土与土工织物接触面力学特性的试验研究   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

张嘎  张建民 《岩土力学》2006,27(1):51-55

在大型土与结构接触面循环加载剪切仪上添加了拉拔试验模块,进行了大尺寸的粗粒土与土工布接触面的单调和往返剪切试验以及土工布拉拔试验。剪切试验结果表明,粗粒土与土工布接触面出现了一定程度的应变软化,相对法向位移的变化受法向应力影响很大,并表现出异向性。土工布拉拔试验结果表明,由于土与土工织物接触面的剪胀造成该类接触面的抗剪强度与法向应力不再是线性关系;将接触面剪切试验和拉拔试验方法结合起来是研究土与土工织物接触面力学特性较为全面和合理的手段。  相似文献   

From discrete to continuum modelling of boundary value problems in geomechanics: An integrated FEM-DEM approach     

Jacques Desrues  Albert Argilaga  Denis Caillerie  Gaël Combe  Trung Kiên Nguyen  Vincent Richefeu  Stefano Dal Pont 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(5):919-955

Double-scale numerical methods constitute an effective tool for simultaneously representing the complex nature of geomaterials and treating real-scale engineering problems such as a tunnel excavation or a pressuremetre at a reasonable numerical cost. This paper presents an approach coupling discrete elements (DEM) at the microscale with finite elements (FEM) at the macroscale. In this approach, a DEM-based numerical constitutive law is embedded into a standard FEM formulation. In this regard, an exhaustive discussion is presented on how a 2D/3D granular assembly can be used to generate, step by step along the overall computation process, a consistent Numerically Homogenised Law. The paper also focuses on some recent developments including a comprehensive discussion of the efficiency of Newton-like operators, the introduction of a regularisation technique at the macroscale by means of a second gradient framework, and the development of parallelisation techniques to alleviate the computational cost of the proposed approach. Some real-scale problems taking into account the material spatial variability are illustrated, proving the numerical efficiency of the proposed approach and the benefit of a particle-based strategy.  相似文献   

Centrifuge model test study on pile reinforcement behavior of cohesive soil slopes under earthquake conditions   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

Liping P. Wang  Ga Zhang 《Landslides》2014,11(2):213-223

In this study, dynamic centrifuge model tests were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of cohesive soil slopes with the use of stabilizing piles during an earthquake. The behavior of the pile reinforcement was analyzed based on the obtained deformation over the entire slope through image-based measurement, and the behavior of the slope was compared to that of an unreinforced slope. The piles significantly increased the stability of the slope and reduced its deformation during an earthquake. The bending moment of the piles exhibited a nearly triangular distribution due to the earthquake. The acceleration response of the slope increased with increasing elevation, and the displacement accumulated apparently irreversibly over the course of the earthquake. The piles significantly affected the deformation of the slope in a certain area, the boundary of which was defined using a continuous surface. A strain analysis of the slope demonstrated that the piles had a significant effect on the reduction in the deformation of the slope in their vicinities, and this effect expanded upward along the slope and arrested the possible slip surface that would have occurred in an unreinforced slope. Several influencing factors were simulated in the tests, and observation of these factors demonstrated that the dynamic response of the pile-reinforced slope was affected by the pile spacing, pile location, slope gradient, and input earthquake to varying extent.  相似文献   

Progressive failure behavior of pile-reinforced clay slopes under surface load conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li Ping Wang  Ga Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(12):5007-5016

Stabilizing piles are widely used to improve stability level of slopes to avoid landslides. In this paper, the full failure process of clay slopes reinforced using stabilizing piles was produced using serialized centrifuge model tests under surface loading conditions. The strength of pile material and the pile location closer to the slope top were both indicated to have a positive influence on the limit bearing capacity of the reinforced slope on the basis of test observations. The displacement field over the reinforced slope was measured during loading and used to capture a significant progressive failure caused by the surface loading. Local failure started near the inner edge of the load plate and expanded in a downward direction to produce a final slip surface. The pile exhibited a bending failure coupled with the progressive failure of the slope. The failure mechanism could be illustrated with the deformation localization in the slope that developed prior to the slip surface. The surface load exhibited a significant spreading behavior within the slope according to the displacement distribution of the slope.  相似文献   

Relationship between MODIS based Aerosol Optical Depth and PM10 over Croatia     

Sanja Grgurić  Josip Križan  Goran Gašparac  Oleg Antonić  Zdravko Špirić  Rodelise E. Mamouri  A. Christodoulou  Argyro Nisantzi  Athos Agapiou  Kyriakos Themistocleous  Kurt Fedra  Charalambos Panayiotou  Diofantos Hadjimitsis 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2014,6(1):2-16

This study analyzes the relationship between Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) obtained from Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and ground-based PM10 mass concentration distribution over a period of 5 years (2008–2012), and investigates the applicability of satellite AOD data for ground PM10 mapping for the Croatian territory. Many studies have shown that satellite AOD data are correlated to ground-based PM mass concentration. However, the relationship between AOD and PM is not explicit and there are unknowns that cause uncertainties in this relationship. The relationship between MODIS AOD and ground-based PM10 has been studied on the basis of a large data set where daily averaged PM10 data from the 12 air quality stations across Croatia over the 5 year period are correlated with AODs retrieved from MODIS Terra and Aqua. A database was developed to associate coincident MODIS AOD (independent) and PM10 data (dependent variable). Additional tested independent variables (predictors, estimators) included season, cloud fraction, and meteorological parameters — including temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, as well as planetary boundary layer height — using meteorological data from WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model. It has been found that 1) a univariate linear regression model fails at explaining the data variability well which suggests nonlinearity of the AOD-PM10 relationship, and 2) explanation of data variability can be improved with multivariate linear modeling and a neural network approach, using additional independent variables.  相似文献   

Analytic propagation of near-circular satellite orbits in the atmosphere of an oblate planet     

Vladimir Martinusi  Lamberto Dell’Elce  Gaëtan Kerschen 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2015,123(1):85-103

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Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) ostracods from Highway A16 (NW Switzerland): taxonomy, stratigraphy, ecology, and biogeography     

Ulla Schudack  Michael Schudack  Daniel Marty  Gaël Comment 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2013,106(2):371-395

Ostracods are a common microfaunal element of the Kimmeridgian of the Jura Mountains in NW Switzerland. The stratigraphical subdivision within the Kimmeridgian can as clearly be inferred from ostracods as it is the case from the ammonite biozonation. This proves the utiliy of the ostracod biozonation, especially where ammonites are not available or rare. The ostracod-bearing layers of the sequence under study (middle part of the Reuchenette Formation = Banné Member, Courtedoux Member and Lower Virgula Marls) have been deposited in waters with highly brackish to marine salinities (high in the pliohaline range to—predominanttly—brachyhaline according to the Venice System, Oertli 1964). From the base of the section (base of the Banné Member, high brachyhaline in average), salinities slowly decreased, with lowest salinities in the lower dinosaur track levels of Courtedoux Member (high pliohaline on average). They then increased again to higher salinities (high brachyhaline on average) above the upper dinosaur track levels of the Courtedoux Member and the Lower Virgula Marls (lowermost A. eudoxus Zone). These trends perfectly correlate with the increased occurence of ammonites above the upper dinosaur track levels. In terms of Kimmeridgian ostracod palaeobiogeography, the fauna of the NW Swiss Jura Mountains described in this work is most similar to the Aquitan and Paris Basins, a little less to Northern Germany, and even less (with not even half of the species in common) to Southern Germany. The NW Swiss Jura Mountains still belong to a largely boreally influenced “Western and Central European subprovince”, whereas Southern Germany (though located more to the north) was subjected to an enhanced tethyan influence.  相似文献   

离心场中土体图像采集与位移测量系统的研制与应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

胡耘  张嘎  张建民  李焯芬 《岩土力学》2010,31(3):998-1002

以存储前移为主要思路,开发了离心场中高质量图像高速采集与位移非接触测量系统。该系统由图像采集、数据存储、通讯控制、分析处理和辅助制样5个子系统组成,能够克服高速旋转的离心场的干扰,在离心模型试验过程中高速采集高质量图像。该系统能够对多点同时进行测量,从而得到土体表面任意时刻、任意区域的位移场,并具有对土体无干扰、测量精度高、前期准备工作量小、自动化程度高等优点。使用该系统对土坡破坏离心模型试验中的土坡变形过程进行了测量,结果表明,土坡的破坏过程可分为均匀变形、应变局部化和破坏后变形3个阶段,加载过程中首先在坡顶和坡脚产生应变局部化。  相似文献   

坡顶加载时黏性土坡土钉加固前后的离心模型试验比较研究     

曹洁  张嘎  王丽萍 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z1):364-0369

为研究坡顶加载条件下黏性土坡的承载特性和变形规律,进行了素土坡和土钉加固土坡的加载离心模型试验。测量了土坡的承载和变形过程。通过对比两种土坡的承载特性和变性规律,土钉的加固作用体现在：限制了土坡向坡面方向的位移,使土坡的承载能力得到了明显提高;在加固土坡内形成的土钉影响区域改善了加载底板边缘处的薄弱程度;增大了土坡中上部土体的竖向压缩变形,减小了剪切变形,增强了土坡的稳定性。土坡上部土钉的加固效果随着坡顶荷载的增大而越明显;土坡中下部土与土钉的相互作用越靠近坡面越强  相似文献   

降雨条件下土坡变形机制的离心模型试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钱纪芸  张嘎  张建民 《岩土力学》2011,32(2):398-402

自行研制了离心场降雨模拟设备,进行了降雨条件下边坡的离心模型试验。试验模型在离心机中加载到50g,然后开始降雨。采用非接触位移测量系统测量了试验过程中边坡的位移场变化,通过T5张力计测量边坡中典型点的吸力变化。试验结果表明,边坡的位移随降雨量的增大逐渐发展,发生明显变形的区域也逐渐变大,主要集中在边坡表面。边坡某处应变迅速变化的时刻与土体含水率迅速增大的时刻相一致。边坡某点的应变随降雨量的增加不断增大,并存在2个拐点,形成湿润锋和稳定锋2个锋面,并把边坡分成3个区域,通过锋面的变化反映降雨条件下边坡的变形过程。  相似文献