Chemical Evolution in the Early Universe: Can Damp Lyα Systems Be Spiral Galaxies?     

Ángeles I. Díaz  Mercedes Mollá  Federico Ferrini 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,263(1-4):71-74

The distribution of element abundances with redshift in Damped Lyα (DLA) systems can be adequately reproduced by the same models reproducing the halo and disk components of the Milky Way Galaxy at different galactocentric distances. In this sense, DLA systems are well represented by normal spiral galaxies in their early evolutionary stages. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Dust transport and palaeoclimate during the Oldest Dryas in Central Europe — implications from varves (Lake Constance)     

Frank Niessen  Guy Lister  Federico Giovanoli 《Climate Dynamics》1992,8(2):71-81

This paper evaluates evidence for seasonal loess deposits in peri-Alpine Lake Constance at the end of the last Glacial (Oldest Dryas chronozone). The usefulness of such lacustrine deposits for palaeoclimatic interpretations is discussed. The sedimentology of laminated couplets comprising yellow and grey silts has been investigated to test the hypothesis that the couplets are varves (i.e. annual rhythmites) comprising alternations of loess and glacial silt and clay. The laminae are mostly less than 1 mm thick and include from bottom to top: (1) a matrix of well-sorted, non-graded fine yellow silt with sand-size intraclasts, (2) coarsening-upward grey silt with a cap of fining-upward silt to clay. The latter is typical for varves in modern proglacial lakes and reflects summer and winter deposits (silt and clay, respectively). We propose that the lack of grading and the matrix supported fabric is indicative of aeolian transport and therefore interpret the yellow laminae as loess deposits. Volcanic glass intraclasts in the loess layers are probably derived from volcanic terrain to the west of the lake, indicating an easterly palaeowind direction. Deposition of loess in the lake occurred regularly at the beginning of each annual cycle, suggesting that the palaeowinds were associated with winter and/or spring conditions. Two transport scenarios are suggested to explain the sand grains scattered in this deep-water lacustrine record. 1. The grains may have been transported as bedload over the annual winter ice-cover of the lake under moderate wind strengths, frozen into the ice, and released for deposition during spring melt. 2. The sand grains were blown directly out onto the lake water by very strong winds during spring. The first scenario is contrary to the general view that loess was transported during summer, and that loess deposits thus reflect summer conditions only. Loess input to the lake shows a transitional decrease after ca. 14.3 kyr BP and cessation at ca. 14 kyr BP, probably as a result of a change of wind behaviour, increased humidity and/or vegetational changes during the Oldest Dryas in central Europe.This paper was presented at Clima Locarno 90, the International Conference on Past and Present Climate Dynamics: Reconstruction of Rates of Change, held in Locarno, Switzerland, September 24 to 28, 1991, supported by a grant from the Swiss Academy of Sciences. It was convened jointly by the Swiss National Climate Program - ProClim, the Swiss Committee for the IGBP, the Swiss COL, the Swiss SCOPE Committee, and the Swiss CCA. Guest editor for the papers published following the conference is Dr. K. Kelts (see also Climate Dynamics 6:3/4, Jan. 1992)  相似文献   

Landslide activity as a geoindicator in Italy: significance and new perspectives from remote sensing   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

P.?Canuti  N.?Casagli  L.?ErminiEmail author  R.?Fanti  P.?Farina 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(7):907-919

Landslide activity responds to rapid environmental changes and represents a relevant geoindicator in mountainous or hilly areas. This paper discusses the socio-economic relevance of landslide hazard in Italy and the problems encountered in establishing relationships between landslide frequency, climate and vegetation changes at different time scales. Landslides blocking a river channel have been carefully taken into account because they are usually characterized by high intensities (with regard to the involved masses and movement velocities) and their occurrences are often datable via radiocarbon dating. This is due to the recovery of organic matter in the landslide dammed lakes. For these reasons they can be considered important geoindicators in the wider category of slope failures. The marked effects of the anthropogenic activity on slope instability processes in the last 50 years are discussed with reference to two case histories: the Chianti hills in Tuscany and the Cinque Terre National Park in Liguria. Finally, two novel techniques of remote sensing are proposed as tools for a systematic monitoring of slope instability at different time and spatial scales. Both techniques are based on the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology and differ on the type of platform (satellite and ground-based) used to acquire data.  相似文献   

Geoidrologia del Serino     

Prof. Dr. Federico Sacco 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1943,5(1-2):111-127

Riassunto L'A., incaricato dalla Direzione dell' Acquedotto di Napoli di esaminare la geoidrologia dell' alta Val Sabato dove trovansi le sorgenti del Serino che alimentano detto Acquedotto, per un eventuale aumento di portata, espone dapprima le condizioni geoidrologiche della regione e l'origine delle sorgenti; dopo di che l' A. esamina minutamente la serie sedimentaria quaternaria attraversata dalle recenti trivellazioni le quali hanno rivelato, sotto una potente zona argillosa, un' abbondante falda artesiana, che servirà allo scopo desiderato.

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Zusammenfassung Der Verf., beauftragt von der Leitung der Wasserversorgungsanstalt der Stadt Neapels die Hydrologie des Oberen Sabàto-Tals zu untersuchen zwecks einer Erhöhung der ausnützbaren Ergiebigkeit, beschreibt zunächst die geohydrologischen Eigentümlichkeiten der Gegend. Nachdem analysiert er einzeln die sedimentärische quaternäre Reihe welche von den neueren Bohrungen getroffen worden ist, und die, unter einer starken tonigen Zone, eine mächtige artesische Schicht im Licht gebracht haben.

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Overpassing and armouring phenomena on gravel beaches     

Federico Ignacio Isla 《Marine Geology》1993,110(3-4):369-376

Armouring phenomena are common in river beds, gravel beaches and spits. The gravel segregation recognized at depth in three different beaches of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, allows us to propose a mechanism for formation.

A mixed population of gravel set into motion by waves is deposited progressively. Granules and fine gravels with higher pivoting angles in the beach slope are easily trapped within the bed, while rounded pebbles continue rolling over (overpassing) it. Finally, decreasing flow velocity allows the deposition of the larger pebbles, thus armouring the beach.

A carpet of round clasts of uniform size is more stable than the same clasts in a mixed population armouring the bed and covering a uniform layer of rounded granules and fine gravels.  相似文献   

Application of the Fisher's “Horizon Viewshed” to a proposed power transmission line in Nozzano (Italy)          下载免费PDF全文

Federico Fontani 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(4):835-843

Visibility algorithms have progressed very little since early GIS software, and today the typical approach is still based on the simple binary logic (visible – not visible). Specialized packages, such as Esri's 3DAnalyst, provide tools able only to identify the cells from which an observer can see the evaluated target object. This technical note presents an experimental approach to combining different Esri tools into a model in order to return the visibility analysis based on the Fisher's “horizon viewshed” approach (Fisher, 1996 ). The latter consists in evaluating whether an object in the landscape rises above the skyline or remains below it. The model has been applied to study the visual impact of an High Voltage Power line in the area of Nozzano Castle, Lucca (Italy).  相似文献   

A Simple Parametrization for the Concentration Variance Dissipation in a Lagrangian Single-Particle Model     

Enrico Ferrero  Luca Mortarini  Federico Purghè 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2017,162(1):91-116

A new quasi-analytical mixed-layer model is formulated describing the evolution of the convective atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) during cold-air outbreaks (CAO) over polar oceans downstream of the marginal sea-ice zones. The new model is superior to previous ones since it predicts not only temperature and mixed-layer height but also the height-averaged horizontal wind components. Results of the mixed-layer model are compared with dropsonde and aircraft observations carried out during several CAOs over the Fram Strait and also with results of a 3D non-hydrostatic (NH3D) model. It is shown that the mixed-layer model reproduces well the observed ABL height, temperature, low-level baroclinicity and its influence on the ABL wind speed. The mixed-layer model underestimates the observed ABL temperature only by about 10 %, most likely due to the neglect of condensation and subsidence. The comparison of the mixed-layer and NH3D model results shows good agreement with respect to wind speed including the formation of wind-speed maxima close to the ice edge. It is concluded that baroclinicity within the ABL governs the structure of the wind field while the baroclinicity above the ABL is important in reproducing the wind speed. It is shown that the baroclinicity in the ABL is strongest close to the ice edge and slowly decays further downwind. Analytical solutions demonstrate that the \(\mathrm{e}\)-folding distance of this decay is the same as for the decay of the difference between the surface temperature of open water and of the mixed-layer temperature. This distance characterizing cold-air mass transformation ranges from 450 to 850 km for high-latitude CAOs.  相似文献   

Subduction polarity reversal at the junction between the Western Alps and the Northern Apennines, Italy     

Gianluca Vignaroli  Claudio Faccenna  Laurent Jolivet  Claudia Piromallo  Federico Rossetti 《Tectonophysics》2008,450(1-4):34-50

The controversial relationship between the orogenic segments of the Western Alps and the Northern Apennines is here explored integrating recently published 3D tomographic models of subduction with new and re-interpreted geological observations from the eclogitic domain of the Voltri Massif (Ligurian Alps, Italy), where the two belts joint each other. The Voltri Massif is here described as an extensional domain accommodating the opposing outward migration of the Alpine and Apennine thrust fronts, since about 30–35 Ma. Using tomographic images of the upper mantle and paleotectonic reconstructions, we propose that this extensional setting represents the surface manifestation of an along strike change in polarity of the subducted oceanic slab whose polarity changed laterally in space and in time. Our tectonic model suggests that the westward shift of the Alpine thrust front from the Oligocene onward was the consequence of the toroidal asthenospheric flow induced by the retreat of the Apenninic slab.  相似文献   

<Emphasis>A</Emphasis> probability index for surface zonda wind occurrence at Mendoza city through vertical sounding principal components analysis     

Federico?OteroEmail author  Federico?Norte  Diego?Araneo 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(1-2):213-225

The aim of this work is to obtain an index for predicting the probability of occurrence of zonda event at surface level from sounding data at Mendoza city, Argentine. To accomplish this goal, surface zonda wind events were previously found with an objective classification method (OCM) only considering the surface station values. Once obtained the dates and the onset time of each event, the prior closest sounding for each event was taken to realize a principal component analysis (PCA) that is used to identify the leading patterns of the vertical structure of the atmosphere previously to a zonda wind event. These components were used to construct the index model. For the PCA an entry matrix of temperature (T) and dew point temperature (Td) anomalies for the standard levels between 850 and 300 hPa was build. The analysis yielded six significant components with a 94 % of the variance explained and the leading patterns of favorable weather conditions for the development of the phenomenon were obtained. A zonda/non-zonda indicator c can be estimated by a logistic multiple regressions depending on the PCA component loadings, determining a zonda probability index \( \widehat{c} \) calculable from T and Td profiles and it depends on the climatological features of the region. The index showed 74.7 % efficiency. The same analysis was performed by adding surface values of T and Td from Mendoza Aero station increasing the index efficiency to 87.8 %. The results revealed four significantly correlated PCs with a major improvement in differentiating zonda cases and a reducing of the uncertainty interval.  相似文献   

The at-rest earth pressure coefficient prediction using simple elasto-plastic constitutive models     

Antonio Federico  Gaetano Elia  Agnese Murianni 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009,36(1-2):187-198

The paper deals with the theoretical prediction of the at-rest earth pressure coefficient for normally consolidated soils (k_0(NC)) using simple elasto-plastic constitutive models. In the first part of the work, the k_0(NC) expressions derived from critical state soil mechanics models are critically discussed. It is shown that, adopting typical values of the models parameters, the experimental k_0(NC) values are usually over-predicted. In the second part, a possible modification of the critical state model formulation, which allows to predict lower k_0(NC) values for a fixed angle of shearing resistance, is considered. Finally, a discussion of the results and some brief conclusions are proposed.  相似文献