阿那巴尔地盾多相变质岩石中流体包裹体:变质作用和部分熔融作用流体机制差异     

O.M.Rosen  V.E.Sonyushkin  徐学纯 《世界地质》1991,(1)

阿那巴尔地质是西伯利亚地台结晶基底的北部窗口。年龄为2.7Ga的太古代阿那巴尔麻粒岩杂岩是分布范围最广者之一,而年龄为1.9Ga的元古代Lamujka杂岩约占地质区的五分之一。它沿着麻粒岩的断层带在角闪岩条件下转变而形成,并由变晶构造岩、角闪混合片麻岩(由麻粒岩退化变质形成)、混合岩和花岗岩组成。测温法,低温测定法、电子显微镜和显微探针分析方法用于研究阿那巴尔杂岩中成分为斜长石—石英—紫苏辉石—磁铁矿组成的紫苏花岗闪长岩中混合岩石英内流体包体和由钾长石—斜长石—石英—黑云母—角闪石—钛铁矿组合组成的Lamujka混合岩中石英内流体包体。  相似文献   

内蒙古乌拉山地区麻粒岩相变质流体性状及其演化   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

徐学纯 《地质论评》1992,38(5):398-406

流体是变质作用的重要因素之一。流体包裹体是变质作用某一时期流体相的最客观和最真实的记录。本区麻粒岩相变质流体以富CO_2为特点,具有高密度、较低的氧化还原电位和氧逸度。变质流体的演化具有与温压条件演化相同的PTt轨迹。随着变质作用演化,流体具有密度减小、体积增大的趋势,反映了变质过程流体的演化特点及其动力学机制。  相似文献   

Hydrocarbon photochemistry in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter     

Gladstone GR  Allen M  Yung YL 《Icarus》1996,119(1):1-52

The hydrocarbon photochemistry in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter is investigated using a one-dimensional, photochemical-diffusive, and diurnally averaged model. The important chemical cycles and pathways among the major species are outlined and a standard model for the North Equatorial Belt region is examined in detail. It is found that several traditionally dominant chemical pathways among the C and C2 species are replaced in importance by cycles involving C-C4 species. The pressure and altitude profiles of mixing ratios for several observable hydrocarbon species are compared with available ultraviolet- and infrared-derived abundances. The results of sensitivity studies on the standard model with respect to variations in eddy diffusion profile, solar flux, atomic hydrogen influx, latitude, temperature, and important chemical reaction rates are presented. Measured and calculated airglow emissions of He at 584 angstroms and H at 1216 angstroms are also used to provide some constraints on the range of model parameters. The relevance of the model results to the upcoming Galileo mission is briefly discussed. The model is subject to considerable improvement; there is a great need for laboratory measurements of basic reaction rates and photodissociation quantum yields, even for such simple species as methylacetylene and allene. Until such laboratory measurements exist there will be considerable uncertainty in the understanding of the C3 and higher hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of the jovian planets.  相似文献   

Toxicity,growth and accumulation relationships of copper,lead and zinc in the grey mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

MacFarlane GR  Burchett MD 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(1):65-84

The effects of three heavy metals Copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), and the interaction of an essential (Zn) and non-essential (Pb) metal on germination, growth, and accumulation of metals in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh var. australasica (Walp.) Moldenke, were studied under laboratory conditions. Avicennia marina was found to be highly tolerant to the metals applied. Copper was accumulated in root tissue in a linear relationship at lower sediment concentrations, but at concentrations of 200 microg/g and higher, no further increases in root Cu levels occurred. Translocation of Cu from the root to leaf tissue was low, yet revealed similar accumulation patterns as root tissue. Significant reductions in seedling height leaf number and area were found with significant increases in Cu concentrations in tissues at 100 microg/g sediment Cu. At Cu sediment levels of 400 microg/g, a decrease in total biomass and root growth inhibition was observed. Emergence was retarded with increasing copper concentration, with 800 microg/g sediment Cu resulting in a total inhibition of emergence. The LC50 for emergence and EC50 for biomass was 566 and 380 microg/g Cu respectively. Lead accumulation in root tissue was lower that other metals, yet increased in a dose dependant fashion across the sediment Pb concentration range examined. Lead was excluded from leaf tissue at Pb sediment concentrations up to 400 microg/g, above which limited transport of Pb occurred. Little negative effects on growth were observed due to the low accumulation of Pb. Zinc uptake was high, and was accumulated in a linear fashion in root tissue across the sediment Zn concentration range applied. Zinc translocation to leaf tissue exhibited a dose dependant relationship with both root and sediment Zn levels. Emergence decreased with increasing sediment Zn concentrations, with 1000 microg/g sediment Zn showing 100% mortality. Significant reductions in seedling height, leaf number, area, biomass and root growth inhibition were found at concentrations of 500 microg/g sediment Zn. The LC50 for emergence and EC50 for biomass was 580 and 392 microg/g Zn respectively. Lead and Zn in combination resulted in an increased accumulation of both metals in leaf tissue and increased toxicity than individual metals alone, and is the first noted occurrence of a Pb and Zn additive response in angiosperms. Possible mechanisms of accumulation and toxicity are discussed.  相似文献   

Factors that influence the accumulation of copper and cadmium by transplanted eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in the Patuxent River, Maryland     

Abbe GR  Riedel GF  Sanders JG 《Marine environmental research》2000,49(4):377-396

To investigate the continued accumulation of copper and cadmium by oysters in the Patuxent River, MD, which have been at high levels since at least the mid 1960s, hatchery-raised Eastern oysters were transplanted into trays at four sites in the upper estuary. At each site two groups of oysters were used to determine growth and mortality, and another group was sampled for meat condition, metal concentration and body burden. Copper in oysters in the discharge of a coal-fired power plant was significantly greater than at all other sites, but maximum concentration of 310 micrograms g-1 was well below the maximum of 1880 micrograms g-1 detected in 1982. Cadmium levels were also significantly greater in the discharge than at the other sites, but probably because of higher discharge temperatures. Trace metal loadings, the local salinity gradient and the higher temperatures caused by power plant operation all appear to contribute to metal accumulation by oysters in the upper Patuxent estuary.  相似文献   

The relative abundance of ethane to acetylene in the Jovian stratosphere     

Allen M  Yung YL  Gladstone GR 《Icarus》1992,100(2):527-533

The observed ratio of C2H6 to C2H2 in the Jovian stratosphere increases from approximately 55 at 2 mbar to approximately 277 at 12 mbar. In current photochemical models this ratio typically increases between 2 and 12 mbar by a factor of < or = 3. Recent laboratory kinetics studies on the reaction between C2H3 and H2 to form C2H4 suggest an efficient chemical mechanism for hydrogenation of C2H2 to C2H6. Inclusion of this scheme as part of a comprehensive updated model for hydrocarbon photochemistry in the atmosphere of Jupiter provides an explanation of the altitude variation of the C2H6/C2H2 ratio. The sensitivity of these results to uncertainties in the key rate constants at low temperatures is illustrated, identifying needs for additional laboratory measurements. Since the key reaction rate constants decrease with decreasing temperature, the hydrogenation of C2H2 as proposed predicts a qualitatively decreasing trend in the C2H6/C2H2 value with decreasing distance from the Sun. The observed variation between Jupiter and Saturn is consistent with this prediction.  相似文献   

The 1974 spill of the Bouchard 65 oil barge: petroleum hydrocarbons persist in Winsor Cove salt marsh sediments     

Peacock EE  Hampson GR  Nelson RK  Xu L  Frysinger GS  Gaines RB  Farrington JW  Tripp BW  Reddy CM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(2):214-225

Petroleum hydrocarbons persist in salt marsh sediments in Winsor Cove (Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts) impacted from the 1974 spill of No. 2 fuel oil by the barge Bouchard 65. Intertidal sediment cores were collected from 2001 to 2005 and analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). TPHs content was greatest (as high as 8.7 mg g(-1) dry weight) in the surface sediments and decreased with distance landward. Select samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with values as high as 16.7 microg g(-1) for total naphthalenes and phenanthrenes/anthracenes. These remaining PAHs are mainly C(4)-naphthalenes and C(1)-, C(2)-, and C(3)-phenanthrenes/anthracenes revealing preferential loss of almost all of the naphthalenes and the parent compound phenanthrene. Inspection of the data indicates that biodegradation, water-washing and evaporation were major removal processes for many of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh sediments. In addition, historical data and photographs combined with their recent counterparts indicate that erosion has physically removed these contaminants from this site.  相似文献   

Occurrence and seasonal variations of algal toxins in water, phytoplankton and shellfish from North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Takahashi E  Yu Q  Eaglesham G  Connell DW  McBroom J  Costanzo S  Shaw GR 《Marine environmental research》2007,64(4):429-442

A number of marine microalgae are known to produce toxins that can accumulate in shellfish and when eaten, lead to toxic and potentially fatal reactions in humans. This paper reports on the occurrence and seasonal variations of algal toxins in the waters, phytoplankton and shellfish of Southeast Queensland, Australia. These algal toxins include okadaic acid (OA), domoic acid (DA), gymnodimine (GD), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and pectenotoxin-2-seco acid (PTX-2-SA), which were detected in the sampled shellfish and phytoplankton, via HPLC-MS/MS. Dissolved OA, PTX-2 and GD were also detected in the samples collected from the water column. This was the first occasion that DA and GD have been reported in shellfish, phytoplankton and the water column in Queensland waters. Phytoplankton tows contained both the toxic Dinophysis and Pseudo-nitzschia algae species, and are suspected of being the most likely producers of the OA, PTX-2s and DA found in shellfish of this area. The number of cells, however, did not correlate with the amount of toxins present in either shellfish or phytoplankton. This indicates that toxin production by algae varies with time and the species present and that number of cells alone cannot be used as an indicator for the presence of toxins. The presence of OA and PTX-2s were more frequently seen in the summer, while DA and GD were detected throughout the year and without any obvious seasonal patterns.  相似文献   

大兴安岭东北部侏罗纪花岗岩类Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

隋振民  徐学纯 《中国地质》2010,37(1):48-55

大兴安岭东北部侏罗纪花岗岩类的Sr-Nd同位素研究结果表明,兴安地块侏罗纪花岗岩具有较低的初始锶值(0.7048～0.7065)、高的εNd(t)值(+0.23～+2.54)和较低的TDM2(0.76～0.95Ga),反映其源区物质主要为显生宙期间从亏损地幔增生的地壳物质。额尔古纳地块侏罗纪花岗岩具有相对较高的初始锶值(0.7057～0.7075)、较低的εNd(t)值(-2.47～-9.72)和较高的TDM2(1.16～1.7Ga),反映其源区物质主要为中—新元古代从亏损地幔增生的地壳物质。额尔古纳地块和兴安地块各自具有不同的地壳增生时期,表明它们具有不同的早期地壳演化历史。  相似文献   

大港探区流体包裹体组分特征及其应用     

邹海峰  徐学纯 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2001,31(3):251-256

利用激光拉曼探针测定了单个流体包裹体成分 ,计算了流体的 pH、Eh值 ,并从不同角度对大港探区的油气运聚规律和储层评价进行应用研究。结果表明 ,本研究区表现出具明显的两期 (早、晚 )油气运聚特征。还对油气资源进行了评价 ,展现了流体包裹体研究方法在油气运聚规律研究中具有良好的应用与发展前景  相似文献