High-order finite difference modeling of tsunami generation in a compressible ocean from offshore earthquakes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gabriel C. Lotto  Eric M. Dunham 《Computational Geosciences》2015,19(2):327-340

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On the variability of seasonal temperature in southern South America     

Ana Laura Berman  Gabriel Silvestri  Rosa Compagnucci 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(7-8):1863-1878

The aim of this paper is to investigate different aspects of the seasonal-to-interannual temperature variability in Eastern Patagonia, the southernmost area of South America, east of the Andes Cordillera. Homogenous regions of seasonal variability and the atmospheric circulation patterns associated with warm and cold conditions in each of them are described in this study. Relationships between temperature in Eastern Patagonia and that registered in other areas of southern South America are also addressed. Results show that the northern and southern areas of Eastern Patagonia have different temperature variability in summer and autumn whereas the temperature variability tends to be more homogeneous within the region during winter and spring. Warm (cold) conditions in the northern areas are associated with reinforced (weakened) westerlies in summer, winter and spring whereas northerly (southerly) advections of warm (cold) air toward the region produce such conditions in autumn. Temperature in the southern portion of Eastern Patagonia is affected by anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies that enhance (reduce) the incoming solar radiation and induce reinforced (weakened) westerlies promoting warm (cold) conditions in the region. Furthermore, cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomalies at subpolar latitudes hinder (favor) outbreaks of cold air increasing (decreasing) the temperature over areas of Eastern Patagonia. The circulation anomalies associated with warm (cold) conditions in Eastern Patagonia also promote cold (warm) conditions over areas of northern Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil. Consequently, a dipole of temperature is detected in southern South America with centers of opposite sign over these regions.  相似文献   

Time-dependent convection seismic study of δ Sct stars     

M.-A. Dupret  A. Grigahcène  R. Garrido  J. De Ridder  R. Scuflaire  M. Gabriel 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,361(2):476-486

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Non-thermal and non-equilibrium effects in soft X-ray flare spectra     

A. H. Gabriel  E. Antonucci  L. Steenman-Clark 《Solar physics》1983,86(1-2):59-66

Processes leading to the excitation of soft X-ray line spectra are discussed in relation to their thermal or non-thermal nature. Through analysis of calcium spectra from the XRP experiment on SMM, it is shown that the ionization balance during the gradual phase of flares is effectively in the steady-state. A search of suitable complex flares with multiple impulsive features has shown indications of soft X-ray line intensity anomalies, consistent with the presence of a non-thermal electron component.  相似文献   

Transboundary aquifers: conceptual models for development of international law   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Eckstein Y  Eckstein GE 《Ground water》2005,43(5):679-690

More than one-half of the world's population is dependent on ground water for everyday uses such as drinking, cooking, and hygiene. In fact, it is the most extracted natural resource in the world. As a result of growing populations and expanding economies, many aquifers today are being depleted while others are being contaminated. Notwithstanding the world's considerable reliance on this resource, ground water resources have long received only secondary attention as compared to surface water, especially among legislatures and policymakers. Today, while there are hundreds of treaties governing transboundary rivers and lakes, there is only one international agreement that directly addresses a transboundary aquifer. Given that many of the aquifers on which humanity so heavily relies cross international borders, there is a considerable gap in the sound management, allocation, and protection of such resources. In order to prevent future disputes over transboundary aquifers and to maximize the beneficial use of this resource, international law must be clarified as it applies to transboundary ground water resources. Moreover, it must be defined with a firm basis in sound scientific understanding. In this paper we offer six conceptual models is which ground water resources can have transboudary consequences. The models are intended to help in assessing the applicability and scientific soundness of existing and proposed rules governing transboundary ground water resources. In addition, we consider the development of international law as it applies to ground water resources and make recommendations based on the models and principles of hydrogeology. The objective is the development of clear, logical, and science-based norms of state conducts as they relate to aquifers that traverse political boundaries.  相似文献   

New constraints on Io's and Jupiter's tidal dissipation     

Valéry Lainey  Gabriel Tobie 《Icarus》2005,179(2):485-489

Although the quest for tidal accelerations among the Galilean satellites has been ongoing since the beginning of the last century, no real agreement has been found so far. Using a numerical approach, we simulate the effect of tidal interactions on the evolution of Io's motion during the last century. We show how these tidal effects can vanish during the fit process to observational data. By testing different values of dissipation within Io and Jupiter, we show that a non-detection of significant Io's orbital acceleration does not imply a large dissipation within Jupiter, and we suggest an upper bound value () for the dissipation rate within Io.  相似文献   

Reply To The Comment By Bink And Meesters     

Gabriel Katul  Cheng-I Hsieh 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1997,84(3):503-509

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Ground Surface Temperature History in Poland in the 16th–20th Centuries Derived from the Inversion of Geothermal Profiles     

Jacek?MajorowiczEmail author  Jan??afanda  Rajmund?Przybylak  Gabriel?Wójcik 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(2):351-363

Ground Surface Temperature (GST) history in Poland was derived from the inversion of temperature-depth profiles in over 20 wells. Temperature histories for the period 1500 A.D. through 1977 A.D. agree well with the instrumental record of the surface-air temperature available for the last two centuries. A statistical correlation of the reconstructed histories (from the well temperature data) with the instrumental record (air temperature) from the homogeneous Warsaw series is high (>0.8). Functional space inversion (FSI) of the temperature data with depth shows that beginning in the early 19th century, temperatures warmed by 0.9 ± 0.1°C following a long period of colder climate before. The last number could be a minimal as higher warming was calculated using a simple model based on surface temperature for the observational period (homogenized Warsaw surface temperature series, Lorenc, 2000) and POM (pre-observational mean; Harris and Chapman, 1998) of –1.53^oC below the 1951–1980 mean temperature level.  相似文献   

The new marine green? Sustainability and health challenges for coastal communities     

Galloway TS  Scally G 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(9):989-992

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Water-poverty relationships in the coastal town of Mbour (Senegal): Relevance of GIS for decision support   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Néné Makoya Toure  Alioune KaneJean François Noel  Vincent TurmineValentin Nedeff  Gabriel Lazar 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2012,14(1):33-39

Coastal area is always a zone with complex problems. Due to the attraction they exert, are facing many social problems. Therefore, a coastal city is usually a city with problems. Its extension, caused by the influx of people from different backgrounds, creates an increased demand for services. One of the problems frequently encountered, especially in Senegal, is access to water. The problem of access to water is poorly treated, without being correlated with the urban evolution, i.e. with increasing population and demand growth. The water resource is facing numerous complications such as the lack of integrated management, integration issues at the governance level, where the local factor is often forgotten.The town of Mbour, object of our study, does not come out of that lot, being an attractive coastal city, from an African country. This indicates the need for an integrated management oriented from local to a global basis and not vice versa. The study presented in this paper indicates that a large proportion of the population has not access to a verified drinking water system and uses water from wells or standpipes. Half of the surveyed population (50%) has no access to a water supply system. The water poverty map of the town overlaps with that of the general poverty excepting few neighborhoods. This means that even areas that are not affected by poverty have a very low or poor access to water, which so far remains the perverse effect of the reform of the Senegalese water sector in 1995.  相似文献