Mineralogical and geochemical spatial analyses of a waste-rock dump at the Libiola Fe–Cu sulphide mine (Eastern Liguria,Italy)     

Pietro Marescotti  Eva Azzali  Diego Servida  Cristina Carbone  Giovanni Grieco  Luisa De Capitani  Gabriella Lucchetti 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(1):187-199

In this work, we investigated a 3 ha sulphide-bearing waste-rock dump (Libiola Mine, Italy) using mineralogical, geochemical, and geostatistical analyses. The dumped materials were highly heterogeneous in grain size and lithology and varied both laterally and vertically. Other than the host rock of the ore, basalts and serpentinites, the dumped materials contained high amounts of low-grade chalcopyrite- and pyrite-rich mineralisations. Due to these characteristics and to the absence of minerals able to neutralise acidity, this waste-rock dump can be classified as an acid mine drainage (AMD) producer. The study confirms that AMD is still active and, in the best scenario, can persist for up to 6.17 × 10³ years. The consequences of this process are of serious environmental concern as it involves strong acidification of the circulating waters, the release of potentially toxic metals into the soil, streams and rivers and the precipitation of huge quantities of secondary Fe-oxides and Fe-oxyhydroxides.  相似文献   

Climatic variability in the Late Copper Age: stable isotope fluctuation of prehistoric Unio pictorum (Unionidae) shells from Lake Balaton (Hungary)     

Gabriella Sch?ll-Barna  Attila Demény  Gábor Serlegi  Szilvia Fábián  Pál Sümegi  István Fórizs  Bernadett Bajnóczi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,47(1):87-100

Geochemical records of bivalve shells have been increasingly studied in the last decade to obtain information on climate conditions. In this paper we present stable isotope compositions of living and prehistoric shells of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) and their relationships with climate conditions in a shallow lake environment of Lake Balaton, West-Central Hungary. Physical conditions and stable oxygen isotope compositions of lake water samples were monitored where living bivalves were collected. Comparisons between seasonal variations in ambient temperature, water composition and within-shell isotopic variations indicate that the shells of Unio pictorum do reflect local changes at high resolution and thus can be used to study past conditions. Additionally, shells covering the last two decades were gathered at several locations along the lake in order to determine spatial and temporal variations in the shells’ isotopic compositions as a function of weather conditions. As an application, prehistoric shells collected in archaeological excavations were analysed in order to study past environmental variations. Climate variations during the Late Copper Age (5460–4870 cal. yr BP) have been assumed on the basis of geomorphological and archaeozoological observations at the site Balatonkeresztúr-Réti-dűlő (south of Lake Balaton), that suggested increasing humidity as a cause of changes in settlement location and domestic livestock husbandry. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of prehistoric bivalve shells were analyzed from excavations representing five archaeological subphases (Boleráz subphase, 5460–5310 cal. yr BP; two transitional subphases around 5310 cal. yr BP; Early Classic subphase, 5310–5060 cal. yr BP; Late Classic subphase, 5040–4870 cal. yr BP). The analyses revealed significant negative C and O isotope shifts in the transitional subphases relative to the earlier and later subphases. The isotopic variations indicate that the local climate became relatively wet and possibly cold around 5310 cal. yr BP, then it returned to drier (and likely warmer) conditions during the Classic subphases. This interpretation is in agreement with previous studies on climate changes related to the “5.3 ky event” in the European continental area and the North Atlantic Region, indicating an Atlantic influence in the Carpathian Basin.  相似文献   

The dependence of galaxy formation on cosmological parameters: can we distinguish between the WMAP1 and WMAP3 parameter sets?     

Jie Wang  Gabriella De Lucia  Manfred G. Kitzbichler  Simon D. M. White 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,384(4):1301-1315

We combine N -body simulations of structure growth with physical modelling of galaxy evolution to investigate whether the shift in cosmological parameters between the first- and third-year results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) affects predictions for the galaxy population. Structure formation is significantly delayed in the WMAP3 cosmology, because the initial matter fluctuation amplitude is lower on the relevant scales. The decrease in dark matter clustering strength is, however, almost entirely offset by an increase in halo bias, so predictions for galaxy clustering are barely altered. In both cosmologies, several combinations of physical parameters can reproduce observed, low-redshift galaxy properties; the star formation, supernova feedback and active galactic nucleus feedback efficiencies can be played off against each other to give similar results. Models which fit observed luminosity functions predict projected two-point correlation functions which scatter by about 10–20 per cent on large scale and by larger factors on small scale, depending both on cosmology and on details of galaxy formation. Measurements of the pairwise velocity distribution prefer the WMAP1 cosmology, but careful treatment of the systematics is needed. Given present modelling uncertainties, it is not easy to distinguish between the WMAP1 and WMAP3 cosmologies on the basis of low-redshift galaxy properties. Model predictions diverge more dramatically at high redshift. Better observational data at   z > 2  will better constrain galaxy formation and perhaps also cosmological parameters.  相似文献   

Analytical and numerical results on the stability of a planetary precessional model     

Gabriella Della Penna 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1999,75(2):103-124

A model for planetary precession is investigated using analytical and numerical techniques. A Hamiltonian function governing the model is derived in terms of action-angle Andoyer-Déprit variables under the assumption of equatorial symmetry. As a first approximation a simplified Hamiltonian with zero-eccentricity is considered and stability estimates are derived using KAM theory. A validation of the analytical results is performed computing Poincaré surfaces of section for the circular and elliptical model. We also investigate the role of the eccentricity and its connection with the appearance of resonances. Special attention is devoted to the particular case of the Earth–Moon system. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Assessment of the ecological status of transitional waters in Sicily (Italy): First characterisation and classification according to a multiparametric approach     

Gabriella Caruso  M. Leonardi  F. Decembrini  E. Crisafi  A. Bergamasco 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1682-1690

A 1-year cycle of observations was performed in four Sicilian transitional water systems (Oliveri-Tindari, Cape Peloro, Vendicari and Marsala) to characterise their ecological status. A panel of variables among which trophic and microbial (enzyme activities, abundance of hetetrophic bacteria and of bacterial pollution indicators) parameters, were selected. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) contents defined the trophic state, while microbial hydrolysis rates and abundance gave insights on microbial community efficiency in organic matter transformation and on allochthonous inputs. To classify the trophic state of examined waters, the synthetic trophic state index (TRIX) was calculated.Microbial hydrolysis rates correlated positively with POC and Chl-a, which increased along the eutrophication gradient. The significant relationships among TRIX, trophic and microbial parameters suggested the use of leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and POC as suitable parameters to implement the Water Framework Directive when assessing the ecological status of transitional water systems.  相似文献   

The interrill erosion for a sandy loam soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gabriella BALACCO 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(3):329-337

This paper resumes a laboratory experience on a slope adjustable plot with the aim of examining the role of rainfall intensity and slope gradient for a sandy loam soil, typical of Southern Italy, with particular initial moisture content. The results of the simulations performed show that a rainfall reduction causes a corresponding percentage reduction of sediment output. A similar behaviour can be attributed to slope gradient, while runoff moderately increases with rainfall intensity but it is not sensitive to slope gradient. Data also highlight that the degree of saturation can affect runoff and soil loss values.  相似文献   

An Overview of Thunderstorm-Related Research on the Atmospheric Electric Field, Schumann Resonances, Sprites, and the Ionosphere at Sopron, Hungary     

Gabriella Sátori  Michael Rycroft  Pál Bencze  Ferenc Märcz  József Bór  Veronika Barta  Tamás Nagy  Károly Kovács 《Surveys in Geophysics》2013,34(3):255-292

This paper gives a resume of the papers written in English which (a) describe some of the recording instruments in use at the Nagycenk Observatory (NCK) since the International Geophysical Year (IGY 1957–1958) and up to the present time, (b) summarise the most important and different types of observations associated with thunderstorms which have been made there, and (c) discuss their various geophysical interpretations. The paper describes the main results which have been obtained in four areas of thunderstorm associated atmospheric and geospace science within the context of Earth system science. These relate to the following parameters of atmospheric electricity: the vertical electric potential gradient just above the Earth’s surface and the air–Earth current as well as the point discharge current, Schumann resonance (SR) signals of the Earth-ionosphere cavity at 8, 14 and 20 Hz, transient luminous events (TLEs), and some aspects of the behaviour of the ionosphere. Deductions from these data sets are concerned with the global lightning activity and the conductivity of the air, with diurnal, seasonal, annual and long-term variations of the SR amplitudes and resonant frequencies in terms of migrating thunderstorm centres, with transient SR excitations and with sprites and other TLEs, and with ionospheric disturbances. The paper closes with some thoughts on future research directions based on the observations at NCK and Sopron and the results achieved since the IGY.  相似文献   

Fluid inclusion studies in datolite of low grade metamorphic origin from a Jurassic pillow basalt series in northeastern Hungary     

Gabriella Kiss  Ferenc Molnár  Federica Zaccarini 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2012,4(2):261-274

The Jurassic pillow basalt blocks in the Szarvask? Unit in the SW-Bükk Mountains are incorporated into an accretionary mélange of Cretaceous age which had been displaced from the Dinarides to NE-Hungary during the Alpine-Carpathian collision. The pillow basalt series is a part of an incomplete remnant of an ophiolite-like sequence from which ultramafic units and sheeted dikes are almost completely absent. At the studied Egerbakta quarry, closely packed pillow, pillow fragmented hyaloclastite breccia and peperitic facies of submarine basaltic volcanism were recognized. Peperitic facies was formed by local admixture of unconsolidated siliciclastic sediment into the basaltic lava. Basaltic pillows contains short and thin prehnite-chlorite-carbonate-quartz veins formed during the interaction of seawater with the cooling lava, as well as cross-cutting datolite-prehnite-quartzchlorite-albite bearing veins. Calcite in the short cooling cracks crystallised from upheated seawater at around 160°C temperature and 0.5?C0.6 kbar pressure (water depth of about 5?C6 km). Datolite precipitations in veins can be classified into at least three different textural-morphological types but all of them contain methane bearing primary fluid inclusion assemblages, with variable methane/water ratios, suggesting an inhomogeneous entrapment from a heterogeneous aqueous-carbonic fluid. End member primary fluid inclusions contain aqueous liquid with methane rich vapour phase and apparently methane only inclusions characterized by liquid phase on room temperature. A combination of results from fluid inclusion microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy (used not only for phase identification but also for determination of salinities) and temperatures calculated from chlorite compositions, show that the precipitation of datolite had taken place from low salinity (0.2?C2 NaCl equiv. mass%) aqueous-methane fluids under increasing temperature and pressure (from 160 to 210°C, and from 0.6 to 1.1 kbar) conditions. The elevated pressures and temperatures in comparison to the submarine hydrothermal processes suggest that the datolite bearing mineral parageneses had been formed during the progression of Alpine very low grade metamorphic processes.  相似文献   

Secondary carbonates in loess-paleosoil sequences: a general review     

Gabriella Barta 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2011,3(2):129-146

The literature dealing with secondary carbonates in loess-paleosoil sequences is in many cases ambiguous, which means that different concepts are used for the same features, whereas certain concepts referring to different types are used as collective nouns. The aim of this study is to give a review on this nomenclature and to draw comparision between the various types and concepts. As a main guiding principle the article of Becze-Deák et al. (1997) is used, because it has formulated a proposition of a nomenclature which would be worthwhile to adopt. The terms and concepts introduced by their work are exact, referring to certain separated secondary carbonates and are of decisive importance with a view to paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The research of secondary carbonates in loess-paleosoil sequences is of great importance, through providing detailed information on the paleoenvironment, especially on the former moisture conditions (including leaching processes). Secondary carbonates originate from the vertical, horizontal or in situ resettlement of carbonates during pedogenesis in the soil-sedimentary environment. Among others, calcified root cells, hypocoatings and needle-fiber calcite are classified into the microscale category, while concretions (e.g. loess dolls) belong to the macroscale types.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Central European Journal of Geosciences, volume 3, number 2     

János Kovács  Szabolcs Á. Fábián  Gábor Varga  Karoly Németh  Corina Risso  Francisco Nullo  Gabor Kereszturi  Titusz Bugya  Szabolcs Á. Fábián  Noémi L. Görcs  István P. Kovács  Bertalan Radvánszky  Gabriella Barta  Rudolf Musil  Alice Ghiselli  Marzio Merazzi  Andrea Strini  Roberto Margutti  Michele Mercuriali  Rauf Gardashov  Daria Gushchina  Boris Dewitte  Martin Michálek  Marián Putiš  Christoph A. Hauzenberger  Jindřich Šancer  Martin Štrejbar  Aneta Maleňáková  George Migiros  George D. Bathrellos  Hariklia D. Skilodimou  Theodoros Karamousalis 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2011,3(2):229-229

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