Towards an operational use of space imagery for oil pollution monitoring in the Mediterranean basin: a demonstration in the Adriatic Sea     

Ferraro G  Bernardini A  David M  Meyer-Roux S  Muellenhoff O  Perkovic M  Tarchi D  Topouzelis K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(4):403-422

Studies of operational pollution carried out by European commission - Joint Research Centre in the Mediterranean Sea for the years 1999-2004 are briefly introduced. The specific analysis of the Adriatic Sea for the same period demonstrates that this area has been characterized by a relevant number of illegal discharges from ships. After setting the historical background of the project AESOP (aerial and satellite surveillance of operational pollution in the Adriatic Sea), the content, partners and aim of the project are presented. Finally, the results of the first phase of the AESOP project are presented. The results seem very encouraging. For the first time in the Adriatic, real time detection of oil spills in satellite images and an immediate verification by the Coast Guard has been undertaken. An exploratory activity has also been carried out in collaboration with the University of Ljubljana to use automatic information system (AIS) to identify the ships detected in the satellite images.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations of mercury in sediments from Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shi JB  Ip CC  Tang CW  Zhang G  Wu RS  Li XD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(4):480-485

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Medium-term responses of rocky bottoms to sewage discharges from a deepwater outfall in the NE Atlantic     

Echavarri-Erasun B  Juanes JA  García-Castrillo G  Revilla JA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(7):941-954

An investigation on the effects of deepwater outfall discharges on the status of rocky reef communities was carried out. The sanitation system was found to be an environmentally suitable option for the protection of those habitats situated in high energy coastal environments. Sediments occurring between the predominating rocky substrates showed low values of the fine fraction (<63microm) and organic matter content. In addition, high average concentrations of Cd, Hg and Zn were found in these sediments, though these values were similar to those registered in non-affected sites, far away from the outfall. On the other hand, those assemblages typical of hard substrates that settled near the outfall showed an increase in total richness and abundance of macroinvertebrates. Moreover, the average number of species of each taxonomic group, a good indicator of the maintenance of the previous trophic structure, only varied considerably over time at the rip-rap protection. In a global context, those changes were not directly related to the discharge disturbances, but to the natural variability or the successional processes occurring within those communities. Only communities dwelling in the rip-rap protection area were affected by the proximity of the discharges.  相似文献   

A comparative analysis of three habitat suitability models for commercial yield estimation of Tapes philippinarum in a North Adriatic coastal lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vincenzi S  Caramori G  Rossi R  De Leo GA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,55(10-12):579-590

Habitat Suitability (HS) models have been extensively used by conservation planners to estimate the spatial distribution of threatened species and of species of commercial interest. In this work we compare three HS models for the estimation of commercial yield potential and the identification of suitable sites for Tapes philippinarum rearing in the Sacca di Goro lagoon (Italy) on the basis of six environmental factors. The habitat suitability index (HSI) is based on expert opinion while the habitat suitability conditional (HSC) is calibrated on observational data. The habitat suitability mixed (HSM) model is a two-part model combining expert knowledge and regression analysis: the first component of the model uses logistic regression to identify the areas in which clams are likely to be present; the second part applies the same parameter-specific suitability functions of the HSI model only in the areas previously identified as productive by the logistic component. The HS models were validated on an independent data set and estimates of potential yield of the Goro lagoon were compared. The effectiveness of the three approaches is then discussed in terms of predicted yield and identification of suitable sites for farming.  相似文献   

Air--sea gaseous exchange of PCB at the Venice lagoon (Italy)     

Manodori L  Gambaro A  Moret I  Capodaglio G  Cescon P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(10):1634-1644

Water bodies are important storage media for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and this function is increased in coastal regions because their inputs are higher than those to the open sea. The air-water interface is extensively involved with the global cycling of PCBs because it is the place where they accumulate due to depositional processes and where they may be emitted by gaseous exchange. In this work the parallel collection of air, microlayer and sub-superficial water samples was performed in July 2005 at a site in the Venice lagoon to evaluate the summer gaseous flux of PCBs. The total concentration of PCBs (sum of 118 congeners) in air varies from 87 to 273 pg m(-3), whereas in the operationally defined dissolved phase of microlayer and sub-superficial water samples it varies from 159 to 391 pg L(-1). No significant enrichment of dissolved PCB into the microlayer has been observed, although a preferential accumulation of most hydrophobic congeners occurs. Due to this behaviour, we believe that the modified two-layer model was the most suitable approach for the evaluation of the flux at the air-sea interface, because it takes into account the influence of the microlayer. From its application it appears that PCB volatilize from the lagoon waters with a net flux varying from 58 to 195 ng m(-2)d(-1) (uncertainty: +/-50-64%) due to the strong influence of wind speed. This flux is greater than those reported in the literature for the atmospheric deposition and rivers input and reveals that PCB are actively emitted from the Venice lagoon in summer months.  相似文献   

Precipitation of heavy metals in produced water: influence on contaminant transport and toxicity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Azetsu-Scott K  Yeats P  Wohlgeschaffen G  Dalziel J  Niven S  Lee K 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(2):146-167

Produced water undergoes changes in its physical chemistry including precipitation of heavy metals after being discharged and mixed with ambient seawater. Potential impacts of the precipitation of heavy metals on their transport and toxicity were studied using samples from offshore oil production sites on the Scotian Shelf off eastern Canada. Concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc were measured in total, particulate and dissolved fractions together with Microtox tests for assessment of toxicity. Heavy metals in produced water were transformed from dissolved to particulate phase in a period of hours under oxygenated conditions, and aggregated to larger particles that settle rapidly (>100 m/day) over a few days. In addition, there was production of buoyant particles comprised of heavy metal precipitates sequestered onto oil droplets that were transported to the surface. The particulate fraction was generally more toxic than the dissolved fraction. This was evident at the mixing interface between produced water and seawater where elevated particulate and toxicity levels were observed. Laboratory studies suggest an increase in the toxicity of discharged produced water over time. Time-series experiments showed a sustained toxic response for more than a week following the oxidation of freshly discharged produced water that initially elicited little or no toxic response in the Microtox test. Chemical processes identified in this study, namely precipitation of heavy metals and consequent settling and rising fluxes of particles, will influence the toxicity, the fate and the transport of potential contaminants in the produced water. Therefore, these processes need to be considered in assessment of the environmental impact associated with offshore oil and gas operations.  相似文献   

太行山大枣品质与生态地质地球化学环境的相关性分析     

吴新国  栾文楼  李随民  崔邢涛  宋泽峰 《物探与化探》2010,34(3)

通过对太行山中段采集的大枣和土壤样品的分析和对比,论述了影响太行山地区优质大枣品质的各项因素,指出了影响大枣生长的构造、岩石、土壤、地球化学异常,气候、地下水、地形等多项因素的作用和主次关系,即地质构造控制片麻岩的分布,优质大枣与片麻岩分布相关;高程500 m以下是太行山山区优质大枣适生地带,高程低于200 m、片麻岩区、沟谷地带、阳坡条件下的大枣品质更好。  相似文献   

铜镍硫化物和海山富钴结壳的Re-Os 标准物质研制     

屈文俊  杜安道  Yang G  李超  Stein H J  Hannah J L 《矿床地质》2010,29(Z12):831-832

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冀东平原土壤重金属元素的存在形态及有效性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

栾文楼刘洪微  温小亚杜 俊李振宁  陈志贤谷海峰 《中国地质》2010,37(2):508-514

通过对冀东平原根系土中8种重金属元素形态含量的统计与分析,总结出其形态组成特征,初步分析了各重金属元素在土壤中的地球化学行为。笔者运用相关性分析方法,对重金属元素有效态含量与全量及土壤pH、TOC的相关性进行分析,从而得出重金属元素有效态含量的高低不仅受其全量的影响,而且与土壤pH、TOC亦有密切关系,这为表层土壤重金属元素污染程度的科学合理评价提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

河北省南部平原区大气降尘来源及分布特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李随民栾文楼  宋泽峰崔邢涛 吴兴国 《中国地质》2010,37(6):1769-1774

从2007年11月到2008年11月,采用被动方式在河北省南部平原区域采集了48个点的大气沉降样品,分析了Al、K、Ca、Cr、Cd、Pb、Se、Mo、I、F、S等21种元素的含量。在计算了各元素之间相关性和富集因子的基础上,得出河北南部平原区大气降尘的物质来源以土壤颗粒物为主,在此基础上叠加了燃煤污染。大气降尘输入通量的结果表明,河北省南部平原区的大气质量明显低于北京平原区。省内对比表明,沧州地区绝大多数元素输入通量最大,而邯郸地区最低,省会石家庄以燃煤元素(Cd、Hg、Mo、Se)的输入通量最大为特征。  相似文献