes in the youngest loess from Ukraine defines prevailing wind directions during aeolian sedimentation. It changes along the studied sections. These changes can be directly correlated with the fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The northern and northeastern winds noted in the loess succession separated by a period when southwestern to southeastern winds were predominant may be correlated with two main phases of ice‐sheet advance during the Last Glacial Maximum. The ice‐sheet advances towards the areas of loess deposition generated katabatic winds that influenced aeolian sedimentation in the periglacial zone. A period of relatively stable wind directions during a younger phase of the Last Glacial Maximum was interrupted by periods with more chaotic wind regime most probably caused by fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet during its retreat from the peri‐Baltic part of Europe. These intervals occur where initial soils developed. The distribution of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility axes defined along the periglacial loess sections from central and eastern Europe can serve to constrain fluctuations of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. 相似文献
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Comparative analysis of interdecadal precipitation variability over central North China and sub Saharan Africa 
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下载免费PDF全文 本文对比分析了1951–2016年华北与北非降水的年代际变化,及其与全球大尺度海温和环流型的关联性。结果发现二者呈现出相似的年代际干湿演变特征。自上世纪70年代以来,华北与北非降水均由正异常转为持续负异常。90年代以后,北非降水虽仍是负异常,但呈现出显著地增加趋势。北非降水与大西洋多年代际振荡(AMO)、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)和北大西洋(NAO)均显著相关,华北降水与PDO和NAO显著相关。通过经验正交分解,发现华北与北非降水的第一模态均与NAO关系密切,且二者第一模态所对应的时间序列呈现反位相变化。 相似文献
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海相碳酸盐岩优质烃源岩发育的主要影响因素 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：26
我国近3×106km2的海相碳酸盐岩分布区长期被认为是潜在的油气勘探区,近年来虽然我国在海相碳酸盐岩地层的油气勘探有了一些突破,但与广泛分布的海相碳酸盐岩区相比,取得的成果还不令人满意。其关键问题是海相碳酸盐岩沉积盆地优质烃源岩发育相带不明,控制优质烃源岩发育的主要因素不清。本文根据海洋生物、现代海洋沉积和古代海相地层中有机质含量分布特征和实验室模拟实验结果,提出影响海相沉积有机质富集的主要因素有:沉积物形成时水体中生物生产率、沉积速率、沉积阶段及早期成岩作用阶段的氧化还原环境、海底深部流体作用等。其中,水体中高生物生产率是海相环境形成富有机质沉积的关键因素,沉积阶段和早期成岩作用阶段水体的相对还原环境有利于有机质富集保存,海底深部流体的活动是形成富集有机质沉积的不可忽视的因素。沉积速率是影响海相沉积有机质富集的主要因素,适当的沉积速率是海相沉积富集的有利条件。 相似文献
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松辽盆地异常压力系统及其形成原因探讨 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
松辽盆地泥岩声波时差反映盆地纵向上存在四套欠压实泥岩,即嫩江组一、二段泥岩,青山口组一段泥岩,泉头组一、二段泥岩和登楼库组一、二段泥岩.泥岩欠压实顶界面位于1000m左右,向盆地东部有逐渐抬高的趋势,局部地区位于800m附近.钻杆测试数据(DST)、重复地层测试数据(RFT)反映盆地储层压力系统以龙虎泡阶地和大庆长垣为界,分为西部斜坡带常压-低压系统(压力系数<1.06)、齐家古龙凹陷-大庆长垣高压系统(压力系数>1.06)和三肇凹陷及其以东的低压-异常低压系统(压力系数<0.96).分析这种特殊压力结构的原因及其对油气运移聚集的影响,认为晚期构造活动是形成松辽盆地特殊流体动力场空间分布特征的触发器,嫩江组沉积末期以来东部斜坡带和西部斜坡带的抬升剥蚀作用与水热效应结合是形成松辽盆地异常低压的主要原因,而泥岩生烃作用是形成齐家古龙凹陷异常高压系统的主要原因. 相似文献
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The words taboo, conservation area, reserve, protected area, and marine protected area (MPA) are used to refer to the community-based closures of the Pacific islands. Diverse definition and interpretation have led to confusion and debate, particularly as the Pacific islands engage with international protected area policies and partners. This case study from the Republic of Vanuatu traces the introduction, evolution and contemporary implementation of protected area typology. Higher-level debates often center more on symbolism and post-colonial ideologies than on the operational specifics of closure regimes. Island communities, indifferent to ongoing national-level discussions, are continuously adapting closures to contemporary contexts, utilizing indigenous and non-indigenous terms to differentiate among them. Protected area policy in the Pacific islands could be improved by recognizing the diverse closure typology of the region and building on the discursive status quo that is emerging at the community level. Future policy will be enhanced if it embraces the inherent flexibility and heterogeneity of Pacific island custom and culture to manage natural resources. 相似文献
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Global variations in regolith properties on asteroid Vesta from Dawn's low‐altitude mapping orbit 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Brett W. Denevi Andrew W. Beck Ecaterina I. Coman Bradley J. Thomson Eleonora Ammannito David T. Blewett Jessica M. Sunshine Maria Cristina De Sanctis Jian‐Yang Li Simone Marchi David W. Mittlefehldt Noah E. Petro Carol A. Raymond Christopher T. Russell 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2016,51(12):2366-2386
We investigate the depth, variability, and history of regolith on asteroid Vesta using data from the Dawn spacecraft. High‐resolution (15–20 m pixel?1) Framing Camera images are used to assess the presence of morphologic indicators of a shallow regolith, including the presence of blocks in crater ejecta, spur‐and‐gully–type features in crater walls, and the retention of small (<300 m) impact craters. Such features reveal that the broad, regional heterogeneities observed on Vesta in terms of albedo and surface composition extend to the physical properties of the upper ~1 km of the surface. Regions of thin regolith are found within the Rheasilvia basin and at equatorial latitudes from ~0–90°E and ~260–360°E. Craters in these areas that appear to excavate material from beneath the regolith have more diogenitic (Rheasilvia, 0–90°E) and cumulate eucrite (260–360°E) compositions. A region of especially thick regolith, where depths generally exceed 1 km, is found from ~100–240°E and corresponds to heavily cratered, low‐albedo surface with a basaltic eucrite composition enriched in carbonaceous chondrite material. The presence of a thick regolith in this area supports the idea that this is an ancient terrain that has accumulated a larger component of exogenic debris. We find evidence for the gardening of crater ejecta toward more howarditic compositions, consistent with regolith mixing being the dominant form of “weathering” on Vesta. 相似文献
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Henrik Stendal Robert Frei Sospeter Muhongo Thorkild M. Rasmussen Saidi Mnali Faustin Petro E. Brian Temu 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2004,38(5):437-447
Gold and base metals of the Mpanda Mineral Field (MMF) is the focus of this paper. Gold veins and gold-bearing base metal occurrences are structurally controlled by conjugate sets of NW–SE and E–W trending faults and/or shear zones that crosscut high-grade metamorphic rocks and post-kinematic intrusions. It was anticipated that Palaeoproterozic country rocks could have been potential host rocks for the gold mineralisation in this area. This argumentation was based on Pb model ages of various deposits from the MMF. Recent fieldwork and Pb isotopic results presented herein indicate that epigenetic gold and base metal vein-type mineralisation in the MMF is post-Palaeoproterozoic.Our Pb isotope study concentrates on constraining the sources of metals in gold-bearing quartz reefs and base metal occurrences. Pb isotopes of whole rocks and minerals indicate that mineralisation was emplaced during the Neoproterozoic, contemporaneous with the intrusion of alkaline granites and carbonatite complexes (e.g., Sangu–Ikola carbonatite complex) at 720 Ma. The source of Pb in the mineral occurrences is compatible with that characteristic of the Palaeoproterozoic host rocks. Aeromagnetic data suggest that the gold-bearing, NNW–SSE trending area continues to the north beyond Mpanda town. Pb isotope results and aeromagnetic data have significant implications for future exploration programs within the region, in that the search should potentially focus on the defined geophysical borders and trendlines, and on Neoproterozoic, rather than Palaeoproterozoic vein systems. 相似文献
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试论碳酸盐岩天然气地球化学的研究方向 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
虽然多年来油气勘探的实践说明碳酸盐岩可以成为烃源岩，但对于碳酸盐岩的成烃机理和评价标准尚无定论。作者认为，这主要是碳酸盐岩的生烃过程与泥岩的重烃过程不同引起的：碳酸盐岩一般先成岩而后生烃，泥岩一般则先生烃而后成岩。作者根据四川盆地碳酸盐岩天然气地球化学的研究现状，提出今后碳酸盐岩油气地球化学研究的主要方向有：1、碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃机理研究；2、碳酸盐岩天然气有效运聚系统研究；3、碳酸盐岩气藏地球化学研究，并提出了相应的主要研究内容。 相似文献
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Waveform Effect on Fatigue Properties of Intact Sandstone in Uniaxial Cyclical Loading 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
Summary. The effect of loading waveform and amplitude on the fatigue behaviour of intact sandstone was investigated using uniaxial cyclic loading conditions in the laboratory. In the first set of experiments sinusoidal, ramp and square waveforms were used at loading frequency of 5Hz and peak amplitude of 0.05mm. In another set of experiments, tests were conducted at a range of amplitudes varying from 0.05 to 0.3mm at 5Hz frequency using sinusoidal and ramp waveforms. It was found that loading waveform as well as amplitude is of great significance and affects the rock behaviour. It was found that fatigue behaviour is a function of the cyclic energy of the load and the shape of the waveform. Damage accumulated most rapidly under square waveforms with a high energy requirement. A ramp waveform was the least damaging of those considered. The loading waveforms strongly influenced the damage accumulation under cyclic loading conditions. Finally, it is concluded that machine behaviour in terms of amplitude affected the rock behaviour. This study has practical significance to the behaviour of rock and rock masses within the excavation systems subjected to cyclic loading. 相似文献